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Ministry of Ecology and Environment： Ozone pollution in China is mainly mild pollution, which can be prevented and controlled.

　　BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhuanet)-Liu Youbin, spokesman of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said on the 29th that since 2015, ozone monitoring has been carried out at 1,436 points in 337 cities across the country. The data shows that although ozone pollution in China has increased, it is mainly light pollution, and it is generally in a state of prevention and control.

　　On the morning of the 29th, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a regular press conference, and Liu Youbin, spokesman of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, reported the recent progress of key work.

　　Liu Youbin introduced that not long ago, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced the national air quality in September and January-September, and some areas experienced some fluctuations. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment organized experts to carefully analyze these situations for the following reasons:

　　First of all, due to the higher temperature than normal, the national O3 concentration increased year-on-year, and the proportion of excellent days decreased year-on-year.. In September 2019, the national average temperature was 17.7 degrees, which was 1.1 degrees higher than normal. The average temperatures in Beijing, Tianjin, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hubei and other provinces and cities were the highest or second highest level in the same period since 1961. Under the influence of high temperature and strong light, the concentration of O3 increased obviously during the day, which led to a decrease in the proportion of excellent days.

　　Preliminary analysis shows that in September 2019, the number of days in which the primary pollutant was O3(8 hours) in 337 cities at prefecture level and above accounted for more than 95% of the polluted days and about 40% of the 23 heavily polluted days, and the primary pollutant in other heavily polluted days was PM10, indicating that the average daily air quality in September was mainly affected by O3 concentration. The average O3 concentration in 337 cities at prefecture level and above was 157 μ g/m3, up by 23.6% year-on-year, and the proportion of excellent days decreased by 14.7 percentage points year-on-year.

　　Tropospheric (near-surface) ozone is a typical secondary air pollutant, which is rarely emitted by human beings. The main source of ground ozone is the photochemical reaction of NOx and VOCs under the action of heat and sunlight. When the precursors of NOx and VOCs are high, ozone pollution is easy to occur in summer and autumn due to high temperature and strong solar radiation. China’s standard stipulates that the maximum daily average concentration of ozone for 8 hours is 160 μ g/m3, which is basically equivalent to that of developed countries. Since 2015, ozone monitoring has been carried out at 1436 locations in 337 cities across the country. The data show that although ozone pollution in China has increased, it is mainly mild pollution, and it is generally in a state of prevention and control.

　　Secondly, less precipitation and unfavorable meteorological conditions lead to an increase in particulate matter concentration.In September 2019, the static stability index of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased by about 50% year-on-year, of which the static stability index of Beijing increased by about 40% year-on-year, and the atmospheric diffusion capacity decreased significantly. Especially in late September, 2019, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas experienced static, high humidity and inversion weather lasting for more than one week, which led to the continuous accumulation and transformation of pollutants.

　　According to Liu Youbin, in view of the above situation, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will promote the coordinated emission reduction of multi-pollutants with the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone, focusing on NOx and VOCs, and actively promote the optimization and adjustment of industry, energy, transportation and land use structure.

　　Liu Youbin Qiu said that winter has come, the temperature has dropped, and the O3 pollution level has dropped. Especially after entering the heating season, the emission intensity of various pollutants will further increase and the meteorological conditions will deteriorate, and PM2.5 will become the primary pollutant that determines the ambient air quality. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments and localities, will take measures such as differentiated and graded management and control of key industries to actively deal with heavily polluted weather to offset the impact of increased heating emissions and unfavorable meteorological conditions.

Many Chinese herbal medicine distribution centers store poppy shells for underground trading, and most of them flow to snack markets.

　　In the smoky restaurant box, Liangshan squinted and kept asking reporters about their identity information while smoking.

　　After repeated tests, he determined that the reporter was not a "fishing" policeman, and signaled his men to hand over the poppy shell in the paper bag to the reporter for inspection. He is still not at ease, let the reporter put his mobile phone aside to prevent candid recording. After inspecting the goods, he immediately asked his men to take the poppy shell in their arms. "What is good to say is selling Chinese medicine, and what is not good to say is drug trafficking, which is more risky than selling guns." He spit out one mouthful smoke and said faintly.

　　As a Chinese herbal medicine merchant with an entity company, Liangshan claims to have hundreds of kilograms of poppy shells in his hand, which will be supplied to vendors who make braised cooked food and a well-known catering brand every month.

The poppy shell of Liangshan (a pseudonym), a drug dealer.

　　This is the corner of the "black market" of poppy shells in China.

　　From the end of March to mid-May, 2021, The Paper went to many places to investigate and found that there were underground transactions of poppy shells in several major distribution centers of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Many Chinese herbal medicine merchants said that they had been supplying vendors or stores engaged in braised cooked food and breakfast for a long time at prices ranging from 500 to 700 yuan per catty.

　　In addition, The Paper search found that some online sellers from Yunnan and Gansu directly set up QQ groups with the words "poppy, opium, rice husk" to find buyers, inspect goods and sell them. There are also sellers who specially prepare dry spices containing poppy powder to sell all kinds of "secret" barbecue materials, lobster materials, pot-stewed materials and mala Tang materials online.

　　The market demand for poppy shells mainly stems from some catering businesses’ superstitious belief that adding poppy shells (powder and seeds) to food can "enhance taste and fragrance" and make diners addicted. However, some experts told The Paper that experiments show that the role of poppy shells is over-deified, and the rumored role of "enhancing fragrance and addiction" is actually not obvious. In addition, some studies have said that long-term use of soup containing poppy shell or its extract will cause chills, sweating, fatigue, sallow and emaciated, drowsiness and other symptoms, and cause people’s attention and memory function to decline. In severe cases, it may cause damage to the nervous system and digestive system, endocrine disorders, and even lead to respiratory arrest and death.

　　"What is not pleasant to say is drug trafficking."

　　The paper bag handed to the reporter by Liang Shanrang contained seven or eight white-brown poppy shells with good appearance, and the rustling of poppy seeds could be heard during shaking.

　　"I haven’t shaved." "Scraping pulp" in Liangshan refers to cutting milk pulp to extract opium after poppy fruit is ripe. After cutting pulp, there will be dark knife marks on the surface of poppy fruit. He pointed to one of the poppy shells and showed it to the reporter. There was no cut on the surface of the poppy shell.

　　Poppy is the main raw material for opium production, and its extract is also the source of many sedatives. Poppy shell (commonly known as big tobacco shell and rice shell) is the dried shell of poppy fruit, which is oval or bottle-shaped. Poppy shell contains alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, papaverine, etc. Although the content is smaller than that of opium, it will cause chronic toxic effects on human liver and heart if taken for a long time, and it is a drug controlled by the state. For a long time, the public security departments have severely cracked down on the illegal phenomena of smuggling, trafficking, transportation, manufacturing and illegal possession of poppy shells.

　　Liangshan said that he still has 600 kilograms of stock in his hand, and the poppy shells in his hand are basically bought from the elderly who secretly grow poppies in the countryside, and he also interplanted with other Chinese herbal medicines in a small amount, which is definitely better than the smuggled goods from the "Golden Triangle North Myanmar" area. He is the only one in the local area who has goods with another medicine dealer.

　　"Our jargon is called rice shell, not opium shell or poppy shell. You will know this as soon as you say it." At the inspection site, Liangshan explained that the anti-drug situation has been severe in recent years. In the past, there were two or three hundred yuan per catty of poppy shells on the market, but now it has risen to six or seven hundred yuan per catty, and it is constantly rising, which belongs to "valuable and no market".

　　Liangshan said that almost all his customers are introduced by acquaintances, usually catering businesses, and most of them sell braised dishes. A business does not want much at one time, which is only two or three kilograms. "Yesterday (March 22), a customer came and took 20 pounds of goods."

　　According to Liangshan, merchants will directly cook the soup with poppy shells, usually throwing them away after cooking twice, or grinding them into fine powder and mixing them with other seasonings in proportion to cook the soup. "Less useful and undetectable." Liangshan said that he would make ribs and stew at home and add poppy powder, or eat steamed bread dipped in poppy seeds.

　　During the conversation, Liangshan repeatedly claimed that the Beijing branch of a well-known hot pot restaurant brand took at least 500 kilograms of poppy shells from him every month and then distributed them to stores. The reporter expressed doubts about this, and Liangshan only showed the reporter the buyer’s WeChat circle of friends, showing that the other party often posted dynamic news about the catering brand.

　　Liangshan said that customers can’t deliver poppy shells separately after buying them, but also have to buy some spices such as octagonal cinnamon grass fruit, mix them and grind them into powder for delivery.

　　In addition, Liangshan said that the address left by the customer does not need to be written in detail, and he will use the logistics without inspection. "The packaging is tattered and nobody cares. After the logistics arrives at the receiving place, it will call the recipient." Because it is easy to be out of stock, customers need to say in advance that they are ready.

　　During the whole joint inspection process, Liangshan and his men were particularly vigilant and repeatedly told not to let their peers know that they were using this thing to prevent being "fired". If the business is known by a third person, there is no way to do it.

　　"When we first met, I was afraid you were a COP." After the goods were inspected, Liangshan asked the reporter to open the WeChat chat page contacted with him, returned the 500 yuan sincerity payment paid in advance, and forged a chat record: "I have no goods here, sorry." Then let the reporter and him delete each other’s WeChat, saying that they would contact each other directly by phone in the future.

　　"Just delete the WeChat record and you can adjust it." Liangshan said that because things are not formal, we must be cautious when contacting transactions. "To say that it is good to sell Chinese medicine, and to say that it is not good is drug trafficking, which is more risky than selling guns."

　　Liangshan told reporters a virtual number starting with 171, showing the area as Fuzhou, Fujian, and a real number starting with 147, saying that you can dial the number of 147 for private contact, and contact with the virtual number when talking about goods. On wechat, you can’t mention "poppy" when you deliver the goods, just say, "boss, is there any more goods?"

　　Because Liangshan claimed that a well-known catering brand got goods in bulk from it, considering the public food safety issues, the reporter immediately reported the information to the local police on the night of the unannounced visit.

　　In the same city as Liangshan, a man surnamed Zhang named "Yaojutang Pharmaceutical" on WeChat told reporters that his poppy shells here only cost 300 yuan a catty. Unlike Liangshan’s goods, although they also contain seeds, they are all broken into pieces, which can be sent to logistics and customers can come and get them.

　　"Delete the text sent by the above (WeChat) from your side, and just say (again) directly call it aniseed." The man surnamed Zhang said that he could have met for inspection or sent the poppy shell for inspection by taking pictures and videos, but now the police are strict and it is the first time to deal with it, so be careful.

　　On the evening of March 26, the anti-drug police and reporters opened the samples sent by Zhang’s boss. The outer layer of the package is tightly wrapped in a green woven bag, and the inner layer is wrapped in a black plastic bag after the outer package is torn open, and a hole in the plastic bag is cut to expose the white-brown debris. After the police sent the substance for inspection, they found that the sample sent by the man surnamed Zhang was indeed a poppy shell.

A shopkeeper surnamed Zhang sent a parcel by courier, full of white-brown fragments. The police sent it for inspection and found that it was indeed a broken poppy shell.

　　At present, the police have set up a task force to investigate the suspected illegal acts of Liangshan and the man surnamed Zhang.

　　Poppy shell "black market": many drug dealers claim long-term supply.

　　The poppy shell business of Liangshan and Zhang’s boss is only the corner of the domestic "black market" of poppy shells. According to the reporter’s investigation, this kind of business also exists in Chinese herbal medicine distribution centers such as anguo city, Hebei, Yuzhou, Henan and Zhangshu, Jiangxi.

　　At 9 o’clock on the evening of March 24th, on the main road from Baoding City, Hebei Province to anguo city, the county-level city under its custody, Yang Qi, a Chinese medicine dealer, rolled up his sleeves and drove a red BMW car while telling reporters about the precautions for trading poppy shells.

　　"Don’t say that you are from other places, and the local ones won’t sell you (poppy shells)." Yang Qi is not tall, born in 1998, and his face looks a little immature. Since October 2016, a company specializing in the wholesale business of Chinese herbal medicines has been registered. Yang Qi travels to and from the origin of various Chinese herbal medicines in China and sells them to pharmaceutical factories after purchasing them.

　　He said that in the past few years, there were many phenomena of trading poppy shells in this area. Because of frequent contact, drug dealers selling poppy shells can eat out whether they have added poppy shells or not. "You can know by smelling or eating them." In recent years, the police have cracked down more and more severely, and everyone is sneaking around. Without acquaintances to lead the way, sellers will not admit that they have goods.

　　After more than an hour, I arrived at a place called "Beigang Car Rental" in anguo city. Under the dim light of night, Elgin made a phone call and asked the other party to install two kinds of poppy shells with different specifications for inspection.

　　Ten minutes later, a man came by car. In the car, the man took out two packages of poppy shells with different specifications. By the dim light in the car, the reporter saw that there were seven or eight complete poppy shells in two transparent plastic bags, and the one with good quality was bigger. Slightly shaking, two bags can hear the rustling of poppy seeds.

　　Yang Qi said that the 30 kilograms of poppy shells he prepared for reporters were divided into two specifications. A kilogram with seeds of good quality is 1,700 yuan, and a kilogram without seeds or with fewer seeds is 1,550 yuan. "Once again, there are things mixed in it, so I don’t want to sell it." Yang Qi said that all the goods on hand were collected from other medicinal materials merchants by friends, and most of the goods came from Myanmar. "If the goods are used up, say three days in advance, 30 or 50 kilograms will do."

Yang Qi (not his real name), a medicine dealer in Anguo, Hebei Province, said that most of their poppy shells were smuggled in from Myanmar.

　　Yang Qi said that what he wants here is basically a catering business, and the proportion added to the catering needs to be adjusted, as far as possible.

　　In anguo city, Yang Qi is not the only seller of poppy shells. The reporter consulted a number of medicinal materials merchants in Anguo, and the other party said that they were "in stock".

　　Li He, whose net name is "Qi ‘ao Traditional Chinese Medicine", claims that poppy shells can be crushed into powder, and the minimum 1000 yuan is one kilogram, which requires cash transactions. He said that although it is illegal to trade poppy shells, he can legally purchase them in the name of a medicinal material dealer, mainly because the buyer has to ensure that there is no problem.

　　"They are all collected locally and can be seen in the store." Near the International Trade Center Square of Chinese Herbal Medicine in anguo city, the owner of "Guangtaihe Lengbei" medicine shop, after being introduced by Zhang Ying, a middleman, also told reporters that it was available.

A medicine dealer in anguo city took out half a bag of poppy shells.

　　At 8 o’clock in the morning of March 25, after talking with reporters in the medicine shop, the boss saw that there was no one around, turned around and took out a snakeskin bag from the back of the shop, unsealed it, and revealed a poppy shell of half a bag. The reporter grabbed two or three in the bag and found that the surface of these poppy shells was smooth, and there were no shallow cuts after "cutting pulp". Some poppy shells were broken and leaked black seeds inside.

　　After the reporter finished inspecting the goods, the boss immediately tied the mouth and took the snakeskin bag into the store. "How many goods do you want? Just communicate in advance." He said that the goods just shown to reporters are less than 30kg, which are all "new goods", that is, the goods received in the autumn of 2020, with 650 yuan per catty. After the cash transaction, he will help grind it into fine powder thicker than flour for reporters to take away, or send logistics, but logistics can only send three or five pounds at a time, which is too dangerous.

　　Zhang Ying, the middleman, said that buying and selling poppy shells must be cautious, and they arrested several people here after the year. The people who pick up the goods here are basically owners of restaurants and hot pot restaurants, or owners who sell braised pork, braised vegetables and barbecues. When communicating with customers, they don’t ask more questions. They are very direct: "Do you have, transfer money and arrange goods?"

　　It is more than 500 kilometers away from anguo city. In Yuzhou City, Henan Province, another distribution center of Chinese herbal medicines, there is also an underground trade in poppy shells.

　　On the evening of March 21st, the boss surnamed Chen of "Yuzhou Xing Medicinal Materials Store" told the reporter that he could get the goods here. Every catty of 300 yuan was stolen by the villagers, and they bought it from the village. Because the reporter wants a lot at one time, he needs to find someone to collect the goods. The boss surnamed Chen said that most of his customers are from the catering industry. To be on the safe side, they need to be powdered when picking up the goods.

The owner of WeChat named "Yuzhou Yuzhou Xing Medicinal Materials Store" Chen said that he could get the goods from him, with 300 yuan per catty.

　　He carefully changed a micro-signal to chat with reporters, saying that when picking up the goods, he needed to write "Gastrodia elata" on the goods, and he should also note "Gastrodia elata" when paying for the goods.

　　On the morning of April 30th, at another Chinese herbal medicine distribution center — — In Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province, Pi Jun, who runs "Zhangshu Wuxin Chinese Herbal Medicine Planting Co., Ltd.", also claimed that he had poppy shells, both with seeds and without seeds, with a kilogram of 800 yuan or so, mainly because some merchants who make braised pork and braised dishes, barbecue and mala Tang have been getting goods from him.

　　Pi Jun was a little wary when he first contacted reporters, saying that he was worried about using poppy shells for drug trafficking, and he had to check the qualifications of restaurants before supplying them. "First of all, consider the risk, and you can’t earn much money." Pi Jun said that the investigation is very strict now, and it is not easy to get it. In the past, it was cheap to get it.

　　Some sellers sell online, and others specialize in "secret" spices.

　　If it is said that drug dealers are still very wary of secretly selling poppy shells offline, some online poppy shell sellers are even more courageous.

　　The reporter searched with keywords such as "big tobacco shell, poppy shell, big tobacco fruit, rice shell" and found dozens of QQ groups, with members ranging from dozens to hundreds. The names of these groups not only contain keywords searched by reporters, but also contain words such as "spices and seasonings", suggesting that they can be added to catering. Other QQ groups directly use pictures of poppy fruit or poppy shell as group avatars.

The Paper reporter searched with keywords such as "big tobacco shell, poppy shell, big tobacco fruit, rice shell" and found dozens of QQ groups with members ranging from dozens to hundreds.

　　"If you are in the snack business, if you are in the cooked food business, such as mala Tang and barbecue, if your business is not good, then you only need to join our seasoning to ensure that your business is booming." One of the QQ groups introduced this.

　　The reporter consulted a number of group owners or administrators. On March 20th, a group of administrators named "Sister Xiang" told reporters that she came from mangshi, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the poppy shell in her hand came from Myanmar, and the amount of bulk cargo was about 360 yuan per catty, and 500 yuan was needed per catty. She showed the reporter a complete sample of poppy shell in a "flash photo" way and quickly withdrew the news. People who are called catering and wholesale Chinese herbal medicines all get goods from her. If they sincerely buy, they can tell the specific use method.

The sellers on QQ all showed photos of poppy shells in the form of "flash photos", and then quickly withdrew the news.

　　On March 21st, another QQ group administrator also claimed that he had poppy shells from Myanmar, and 550 yuan had a kilo of postage. He also showed reporters a complete photo of the poppy shell in the form of "flashing photos", and then quickly withdrew the news, claiming that it could guide how to use it after purchase.

　　Different from the first two sellers, another QQ group administrator named "Gentleman" said that she came from Dunhuang, Gansu Province, and her goods came from Xinjiang. She can directly mail the complete poppy shell or grind it into powder and then deliver it, and 550 yuan can deliver it by one catty. "Write down local products, or medicinal materials and dry goods." She said that in order to avoid inspection, it is necessary to write false shipping information on the package.

　　After reporting to the public security organ, the reporter bought a catty of poppy shell samples from the three sellers. The logistics numbers provided by the three sellers show that they delivered goods from Kunming, Yunnan, Chengdu, Sichuan and Jiayuguan, Gansu by Best Express, Postal Service and Postal Service respectively. After the arrival of the goods, the police in the jurisdiction where the goods were received took the parcel back to the police station for further processing, and the reporter simultaneously fed back the suspected illegal clues to the police.

　　On the afternoon of April 29th, the reporter added a QQ group administrator nicknamed "Spice Ingredients" on WeChat, and several short videos with ground spices were posted every day in his circle of friends. The article said that it was to help customers prepare secret fine spices, including lobster sauce, marinated sauce, cold noodles and cold fabrics, barbecue sauce, fried skewers, mutton soup, mala Tang sauce and so on. The seller nicknamed "Spice Ingredients" on WeChat publishes several short videos with ground spices every day in the circle of friends, and the text is called the secret fine spices that help customers prepare.

　　The seller nicknamed "Spice Ingredients" on WeChat publishes several short videos with ground spices every day in the circle of friends, and the text is called the secret fine spices that help customers prepare.

　　He sent a reporter an address that was shown as "Chaoyang Non-staple Food Trading Zone" on Xining Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, saying that he and his brother operated two dry spice shops here, which were specially equipped with "secret spices" for merchants. Poppy shells need to be ground into powder, and the ingredients such as star anise, fragrant leaves, fennel, cinnamon, codonopsis pilosula and tsaoko are ground into powder in proportion for delivery, and the price of other ingredients is calculated separately at poppy powder 280 yuan per catty. He showed reporters that in recent days, four merchants doing snacks such as cold salad asked them for screenshots of poppy powder’s WeChat chat, saying that about 40 pounds of poppy powder would be produced every month, and the customers were all from the Internet, and the number was not fixed. "Some of them didn’t come after using it once, saying it was too expensive, and they couldn’t see any effect."

　　His brother Li told reporters that many merchants who make mala Tang, barbecue and braised food always take a few kilograms of goods, and generally they will mix them with other spices in proportion. If they want more, they can grind them into poppy powder, and the buyers will match them themselves. Instead of express delivery, they will deliver them in person. Some merchants sell mala Tang, and they are accompanied by materials for cooking mala Tang; Some merchants make braised food, and they match it with the ingredients of braised food. Most merchants use one or two kilograms a month. Now he dare not store too much goods, and there are only more than 20 kilograms of poppy shells left on hand, all of which are after "cutting pulp". Every time he wants goods, he must say one week in advance.

　　On the morning of April 30, Li showed a video of grinding ingredients to reporters, saying that he was making secret grilled fish ingredients for a merchant in Guangzhou, with a total of 17 kilograms of ingredients, and the merchant gave poppy powder mixed with 3 kilograms. On the morning of April 30th, a QQ user named "Spice Ingredients" showed a video of ingredients grinding, which was called that a merchant in Guangzhou made secret grilled fish ingredients, with a total of 17 kg of ingredients, and the merchant asked poppy powder mixed with 3 kg.

　　On the morning of April 30th, a QQ user named "Spice Ingredients" showed a video of ingredients grinding, which was called that a merchant in Guangzhou made secret grilled fish ingredients, with a total of 17 kg of ingredients, and the merchant asked poppy powder mixed with 3 kg.

　　A QQ user nicknamed "There is nothing wrong with loving you" showed the reporter his poppy shell inventory, saying that many restaurants in China buy from him, and he has to ship hundreds of kilograms every month. "Make sure it’s easy to use and make your business hot." He recommended one of the buyers nicknamed "Jiahuang Potted Vegetable" on QQ to the reporter.

　　"Jiahuang pot-stewed food" claims that she is the proprietress of a pot-stewed food restaurant in Hengyang, Hunan Province. Five years ago, she set up a stall with her family to sell pot-stewed food, and the competitive environment of eight deli shops in the same market made her business not smooth. Later, she found out that a deli was using a big cigarette case, so she contacted the supplier in many ways.

　　The proprietress said that she changed three poppy shell suppliers in three years, and the third one was "there is nothing wrong with loving you" and took the goods for more than a year. At present, she runs three stalls of "Jiahuang Potted Vegetables", and buys about five kilograms of poppy shells at a time, about one kilogram of 600 yuan, which can last for three months.

　　(Liangshan, Elgin, Pi Jun and Zhang Ying are pseudonyms in the text)

It is a famous medicine in Lingnan, and is known as ＂Southern Astragalus＂, which has the functions of invigorating qi, invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness.

　　Medicinal materials can be divided into north and south.

　　Wushu is known as "southern boxing and northern leg", which is talked about by everyone.

　　The characters in the martial arts novels are "Beggars in the South and Beggars in the North", and everyone is familiar with them.

　　There are "Southern Tunes and Northern Tunes" in traditional Chinese operas, each with its own strong points and deep mass base.

　　The classical story "orange in the south and bitter orange in the north" tells the implication that the same species has mutated due to different environmental conditions.

　　Idioms include travelling from the south to the north, fighting in the north, and opposing each other …

　　China has a vast territory, the climate difference between north and south is remarkable, and the species are very different. In the eyes of doctors, the use of drugs in the north and the south is different, so there are many names in the world of herbs to show the difference. For example:

　　1. Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra chinensis

　　2. Radix Glehniae and Radix Glehniae

　　3. South Lepidium, North Lepidium

　　4. Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali

　　It is worth noting that although there is a word difference between the North and the South, there are many differences in source and efficacy, which need to be specifically analyzed to ensure the correct use of drugs in clinic and the safety of patients.

　　As we all know, Astragalus membranaceus is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinic, which has the functions of invigorating qi and rising yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, inducing diuresis and reducing swelling, and is known as the "holy medicine for invigorating qi". In Compendium of Materia Medica, Li Shizhen called it "the strength of tonic medicine".

　　Astragalus membranaceus is listed in the list of homologous substances of medicine and food, and it is one of the representatives of "dual use of medicine and food".

　　Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Astragalus has the function of "consolidating exterior". Generally speaking, it can increase the body’s protective function and reduce the chance of getting sick. Astragalus tea (30g of Astragalus, brewed with boiling water instead of tea) has become the standard of health care for office workers. Drinking this tea often can improve immunity, and soaking Astragalus and Lycium barbarum in a thermos cup can be described as a health care fashion. Astragalus medicinal diet soup (Astragalus carp soup, Astragalus chicken soup, Astragalus jujube ribs soup, etc.) has been shining on the table of ordinary people, delicious and healthy.

　　"Southern Astragalus" is not Astragalus.

　　Some friends think that Astragalus membranaceus is different from Astragalus membranaceus, which is really a misunderstanding. Astragalus membranaceus is the dried root of Leguminosae Astragalus mongolicus or Astragalus membranaceus, which is also called Beiqi because it is abundant in northern China.

　　The herb known as "Southern Astragalus" is not Astragalus, so where did it come from?

　　In fact, Nanqi refers to the five-fingered peach commonly used by Lingnan people. Because it has similar qi-invigorating function to Astragalus membranaceus, it is widely used in Lingnan, so it is known as "Southern Astragalus membranaceus".

　　Five-finger peach "as its name suggests"

　　The five-fingered peach tree is about one meter to two meters high. The whole plant has short yellow-brown hair and milk. Its leaves usually have five lobes, like a palm with five fingers open; Its fruit is oval and hairy, which is quite similar to peach. The leaves are like five fingers, and the fruit is like a peach. The name of the five-finger peach is vivid and unforgettable. It can be described as "just like its name"!

　　Edible method

　　1. Chicken soup with five fingers and peaches

　　Finger-fingered peach root is often used to cook chicken soup, which is a Hakka medicinal soup and a famous Guangdong soup with good color and flavor. In the hot summer, the temperature and humidity in Lingnan area are always high, which makes people tired and lose appetite. Folk commonly use five-finger peach soup. This soup has a unique aromatic smell, which helps people to strengthen the spleen and replenish qi, eliminate dampness and promote qi circulation. Regular consumption of this medicated diet soup can enhance human immune function.

　　Every summer, students tend to think too much when preparing for the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. Chinese medicine believes that "thinking hurts the spleen", people’s emotions will affect the five internal organs, and thinking will affect the spleen and stomach. In addition, the spleen is trapped by summer heat, and internal and external factors are intertwined, which makes people’s appetite worse. Careful parents will boil Wuzhi Maotao soup to strengthen the spleen and eliminate dampness for children, which will help the exam.

　　2. Pork feet with five fingers and peaches

　　Wash the five-finger peaches with clear water and soak them for a while; Chop the pig’s feet into pieces, put them into a clay pot, add about 8 bowls of water, and cook them with slow fire for about 1 hour after boiling with strong fire, and add appropriate seasoning to serve. This soup has the function of promoting lactation after delivery.

　　3. Five Finger Peach Chicken

　　Five-finger peaches are used as spices, and appropriate amount is added when making salted chicken, or five-finger peaches are stuffed into chicken belly, so that the baked chicken has the fragrance of five-finger peaches, which is delicious and healthy. Also popular with diners are five-fingered peach chicken feet. With the accelerated pace of life, young people have rarely made five-fingered peaches and chicken feet at home.

　　In the streets and alleys of Meizhou, Heyuan and other Hakka areas, there are many food stores with salted chicken and braised chicken feet. People buy bulk five-fingered peach chicken and chicken feet in the stores to eat at home, or let the stores vacuum package them as special products to give to friends.

　　Knowledge of five-finger peach medicinal materials

　　Peach with five fingers is the dry root of Ficus crassifolia, a Moraceae plant, and it is a commonly used medicinal material in Lingnan, and there are many records in materia medica. It was first recorded in the Qing Dynasty’s "Preparation of Raw Herbs", and it was named Wuzhaolong. The book "Lingnan Herb Collection Record" written in the Republic of China records: five-claw dragon, alias five-dragon root, dragon leaf. Other aliases are Nanqi, Tuhuangqi (Guangzhou Handbook of Common Chinese Herbal Medicine) and Tuwujia (Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine).

　　chemical composition

　　In order to find out what chemical components are contained in the five-finger peach, phytochemical researchers pulverized it in the laboratory, extracted it with water and alcohol, separated and purified it, and analyzed it with modern scientific instruments, and found that the five-finger peach contains flavonoids (quercetin, naringin, luteolin, apigenin, etc.), sugars, amino acids and other components.

　　Modern pharmacological research

　　1. Enhance immunity.

　　Modern pharmacological experiments show that Ficus hirsuta can improve the immunity of experimental mice by participating in the immune regulation of cells.

　　2. Cough relieving effect

　　The ethanol extract and water extract of Syzygium pentaphyllum were given to mice by gavage, which had antitussive effect on cough.

　　3. Bacteriostasis

　　Adding the components of Ficus hirta to the bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus cultured in the laboratory has a good antibacterial effect.

　　4. Liver protection

　　Five-finger peach has protective effect on stress liver injury. It has a certain protective effect to give the extract of Ficus hirta to mice with alcoholic liver injury by gavage.

　　Quality control and related preparations

　　In order to standardize the quality of medicinal materials, Guangdong and Guangxi have formulated the medicinal standards of five-fingered peaches, which are recorded in the Standards of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Guangdong Province and the Quality Standards of Zhuang Medicine in Guangxi respectively.

　　In addition to being directly taken into decoction, Wuzhimao is also used to produce a variety of compound Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Chuanbei Zhike Syrup, Weiyangning Pill, Sanwei Zhike Tablet, Gongyanping Tablet/Capsule/Dropping Pill, Fuyanjing Capsule, etc. In the pharmaceutical factory, before being put into production as raw material medicine, Ficus hirta must be inspected and meet the quality standards before it can be put into production.

　　Drug application

　　1. Treat postpartum agalactia

　　Stewed pork feet with five fingers and peach can treat postpartum agalactia. (Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine)

　　2. Warming the heart and spleen

　　Professor Deng Tietao, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, likes to use five-fingered peaches, and the dosage is large. Warm and tonify the yang of the heart and spleen, like to use sweet and warm five-fingered peaches and astragalus, and the amount of qi deficiency is more than 45 g. (Deng Tietao’s Experience in Treating Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Heart Failure by Regulating Spleen and Protecting Heart)

　　3. Treat liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B.

　　Jiawei Wuzhimaotao Decoction consists of Wuzhimaotao, Herba Abnormalis, Herba Rabdosiae Cirrhosae, Radix Dioscoreae Septemlobae, Herba Ardisiae Japonicae, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Folium Rosae Rugosae, Jasminum Jasminum Thunb, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, and can be used for treating liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B.. (Modified Wuzhimaotao Decoction for Treating 40 Cases of Liver Cirrhosis after Hepatitis B)

　　Tips

　　Through Baidu, it is not difficult to find that poisoning incidents related to five-finger peaches have occurred from time to time in recent years, which needs to be paid attention to.

　　Mixed growth of Herba Clerodendranthi and Prunus mume may spread the virus. Many years ago, after the villagers in Wuhua County were poisoned by drinking Wuzhimaotao soup, the relevant departments tested the Wuzhimao soup and found that the roots of these Wuzhimao peaches actually contained enterotoxin. The analysis shows that Syzygium pentaphyllum grows in the mountains, and may be mixed with Herba Lysimachiae. Over time, the toxin of Herba Lysimachiae will naturally seep into the roots of Syzygium pentaphyllum. If you only eat a small amount, you will not be poisoned. If the dose is too large, you may be poisoned.

　　The appearance of the roots of Herba Clerodendranthi is similar to that of the five-finger peach roots, and the flowers of Herba Clerodendranthi are also similar to honeysuckle. Don’t dig blindly. It is recommended to buy medicinal materials in regular pharmacies.

This article is from China Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Husband’s car hides a secret, and the wife detective’s quick manual allows you to catch one accurate one.

　　Recently, a teenage netizen asked Xiao Yao for advice. Her husband drove out at night and said that he was getting together with friends. When he came home, he seemed very tired. He couldn’t help but wonder if he had done something sorry for himself. Experienced Xiao slanting, of course, should check it out for the sisters and send it to the car to search the treasure book.

　　Hair on the seat

　　If the husband has done something bad in the car, there will definitely be hair residue that should not appear, especially in the seat or in the gap of the headrest. If it is a sister with short hair, it must be very suspicious to find long hair in the car.

　　Unusual hickey

　　If the husband is too intimate with other women in the car, he will definitely find clues in the car, such as the girl’s favorite co-driver makeup mirror, and maybe he will find incredible surprises.

　　The sound of the driving recorder

　　Many suspicious wives want to put eavesdropping devices and other equipment in the car, but this thing is very risky. If it is found, it will definitely end in a quarrel. But how to know whether a girl has been in her husband’s car and what they have talked about, the driving recorder is definitely a trick. The driving recorder has a recording function, and the car starts to record when it is powered on. As long as you buy a large-capacity memory card, everything your husband said in the car recently can be recorded.

　　IPhone frequented places

　　I just mentioned recording voice, and I want to know where my husband has been? The location service of iPhone betrayed his location. Open the iPhone settings-click-privacy-location service-system service-frequent places, including all the places where my husband stayed. Combined with the sound of driving recorder, the crime scene can basically be restored.

　　If you can’t find the problem in the first four Dafas, it proves that your husband is faithful to you, or he is an extremely cunning master, but even the master is exposed. According to the survey, most of the male friends who habitually cheat around have the habit of hiding condoms in the car. What strange places will they hide?

　　Multimedia screen

　　Hiding index: ★★★☆☆

　　It is said that the more dangerous the place is, the safer it is. The center console seems to be a very conspicuous place, but often these places within the line of sight are more likely to be neglected. It is absolutely brilliant for a male car owner to hide his baby behind the screen. The key is convenient location, and bring it when you reach it.

　　In the interlayer of skylight sunshade curtain

　　Hiding index: ★★★★★☆.

　　Compared with the rear of the display mentioned above, the skylight sunshade interlayer is safer, and the area that 99% car owners will not touch is basically very low, and the advantage of convenient location is taken into account. However, this position can be seen directly through the skylight glass, so female car owners must pay attention.

　　Under the carpet

　　Hiding index: ★★☆☆☆

　　Under the carpet is also a very hidden position, but this position belongs to the footrest position, so it is easy to get dirty, and it will be opened and cleaned every time the car is washed, so the possibility of hiding in this position is relatively low, but it is necessary to pay attention to male car owners who don’t like car washing.

　　Back of brake pedal

　　Hiding index: ★★★★★★★

　　The accelerator brake is used every time you drive. For most people, this place is not a container, so it is impossible to hide things subconsciously. But for automatic transmission models, the brake pedal is relatively large, so the position on the back is just enough to hide things. Suspicious wives may wish to check it.

　　Central control T-zone decorative board

　　Hiding index: ★★★★★☆.

　　For finding the secret of the car, many wives will first check the glove box, but often there is no result. But if your husband likes to modify the central control, then the carbon fiber decorative board of the central control can be well checked.

　　Well, this issue of wife detective is purely entertainment. Xiaoyan still hopes that lovers in the world can be happy forever, and also reminds male friends that they must not do anything that is sorry for their partners, otherwise Xiaoyan will often give advice to the sisters. Remember to look good!

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Know the car in 30 seconds. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

(Editor: HN666)

How to influence the global creative network with national cultural language？

For centuries, the relationship between blacks inside and outside the African continent has been very complicated, and a history full of pain, slavery, separation and sometimes suspicion has closely linked them. However, this relationship is also developing in a positive direction. In 1964, Malcolm X visited Ghana and gave a speech at a university. At that time, he said, "I don’t feel like a tourist in Ghana or anywhere in Africa. It feels like home to me. It has been 400 years since I left this land, but this is not my intention or my wish. "

Nowadays, the connection between Africa’s growing young population and the black diaspora has become more direct. Driven by a lot of creative attempts and social media platforms such as TikTok, they inspired each other and their inspiration collided with each other. There are many such examples: Black Panther and other films have resonated, but artists such as KehindeWiley and Omar Victor Diop have created spectacular portraits of people, and Nigerian hilarious popular movies are popular in Europe and the Caribbean. There are also African pop songs by Kenyan band Sauti Sol and African beats by singers Tems, Burna Boy and Mr Eazi-in 2022 alone, African beat musicians played more than 13 billion times on Spotify.

The writer Nnedi Okorafor told us: "I will not distinguish the black diaspora from the black people on the African continent. What I am telling is the story of black people, the story of black people all over the world, and the story of this group of black people. Over the years, my personal definition of black expatriates living abroad is: every black person on earth. "

The mixed-race singer and model from Congo and China has 1.6 million fans on Weibo.

??Johnny Chiang

In a country that pays attention to "integration into the collective", Zhong Feifei stands out. The singer and model said in her home in Shanghai: "The world often tells mixed-race people that our existence is’ 50-50 split’-we are incomplete, or incomplete enough. But I feel that I am 100% Congolese and 100% Chinese. As long as you handle your own identity, any hybrid can have great power. "

In recent decades, millions of China workers have moved to the African continent, and about 500,000 African immigrants live in China. Zhong Feifei is 28 years old, her mother is Chinese, and her late father is Congolese. As a new generation in this global economic trend, she spent her childhood in two different countries. After being born in Guangzhou, she spent the first few years in the Republic of Congo. Due to the civil war in Congo, when Zhong Feifei was 5 years old, her parents sent her to Shanghai and raised her by her "very traditional grandmother in China".

At the age of 14, Zhong Feifei left China to live with her mother in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. There, she fell in love with African beat musicians such as Burna Boy and Davido and the music of TPOK Jazz. In 2014, at the age of 18, she went to Boston University to study. After the outbreak of COVID-19, she returned to China, studied online and obtained a master’s degree in global security studies from Johns Hopkins University. At the same time, she participated in the popular reality show "Creation Camp 2020". Zhong Feifei didn’t make her debut as a group in the end, but as the first mixed-race black player, her appearance caused a storm on social media and gained the attention of 1.6 million users in Weibo.

Zhong Feifei said: "I used to want to work in a non-governmental organization, but now I think I can play a greater role in the field of pop culture as a representative of’ black Asian’, whether in China or elsewhere-even in Hollywood."

Nkuli Mlangeni-Berg, a South African textile designer

??Patricia Reyes for The New York Times

Nine years ago, when Nkuli Mlangeni-Berg, a South African textile designer, went to South America to study fabrics, he found the imprint from the motherland. She met Mario Quispe, an indigenous craftsman in Lima, Peru. Quespe shared with her his Quechua subculture weaving technology: the geometric patterns woven by weft and warp on the hand loom are very similar to the colorful textiles that Ndebele people like to place at home, and M Langini-Berg is also the descendant of Ndebele people.

After Langini Berg returned to South Africa, he decided to continue their cross-cultural communication.

In search of handmade textiles, she trekked across southern Africa and finally came to a small town on the edge of the Karoo Desert in South Africa. There are a group of women in that small town who, like Quespee, still retain the technology handed down from their ancestors. Langini-Berg brought their works to The Nine Vites, a cooperative studio she founded in 2012, which mainly produces carpets, blankets, pillows, artworks and ceramics. Most of the design of the studio is hand-woven by Peruvian and South African craftsmen with Angora goat hair, alpaca hair and wool. One of their earliest works, Sankara Carpet, was selected as "the most beautiful thing" in South Africa by Design Indaba (a global event held in South Africa every year) in 2017.

Langini-Berg often travels to mansker Raal, where her great-grandmother used to be a traditional psychotherapist in the Ndebele community. Langini-Berg said, "Textiles play a very important role in every ceremony in our family. For example, you will get a blanket when you are born, a blanket when you reach a certain age or adulthood, and the coffin will be wrapped in a blanket after you die. "

Top: carpets made by the Ninevites.

Bottom: the Ninevites cooperative studio members take a group photo.

??the Ninevites

Her design refers to the geometric patterns of Ndebele culture, the traditional beads and fabrics of Swati, and the innovation of her parents’ generation-they decorated their houses with homemade straw mats during apartheid in South Africa and cut their old clothes themselves. Tim Langini-Berg pointed out: "At home, design is to make full use of what you have."

Langini-Berg moved to Sweden in 2020, where she continued her textile research as a master student. She paid special attention to how the African-American art movement in the 20th century pursued its connection with Africa. She said: "I really want to know, apart from the common suffering, what binds us as a nation."

Langini-Berg is now highly sought after by the international market. Despite this, she still focuses on developing new cooperation with Africa. The Ninevites cooperated with Algerian artist Walid Bouchouchi to design two carpets for Swedish home improvement brand Svenskt Tenn. In addition, the pattern designed by Langini Berg has appeared on the cover of the novel Glory by Zimbabwean writer Nova Hollette bulawayo.

Looking back on her journey across the mainland and her creative practice, Ms. Langini-Berg said: "We need to heal ourselves. All the ideas and feelings we received when we grew up, as well as those things that we must identify with as black artists, are stained with strong colonial colors, and now we want to erase them."

The Senegalese photographer reshaped the world’s imagination of Africa through the lens.

??Cédrine Scheidig for The New York Times

Senegalese photographer Omar Victor Diop has a famous portrait selfie. In this photo, he is wearing a suit and a luxurious paisley bow tie, ready to blow a yellow plastic whistle. This well-designed photo can easily arouse people’s memories of Frederick Douglass.

Diop is good at depicting the pain and hope of black people all over the world. He integrated history and costume elements into his works, focusing on the important role of blacks and Africans in world history; Praise the lofty dignity of African immigrants and refugees; The history of black protests from Selma March to Soweto Uprising in South Africa is skillfully woven together. And explore the impact of climate change on Africa and the southern part of the world. Through bold images, Diop interweaves the past and the present, and explores how African life and overseas diaspora experience interact.

One of Diop’s series works "Project Diaspora" (above) imitates the portrait of Frederick Douglass (below). Douglas was an important abolitionist, activist, writer and speaker in the 19th century. He was a fugitive slave and the first African-American to be nominated as the vice president of the United States.

??Omar Victor Diop

Today, Diop lives and works in Dakar and Paris. He said: "Everything African-Americans do is still African, but they may not realize it themselves. I am very surprised and fascinated by this. Sometimes when you see an African-American on a reality TV show, it’s like seeing your sister or aunt-because their way of speaking is just like speaking Wolof in Dakar, only translated into English. "

Diop is keen on creating connections and building communities with his works, and is willing to bridge the experience generation gap between different generations of African-American groups through history. He believes: "There are many inspiring stories on the African continent, which can resonate strongly at home, and they can bring the same effect in other places. We must create more exchanges and interactions, and we don’t know each other well enough. "

Born in Dakar in 1980, Diop studied finance in Senegal and France, and worked in corporate communication departments in Dakar, Nairobi and Lagos for several years. He became a full-time artist more than ten years ago. He inherited the strong tradition of portrait photography in West African studios by artists such as Mama Casset (Senegal), Malick Sidibé (Mali) and Samuel Fosso (Nigeria), but he was not limited to this: whenever he started a project, Diop would read the relevant information of the subject crazily, talk to historians and even try to recreate the theme.

Diop hopes to show how the inspirational stories of black people in different centuries and continents are interrelated and influenced each other. He said: "The fashionable visual experience and symbolic language are my tools to sneak into the audience’s heart. Those eye-catching appearances can help me cover up the heaviness of the topic, and they are also a way for me to actively praise these memories."

Nidi Okolaf is good at finding creative inspiration from African heritage, history and mythology.

??Chanell Stone for The New York Times

In early 2023, Nnedi Okorafor signed a seven-figure contract for her latest novel The Africanfuturist, realizing a dream that had been brewing for 30 years. The book is scheduled to be published in 2025, which is the type of story that 49-year-old Okolaf has always wanted to try. She said that when she first started writing in the early 2000s, it was impossible to sell such stories. At that time, American publishers were at a loss about her stories, because many of them combined African folklore with science fiction, fantasy novels and magical realism. They repeatedly rejected Okolaf’s works on the grounds that they might confuse readers or fail to arouse understanding and resonance.

However, it turns out that as long as the right audience is found, Okolaf’s works will make people want to stop. Under her guidance, a new generation of African-American writers began to seek creative inspiration from their African heritage, history and mythology.

Okolaf, who lives in Phoenix, Arizona, has always regarded himself as a bridge between two cultures. She was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Nigerian parents. Her parents insisted, "We are Americans, but we will always be Nigerians, and we want to keep this bond forever."

Mami Wata is a good and evil African mythological figure, which means "water god" or "mother of water". The picture shows Mami Wata written by Senegalese artist Zoumana Sane.

Photo by ??Zoumana Sane/Don Cole

From the sci-fi fantasy novel Who Fears Death set in the end of Africa to Marvel Comics’s Panther trilogy, this fetter has always been the core of Kaulaf’s works. She has done extensive research for every book, and rooted her fantasy stories in traditional West African myths: for example, her "Akata" trilogy tells the story of a Nigerian-American albino girl with magical power, and the mermaid-like mythological characters Mami Wata, Oded, trickster Ekwensu and Nsibidi appear in the book.

As more and more publishers begin to accept the artistic and commercial value of African stories, this island, which once lost Okolaf and similar writers, has now become beautiful and lively. Okolav said: "Although my body has been separated from the African continent, I still have close ties with this land. This fetter may be unstable and difficult to grasp; And it is not so clear, but this roundabout and complicated emotion is very powerful. "

Eber’s twin sisters draw inspiration from multi-cultures.

??Ricardo Nagaoka for The New York Times

In Adama Ebo and Adamma Ebo and Adanne Ebo’s first feature film, they aimed at the black church-specifically, the southern black church. In the vibrant cultural and spiritual expression of the church, the twin sisters unexpectedly found that this has an amazing connection with their father’s native Nigeria.

Adama said in a recent interview: "People always say, write what you know." She is the writer and director of Honk For Jesus. Save Your Soul, and her twin sister Adan is the producer of this film. Horn for Jesus, Save Your Soul, starring Sterling K. Brown K. Brown and Regina Hall. Brown plays the fallen priest of a super-large church in Atlanta, and Hull plays his pious and powerful wife. While making people laugh, this satirical mockumentary also conveys sympathy and reflection on the church community and the invisible female labor behind it.

Horn for Jesus, Save Your Soul is full of satire on the large church. Screenshot of the movie.

??Steve Swisher/Focus Features

Adama commented on Nigeria and the southern United States in this way: "There are many differences in culture between the two places, but there are also many similarities." "The church is one of them (similar culture)." She added. The Ebo sisters’ mother is American and their father is Nigerian. They grew up in Atlanta, so they were influenced by the black culture in the southern United States, and at the same time they carried the cultural background of Nigeria.

Adama and Adan fell in love with movies because of the classic animation Kiki’s Delivery Service and the film they called "the classic of African-American community". Like their mothers, they graduated from a black university with a long history in the southern United States. Although they have never been to Nigeria and can’t speak their father’s native language, Igbo, it is undeniable that they grew up in a family full of Nigerian culture. Adama said: "We grew up as African children, but in the eyes of our Nigerian compatriots, we are definitely not’ Africa’."

The Michelin chef always has French, West African and Japanese flavors on his menu.

??Felipe Romero Beltrán for The New York Times

Mory Sacko’s Michelin-starred restaurant MoSuke is located in Paris. The menu includes steamed tea bowls, Attié ?ké poisson (a classic Ivorian fish dish with fermented cassava flour), plantain with foie gras (albufera) and caviar. Although the diners are located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, they don’t know that the perfect balance of salt, acid, fat and distinctive African elements in the mouth will soon lead them to start a wonderful taste journey-this is the characteristic of this French chef Sacco who claims to be of Malian origin and deeply loves Japanese culture. He said: "When you taste all the dishes on the menu, it’s like completing a trip."

So-the reservation for ——MoSuke restaurant has been arranged for several months. In the first year of its opening in 2020, this restaurant won the first Michelin star of French cuisine in West Africa and Central Africa. In 2021, French President Emmanuel Macron invited Sacco to cook a banquet for African leaders, and his cooking shone brilliantly in the diplomatic field. Sacco is also a frequent visitor to French TV programs: he participated in the French version of "master chef" as a contestant and also appeared in "Cuisine Ouverte" as a host.

Pépé soup produced by Mori Sacco.

??Felipe Romero Beltrán for The New York Times

Sacco, 32, grew up in the suburbs of Paris. He is the sixth child in his family and the first child born in France. But his snacks are still West African dishes from Mali, C? te d ‘Ivoire, Senegal, Guinea and Gabon. He said: "I was born and raised in France. I am a the French, but I also have my roots." In childhood, Sacco found another hobby of his own: Japanese comics. Soon, he discovered his favorite characters’ favorite foods, which were quite exotic to him as a teenager. Attracted by Japanese cooking techniques and traditional cooking norms, 14-year-old Sacco entered cooking school. The name of MoSuke restaurant combines Sacco’s name "Mory Mori" with the name "Yasuke Misuke", the only African-American warrior in Japanese history.

After working in major restaurants in Paris for ten years, Sacco began to think about how to present his identity with food. France has a long tradition of food, and he hopes to record the food in West Africa in the same way. He tried to recreate his mother’s Mali maafé stew, a beef dish simmered in peanut butter with peppers, tomatoes and other vegetables. Unexpectedly, it was not until he added an ingredient that obviously did not belong to Africa-miso, that this dish finally showed his own flavor. Sacco is reluctant to use the term "fusion". He said: "I tend to use more subtle expressions, such as’ communication and dialogue between different cultures’."

Loko hopes to convey through the exhibition that "creativity is not the privilege of the northern hemisphere."

??Ronan McKenzie for The New York Times

Venice is an ancient city with a classical temperament, but the Architecture Biennale in 2023 invited the audience to a "future lab". This is the first time that the Venice Architecture Biennale has focused on African and black expatriates in the past 40 years. The curator of this Biennale is Lesley Lokko, a Scottish architect, scholar and novelist of Ghanaian origin. She is also the first African-American curator of the Venice Architecture Biennale.

Rocco, 61, is the founder of African Futures Institute. African Futures Institute is an architectural institution integrating teaching, research and public activities in Accra, Ghana. Rocco has taught in South Africa, Britain and the United States, and is committed to promoting western institutions to think about African, racial and cultural identities and their relationship with physical space. Rocco said that the core topic around which she planned the Venice Biennale was: What does it mean to be a meaningful change agent in the 21st century?

Loko pointed out: "At present, the mainstream narrative often ignores the perspective from the southern part of the world and regards imagination and creativity as the privilege of the northern world. However, despite the enormous challenges brought by the natural environment, Africa is still a fertile ground full of creativity. This makes Africa an important fulcrum of our research, which helps us to further explore climate, social changes, new forms of governance and many other key issues that will dominate social development in the next century. "

In 2021, only one third of the exhibitors of Venice Architecture Biennale came from outside Europe and the United States. In 2023, from South Africa and Burkina Faso to Nigeria and Rwanda, more than half of the 89 exhibitors came from Africa or were black expatriates. Rocco said that many participants in the Venice Architecture Biennale have one thing in common, that is, they have the ability to "transform"-they can adapt to different cultures and backgrounds and extend the traditional definition of architecture.

She Loko will also "transform". Her childhood was spent in Dundee, Scotland, England and Accra, Ghana: "Scotland makes me tremble with cold, while Ghana is extremely hot." After becoming an architect, she finally had the opportunity to find her own position in the cross-cultural confusion of her childhood. Now, she regards her teaching work as a happy "comfort zone". Loko is full of expectations for the continuous progress in the field of architecture, and in the future, the change will no longer be limited to a binary opposition of the West or the North. She pointed out: "Now the world needs to realize that creativity driven by demand has immeasurable value."

Ruth E. Carter introduced African futurism into mainstream fashion.

?? Gioncarlo Valentine for The New York Times

Ruth E. Ruth E. Carter said: "Fashion designers are storytellers first." Carter is 64 years old. The film Black Panther in 2018 made her the first black man to win the Oscar for Best Fashion Design. In March, 2023, she won the second Oscar again with Panther 2, becoming the first fashion designer to win both the original film and its sequel.

The Wa Kanda world in Black Panther is a fictional African kingdom that has never experienced colonization. Carter’s design draws lessons from indigenous cultures all over the African continent: before making, she collected various tribal cultural relics, including the masks of the Maridogon, the crowns of the Simba people in Namibia, the beadwork of the Masai people in Kenya and the necklaces worn by the Ndebele women in South Africa. Carter also drew inspiration from the ideas of contemporary African fashion designers such as Laduma Ngsocorro, founder of South African knitting brand MaXhosa Africa, and Ozwald Boateng, a Ghanaian-born British tailor. He also went to the African Punk Music Festival in Johannesburg to inspect street clothes and learn about the latest trends with his eyes.

Carter won the Oscar for Best Fashion Design with Black Panther (2018). Her inspiration sources include the artist Romare Bearden (middle picture), whose collage influenced her creation in Spike Lee’s films, and the African Punk Music Festival (lower picture), which contributed to her conception of "Panther" films.

Screenshot of the movie Black Panther

Carter said: "African aesthetics, whether now or in the past, has never been single." Constantly exploring has almost become a habit of this designer. There is no doubt that she shaped the expression of black historical and cultural stories on the big screen. Carter, who lives in Los Angeles, said: "Representing culture and representing yourself (voice) has never been a burden, but a pleasure; I will also feel the pressure, but this’ pressure to do this well’ is more like a sense of mission. "

Carter was raised by his mother alone in Massachusetts, the youngest of eight children. In 1986, she moved to Los Angeles, where she met the director Spike Lee. The first film she participated in was School Daze in 1988, which was one of the many films she collaborated with Spike Lee.

Top: Screenshot of the movie "Do the Right Thing" directed by Spike Lee.

Bottom: Romare Bearden’s 1980 work Morning of the Rooster is famous for his collage depicting city life and the American South.

??Romare Bearden

Even when it is not designed for African futurism, Carter always looks for inspiration from African and black diaspora. When designing clothing styles for time films, she will refer to The Image of the Black in Western Art; Many of her works with Spike Lee refer to the works of the artist Romare Bearden; The costume modeling of Mo’ Better Blues focuses on the personal styles of jazz musicians such as Dexter Gordon, Thelonious Monk and Miles Davis.

Carter said: "It is very important for me to draw inspiration from real people or things. I dug up those tiny humanistic details and applied them to my role. " Carter’s designs not only aggregate the characteristics of black expatriates living abroad, but also promote the African futuristic style into the mainstream fashion world through the costume modeling in Black Panther and other films. Carter said: "We respect culture, and at the same time we are pushing it forward."

Nigerian musician Mr Eazi lets more people see Africa through music.

??Rasaan Wyzard for The New York Times

"Where is home?" For Nigerian musician Mr Eazi, this is not a simple question. "On the plane." When he was interviewed by video in new york, he made a joke and then said with awe, "I think the place where my family is is home, so my home is sometimes in Accra, sometimes in London, Cotonou, Lagos and Dubai."

Mr Eazi, whose original name is Oluwatosin Oluwole Ajibade, is 32 years old and was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, but his life and career are closely related to the world outside his motherland. Mr Eazi entered the recording studio for the first time when he was in college, and his stage name "Mr Eazi" came from this. It is said that he would stop fighting in the recording studio: "Relax, don’t be nervous."

In 2016, he was invited by rapper Lauryn Hill to perform in Brooklyn. He also sang the soundtrack of The Lion King in 2019, and worked with Colombian singer J Balvin, Puerto Rican rapper Bad Bunny, Jamaican musicians Popcaan, Nicki Minaj and Diplo. In the middle and late 2010s, Mr Eazi became popular with catchy African Afrobeats such as "Skin Tight" and "Legover".

Above: MV screenshot of Mr Eazi & Major Lazer-Legover (Remix)

Next: Mr Eazi commissioned the artist Sesse Elangwe to create the work "The Way I See It" for the single "Chop Time, No Friend".

??Sesse Elangwe/Choplife

He called his early works "Banku", which is a type of music that combines Ghanaian upper-class music and Nigerian chords. His initial success was when Nigerian musicians such as WizKid entered the western audience’s field of vision, which was partly due to social media and the recommendation of international musicians and black expatriates. Lawrence Burney wrote an article for Vice in 2016: "Many of the hottest African beat musicians use cheerful sound rhythms, and Mr Eazi gives dance music a lyrical quality with his low humming."

The African community in Britain is crucial to the early success of Mr Eazi. Mr Eazi said: "After I left Ghana, the first place to accept my music was England." Young black students were the first audience attracted by his music. He said: "These students defined’ cool’ in their minds and embraced their African identity. This is the cornerstone of the development of African diaspora music. "

Written by Abdi Latif Dahir

Veronica Chambers/Elizabeth Paton

Desiree Ibekwe/Abdi Latif Dahir

Charlie Brinkhurst-Cuff

Lynsey Chutel/Precious Adesina

Editor: Yang Ruiting

Translation: Qian Gongyi @ Panda Translation Agency

Global chip event! Big changes are coming？ It is said that Qualcomm intends to acquire Intel.

　　Global chip event!

　　According to the latest news, Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm, personally participated in the negotiation of acquiring Intel and studied various options for the transaction. A person familiar with the matter warned that the uncertainty of this acquisition transaction is so great that even if Intel is willing to accept it, such a large-scale transaction will almost certainly be subject to antitrust review.

　　Analysts pointed out that if Qualcomm’s acquisition of Intel is finally successful, it will become one of the largest technology mergers and acquisitions in history, and Intel’s total market value is as high as 93.388 billion US dollars (about 660 billion yuan), which may lead to a major change in the competitive landscape of the global PC chip market.

　　At present, Intel is standing at the crossroads of life and death. Due to the thunder of performance, Intel’s share price has fallen by 56% during the year. At the same time, Intel is actively planning a plan to "save itself", which includes layoffs, divesting its chip foundry department, splitting product design and manufacturing business, and reducing factory investment projects.

　　Heavy chip

　　According to the Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, Qualcomm recently approached Intel about the acquisition. Stimulated by this news, Intel’s share price soared by over 9% in intraday trading on Friday, and Qualcomm’s share price plummeted by over 5%. At the close, Intel rose by 3.31% and Qualcomm fell by 2.87%.

　　According to the latest news from Reuters, Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm, personally participated in the negotiations to acquire Intel and studied various options for the transaction. However, the negotiations between Qualcomm and Intel are still in the early stage, and Qualcomm has not yet made a formal offer for Intel.

　　Representatives of Intel and Qualcomm declined to comment on the acquisition rumors.

　　People familiar with the matter warned that the negotiations were held in recent days, and the uncertainty of this acquisition transaction is very large at present. Even if Intel is willing to accept it, such a large-scale transaction will almost certainly be subject to antitrust review. But the deal may also be seen as an opportunity to enhance the competitive advantage of the United States in the chip field. In order to conclude the transaction, Qualcomm may intend to sell Intel’s assets or part of its business to other buyers.

　　Analysts pointed out that if Qualcomm’s acquisition of Intel is finally successful, it will become one of the biggest technology mergers and acquisitions in history. At present, Intel’s total market value is 93.388 billion US dollars (about 660 billion yuan), compared with Microsoft’s previous acquisition of Activision Blizzard, which cost about 69 billion US dollars.

　　It should be pointed out that Qualcomm’s core business is mainly smart phone chips, which firmly controls the market share of high-end mobile phone chips. In the second quarter of 2024, Qualcomm’s chip shipments accounted for 31%, but in recent years, it has been attacking the PC market.

　　Qualcomm recently announced that its Snapdragon X Plus 8-core processor adopts ARM architecture, saying that the processor is designed for PCs with a price as low as $700, and it has excellent performance in energy efficiency and battery life. Qualcomm has also established an exclusive partnership with Microsoft, and Copilot+ PC is equipped with Qualcomm X series chips.

　　Analysts believe that the rise of Qualcomm may mark a major change in the market structure of PC chips, and innovation focusing on artificial intelligence PCs will be more competitive. If Qualcomm succeeds in acquiring Intel, it may lead to a major change in the competitive landscape of the global PC chip market.

　　But at present, it is still very difficult for Qualcomm to acquire Intel. The two main difficulties are:

　　First, it is difficult for Qualcomm’s book funds to acquire Intel for the time being. Qualcomm’s financial report shows that as of June 23, 2024, Qualcomm’s cash and cash equivalents were only US$ 7.77 billion and securities were US$ 5.26 billion. This means that Qualcomm’s short-term available self-owned funds totaled $13.03 billion. Analysts said that if the merger is opened, Qualcomm’s cash and securities are far from enough to acquire Intel, unless other ways such as equity swap and institutional borrowing are adopted.

　　Second, the businesses of Qualcomm and Intel are spread all over the world’s major markets such as the United States, Europe and China. Once such a large-scale acquisition is started, it needs to be reviewed and approved by the anti-monopoly regulatory authorities of various countries. Anti-monopoly review often lasts for more than half a year, and mergers and acquisitions may fail if the regulatory authorities of any country or region veto it. In recent years, Broadcom’s offer to Qualcomm and NVIDIA’s offer to ARM were both cancelled under the pressure of national security and anti-monopoly.

　　Guo Ming Tan, a well-known analyst at Tianfeng International, said that the acquisition of Intel will only help Qualcomm’s AI PC chip business. However, from Microsoft’s commitment to WoA (its latest Surface models all adopt Qualcomm processor /ARM architecture), it is only a matter of time before Qualcomm grows up in the PC market. This merger will exert great financial pressure on Qualcomm, and it will have an immediate negative impact on profitability. The net interest rate may drop from the current 20%+ to single digits or even lose money (wafer foundry business is the biggest burden). In addition, considering the anti-monopoly investigations in various countries, it is difficult to complete this merger in a short time. So, if this merger happens, it will be a disaster for Qualcomm.

　　Intel’s moment of life and death

　　On the other hand, Intel, which is deeply mired in the biggest crisis since its establishment, is standing at the crossroads of life and death.

　　Intel used to be the world’s largest chip manufacturer, but its business situation has gone from bad to worse in recent years, and it showed an accelerated decline in 2024. In August this year, it released a financial report that disappointed the market, which was called "the worst earnings report ever" by analysts. This directly led to the biggest one-day decline in the company’s share price in more than 50 years. Up to now, the cumulative decline during the year has reached 56%.

　　At the same time, Intel also announced that it will lay off about 15,000 people, accounting for more than 15% of the company’s total employees, and suspend dividends from the fourth quarter of this year, which is the first time since 1992.

　　At present, Intel is actively planning a plan to "save itself", which includes splitting its product design and manufacturing business and cutting down factory investment projects. Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs are long-term partners of Intel, and they are providing them with all-round strategic advice, including potential mergers and acquisitions.

　　Recently, Pat Gelsinger, CEO of Intel, outlined the planned cost-cutting measures in a memo to employees. These measures mainly include: Intel will suspend factory projects in Germany and Poland; Consider withdrawing its chip packaging and testing business in Malaysia; Streamline and simplify the x86 product portfolio; By the end of this year, two-thirds of the global offices will be reduced or withdrawn.

　　Intel previously promised to spend $36 billion to build a chip factory in Germany, $4.6 billion to build a chip factory in Poland and $7 billion to build a factory in Malaysia.

　　As a core component of Intel’s cost-cutting measures, Intel plans to split its chip foundry department into an independent subsidiary and add an operating board. Gelsinger said that after the business is independent, it can evaluate independent sources of funds and introduce external financing.

　　According to the forecast data released by Intel, after the spin-off of wafer manufacturing business, the cost will be saved by $3 billion in 2023 and $8 billion to $10 billion in 2025.

　　According to Gelsinger, this is the most important transformation of Intel in more than 40 years, and he hopes to use this opportunity to build a stronger Intel in the coming decades.

　　Intel will release two products, Lunar Lake and Panther Lake, and the market is waiting to see if this will be Intel’s last chance.

FAW-Volkswagen demonstrates its determination to transform and promote the strategic layout of ＂oil and electricity mixed together＂

From "joint venture aircraft carrier" to "smart power cutting edge", where does FAW-Volkswagen’s transformation come from?

Under the spotlight of the 2025 Shanghai Auto Show, FAW-Volkswagen demonstrated the joint venture giant’s determination to "sail at full speed" with a high-density media communication meeting. From the "invisible king" of the fuel car market to the "breaker" of the new energy track, Wu Yingkai, deputy general manager of FAW-Volkswagen (business), secretary of the Party Committee and general manager of FAW-Volkswagen Sales Co., Ltd., led the core team to face the changes in the industry, from technological innovation to strategic transformation, from service upgrading to localization, and talked about it all the time …

This communication meeting is really not simple. It not only unveiled the brand transformation card of the joint venture, but also showed the determination of FAW-Volkswagen to "lead the trend" in the stormy waves.

"Look at the past pessimistically, look at the future optimistically": the strategic strength behind the U-turn of the aircraft carrier

"If we take the past as the frame of reference, the present may be the most difficult year, but it may also be the easiest year in the future." Facing the media’s concern about the decline of joint venture brand share, Wu Yingkai summed up the mentality of FAW-Volkswagen in one sentence-"look at the past pessimistically and look at the future optimistically".

It is a foregone conclusion that the fuel vehicle market will shrink, but Wu Yingkai bluntly said: "The scale of 10 million fuel vehicles is still the long-term basic market in China, and the moat of FAW-Volkswagen has never wavered." The data shows that in March this year, the sales volume of FAW-Volkswagen fuel vehicles increased by 1.4% against the trend, and the market share increased by 1.1 percentage points, ranking among the top joint venture brands. In Wu Yingkai’s view, the advantages of fuel vehicles must be "adhered to", but the great ship of transformation has already turned around: "From 2026, we will launch nine new energy vehicles, covering pure electricity, plug-in and hybrid, with the goal of’ not losing the advantages of oil and not letting the opportunities of electricity’."

This transformation is not only the iteration of products, but also the reconstruction of the system. Wu Yingkai used the story of Wolfsburg to prove his localization determination: in the past, Volkswagen’s car styling was dominated by Germany, but recently, Volkswagen decided on the styling of a certain car-the design team of Wolfsburg and the Chinese design team made proposals at the same time, and finally, the styling proposal of the Chinese team was adopted.

Volkswagen’s R&D rhythm has changed from "global collaboration" to "China leading", and even the development efficiency has increased by over 30%. Wu Yingkai revealed that German Volkswagen executives also deeply felt this. "They are prepared for danger in times of peace, and they are not complacent. They don’t think that Volkswagen brands are selling well in other parts of the world, so they think they are doing well. That’s not true. Therefore, it is based on this thinking that our shareholders very much recognize such a direction and must conduct research and development based on local market demand. "

Undoubtedly, the uniqueness of China market is forcing global giants to change the rules of the game. The future public must be a "more China" public.

"Technologist" and "Space King Bombing": Hard Power Behind the Sword Show at Auto Show

At this year’s auto show, FAW-Volkswagen, with the slogan of "new technology leading, new products leading and new appearance", presented two killer weapons-the world’s first ID. AURA concept car and the brand-new "space power double king bombing", and directly fired at the new energy and fuel vehicle markets at the same time.

It is not only Volkswagen’s first pure electric compact car based on CMP platform, but also equipped with CEA electronic and electrical architecture, which can be seamlessly integrated with artificial intelligence cockpit, intelligent driver assistance system and other technologies, bringing smarter interconnection experience, faster response speed and more advanced cockpit intelligent experience. Wu Yingkai believes that the design of this car is younger, more dynamic and more energetic, which can meet the needs of young families in China.

ID.AURA has a number of "black technologies", such as the industry’s first intelligent music glass, which uses nano-ceramic technology to transform the front and rear windshields and awnings into invisible sound field units. Compared with traditional speaker systems, the energy consumption has dropped by 72%. On the mechanical level, CMP platform can be said to be the latest future platform integrating the current core technologies of Volkswagen brand. Because of its long wheelbase and short front and rear suspension, the wheelbase of compact models will exceed 2800mm, which will give the products ample internal space.

The combination of CMP electric platform and CEA electronic and electrical architecture will not only inject more powerful and sustainable intelligent genes into FAW-Volkswagen’s future models, but also lead the technological leap of intelligent electric, and also improve the speed of FAW-Volkswagen’s products from research and development to listing by more than 30%, realizing the real "China speed"; At the same time, the comfortable and intelligent cockpit developed by FAW-Volkswagen will also be officially unveiled at the auto show. This smart cockpit is oriented to the real needs of China users under the background of FAW-Volkswagen’s deep participation in the definition and research and development of localized goods, and is led by FAW-Volkswagen team.

In the fuel car camp, FAW-Volkswagen "shows muscles" with its brand-new territory. As "Volkswagen’s largest SUV in the world", this flagship SUV with a car length of over 5.2 meters and a wheelbase of nearly 3 meters has set a new space record at the same level with a "room occupancy rate" of 87.2%. The fifth-generation EA888 engine equipped with it will increase power by 23.5%, but reduce fuel consumption by 3.7%. It not only meets the travel needs of families with many children, but also can conquer the performance party with "the strongest 2.0T on the surface". As Wu Yingkai said, in the field of fuel vehicles, FAW-Volkswagen Volkswagen brand is undoubtedly still the "head leader".

Wu Yingkai said: "In the new era of intelligent travel, we don’t want to be distant showmen, but just be within our reach, so that our users can truly experience the scientific and technological achievements that are practical, easy to use and dare to use."

"Double Lifetime Warranty" and "Craftsman’s Heart Service": The quality of the paper is the open plan.

When the industry is caught in the melee between "price war" and "intelligent driving war", FAW-Volkswagen has chosen a more difficult track at present-"quality and service". In March of this year, FAW-Volkswagen took the lead in launching the "Double Lifetime Warranty" (complete vehicle+original spare parts) for all fuel SUVs, covering ten core systems, and promised "nationwide warranty and unlimited mileage".

The original intention of double lifetime warranty is to really benefit users, not simply to stimulate sales. Wu Yingkai bluntly said. In the current price war of "involution" in the industry, FAW-Volkswagen chooses to replace price reduction with service value-added and reduce the cost of users’ cars with the promise of "worry-free life". Dare to do "open plan" because FAW-Volkswagen has the confidence-34 years of quality accumulation, extremely low product failure rate, and the calculation cost is lower than the industry. Wu Yingkai admits that some car companies may find it difficult to follow up because of insufficient data and high cost, but he also calls on the industry to jump out of "price internal friction" and turn to "healthy involution" centered on users. Wu Yingkai expressed the hope that through such a policy, the industry will be "a little more in the volume dimension", rather than purely the volume price, so that the industry can develop more healthily.

The "capillary" of service network has also become the core competitiveness of FAW-Volkswagen. At present, FAW-Volkswagen has nearly 900 dealers from Lhasa Plateau to first-tier cities, and 90% of them have cooperated for more than 20 years. Facing the marketing of new energy vehicles in the future, Wu Yingkai believes that from the current experience of China automobile market, there is no universal model for direct sales and agency, and "what is suitable is right", and FAW-Volkswagen will not stick to a certain model. He also said that FAW-Volkswagen is "studying another direction". According to the regional flexible adaptation model, "different provinces and different urban models may be different."

"Oil and electricity mixed together" and "long-term doctrine": don’t be a sailboat, be a giant ship.

Wu Yingkai’s response to the discussion that "joint venture shares have bottomed out" is full of dialectics: he believes that foreign brands are indeed lagging behind in the new energy track, which is an objective reality. The structural impact of new energy is irreversible, but the share of joint venture brands in the field of fuel vehicles has always been leading, occupying an absolute advantage. Once the joint venture brand fills the shortcomings of electrification, it will still have a new development opportunity and return to the "main stage" of China auto market.

He even called for diluting the boundary between joint venture and autonomy. "In today’s globalization and the current global competition in trade wars, it is even more important to realize that the joint venture car is also a China car, made in Chinese, and the future products are designed by more Chinese, and Chinese is also supported." Wu Yingkai said with a smile, in his view, there is no distinction between joint venture and independence. "A car suitable for China is a good car, and an enterprise that makes a car suitable for China consumers is a good enterprise.".

With the layout of more new energy products in the future, FAW-Volkswagen will go further and further on the road of mixed oil and electricity. Starting from 2026, FAW-Volkswagen brand will launch 10 brand-new models in several market segments based on the strategy of "fuel-electric hybrid, fuel-electric hybrid and all-intelligence", including 5 pure electric models, 2 plug-in hybrids, 2 hybrids and 1 brand-new fuel model. Wu Yingkai said that what FAW-Volkswagen has to do is a real "all-round battle": "The advantages of oil are not lost, the opportunities of electricity are not allowed, the efficiency of hybrid is not lacking, and the intelligent experience is not weak."

In the brutal market competition, in order to maintain long-term sustainable development, Wu Yingkai believes that we must also adhere to customer-centered long-term and altruism. On the strategic level, FAW-Volkswagen’s "long-term" runs through the whole value chain: from setting up customer care funds to responding quickly to the needs of car owners, from "user scenario definition" in research and development to "zero compromise quality control" in production. Wu Yingkai took the ID model as an example: 436 safety verifications were carried out from batteries, modules to battery packs. In terms of battery life test, there were as many as 1,600 charge and discharge tests before listing. "FAW-Volkswagen never treats customers as’ mice’."

"Longevity is not a slogan, but an action logic that persists and goes deep into every link of building a car; Altruism is not a gesture, but our unreserved and sincere commitment to our customers. Therefore, here we also call on industry brother brands, and everyone must also adhere to long-term and altruism. " Wu Yingkai made such a statement. At the same time, he also contacted the recent unhealthy trend of the relevant departments to rectify the "involution" and false propaganda of the industry-from the introduction of the "strictest power battery safety order in history" to the strengthening of the supervision of intelligent driving by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and stepping on the "sudden brake", which is completely consistent with FAW-Volkswagen’s concept and values of building cars. He said that FAW-Volkswagen "very much welcomes such requirements from the state and relevant departments, which is the real customer-centered and long-term behavior."

"In the sea of stars in the automobile industry, FAW-Volkswagen will not be a sailboat that follows the trend, but will become a giant ship that breaks the wind and waves and leads the trend!" Wu Yingkai said.

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Data will never lie. In March 2025, FAW-Volkswagen sold 154,000 vehicles, and the sales of fuel vehicles increased by 1.4% year-on-year. Among them, Volkswagen brand sold 87,000 vehicles, and the share of fuel vehicles increased by 1.1 percentage points year-on-year.

A hundred battles are fought, and those who struggle are the first; Qian Fan competes, and the brave one wins. As Wu Yingkai said at the end of the communication meeting, the "aircraft carrier" FAW-Volkswagen has set sail at full speed. There may be stormy waves ahead, but 34 years of quality accumulation, the trust of 20 million users and the deep binding between Chinese and German shareholders are enough for it to continue to break the waves.

Double 11 observed：＂Quiet＂ double 11, waiting for an inflection point.

On November 11th, this shopping festival, which started one month in advance, finally ushered in a "positive day". From consumers to businesses, the word that reporters hear the most is: quiet. That’s true. In previous years, shortly after the bell rang at 0: 00 on November 11th, "good news" frequently came from major electric merchants. However, this year, most platforms have chosen not to announce the specific transaction amount of double 11, and a series of late battle reports only tacitly indicate that "sales are still growing"-today’s double 11 seems to have really reached an inflection point.

From "Choose One from Two" to "Lowest Price"

Every year in double 11, it is accompanied by smoke, and this year is no exception.

This year, Tmall declared that "the lowest price of the whole network" is the core goal; Xin Lijun, CEO of JD.COM Retail, said: "It’s really cheap, close your eyes and buy"; Pinduoduo said, "It’s really cheap every day". The smell of smoke is full.

"It is easy to form vicious competition between merchants. I sell 16 pieces and he sells 15 pieces. The platform will definitely give traffic to the low price, but the problem is that the product quality is not necessarily the same, and bad money drives out good money." Some merchants said. In addition, what merchants are most afraid of is the exclusive "floor price agreement".

The so-called "floor price agreement" refers to the merchants.Promise to provide the lowest price of the whole domestic network for a specific platform during a specific promotion period.More than one e-commerce practitioner said that the "floor price agreement" is widespread, and the liquidated damages start from one million yuan.

This scene is a bit familiar. In 2015, on the eve of double 11, JD.COM reported to the State Administration of Market Supervision that Ali disturbed the order of the e-commerce market, saying that Ali asked the merchants on the platform not to participate in the promotion activities in JD.COM at the same time during their stay in double 11 that year, and a series called "Choose One from Two" began.

In 2018, Pinduoduo was also involved in the "two-choice" dispute. Pinduoduo accused Tmall of "choosing between two options" for merchants, which led to many merchants being forced to withdraw from activities in Pinduoduo, take off their goods and close their flagship stores. Tmall said that the "alternative" did not exist, and Pinduoduo was "touching porcelain".

"The e-commerce platform’ two choices one’ actually has no choice." A person in charge of a children’s wear brand said, "If you don’t choose a certain platform, you will be restricted by this platform immediately. We are targeting at brands that specialize in stocking online. This kind of blow is really great. But the fact is that only one platform can’t provide enough traffic. Of course, multi-platform development is the best. "

The turning point appeared in 2021. In that year, the State Administration of Market Supervision said that Alibaba Group abused its dominant position in the market and imposed a penalty of 18.228 billion yuan on the online retail platform service market in China.

When businessmen thought of faithful wife, they never thought that "choose one from two" would become a "bottom price agreement". Amid the smoke, some merchants have figured out an account: the daily operating profit is not high, but double 11 needs to hire anchors, buy traffic, and the platform’s pit fees … It is tantamount to "losing money and earning money". As a result, more and more businesses choose to "lie flat", and double 11 has gradually become the competition of head enterprises, and small and medium-sized businesses are increasingly marginalized.

Consumer: There is no answer to the "lowest price"

For consumers, double 11 is not only a choice between two, three, or even "multiple choices", because the "lowest price" also has a premise.

If you want the lowest price, you need to pay a deposit first and then enjoy the discount. Red envelopes, shopping vouchers and full reduction thresholds must meet the standards; Even the same product of the same merchant at the same time has different coupons, or whether it is a platform member, such as JD.COM Plus or Tmall 88VIP, or even different pages. For example, if you place an order through Taobao’s 10 billion subsidy page, the commodity prices may be different …

Therefore, for consumers, multi-platform price comparison is not enough. "Shuttling between major live broadcast rooms and switching back and forth between Tmall, JD.COM and Pinduoduo is my daily routine after work recently." Some consumers said.

There is also a criticized pre-sale mechanism: pay the deposit first, and then pay the final payment. In the eyes of consumers, each node needs to pay the time cost.In addition to waiting for the pre-sale, you must not forget the time of paying the final payment, otherwise the deposit will be difficult to return; Some consumers have found that the pre-sale price that they are waiting for is not the lowest price, and they feel "cheated".

"The wool is on the sheep. To put it bluntly, double 11 is a business after all. " Some merchants told reporters that the platform has to make money and the merchants have to make money. The thousand-layer "routine" is aimed at consumers’ wallets.

In 2009, Taobao tried "double 11" to create a shopping festival that has been popular for 15 years. Nowadays, double 11 comes earlier every year, but consumers are confused. How to buy the cheapest?

Double 11 needs "new connotation"

Do we still need double 11 today? The answer is still yes.

The 2023 double 11 Report released by Accenture, a consultancy, shows that with the recovery of consumption and the continuous release of consumption potential, China’s consumer market has a bright future. "double 11, as the largest online consumer node in the whole year, is undoubtedly a battleground for global consumer brands".

From the data point of view, as of the afternoon of November 11, Tmall had 402 brands with a turnover of over 100 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of over 38,000 brands exceeding 100%; JD.COM said that the cumulative sales of about 300 brands have exceeded 100 million yuan, and a large number of brands and businesses still maintain a high-speed sales growth trend.

Accenture believes that for brand merchants, double 11 is no longer just a sales peak, but also a special operation node. Stimulating user interest, improving user experience and enhancing user stickiness have become more critical competitive factors. Therefore, brands and platforms should inject new connotations into double 11.

The new connotation of double 11 is obviously not the "lowest price", but the healthy development of the whole industry and the establishment of a positive consumption cycle of "high-quality and low-price goods supply, meeting consumer demand and making money for businesses".

"double 11 has entered a platform period and reached a turning point where everyone wants to seek some kind of change. The dispute over low prices is obviously meaningless. This industry war will ultimately serve the technological and ecological development of the entire e-commerce industry. " Cui Lili, executive director of the Institute of Electronic Commerce of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said that today, the digital economy has become a key track for enterprise growth. Double 11, as a key node of online consumption, should perhaps be transformed from a shopping carnival into a testing ground for innovation capability of major platforms.

Development and Reform Commission introduces ＂Four Platforms＂ and answers reporters’ questions.

On Thursday, December 15th, 2016, at 9:30 am, the National Development and Reform Commission held a briefing on the online observation of the "four platforms" in the conference room on the third floor of the Central Annex Building of the National Development and Reform Commission. Relevant responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission attended the briefing and answered questions from reporters.

Briefing on Online Observation of "Four Platforms" of National Development and Reform Commission
China Net Guo Tianhu photo

【Zhao Chenxin, spokesperson of the National Development and Reform Commission】Good morning, journalists and friends. Welcome to the briefing on the online observation of the "four platforms" of our Committee. Also present today are Huang Yong, Deputy Director of the General Office of our Committee, Luo Guosan, Inspector of Investment Department, Dong Zhiming, Inspector of Price Supervision and Anti-Monopoly Bureau, Meng Wei, Deputy Inspector of Regulation Department, and Villi, Director of Finance and Economics Department. We invite you here today, mainly to observe and understand the functions and operation of the "four platforms" of our Committee with us.

We have introduced it many times on different occasions. The "four platforms" of our Committee mainly refer to the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, the national credit information sharing platform, the 12358 price supervision platform and the national public resource trading platform. Today’s observation meeting is divided into three parts. In the first part, I will introduce the overall situation for you. The second link is to demonstrate and introduce the function and operation of the platform on the spot. The third link is to answer questions that everyone cares about.

Zhao Chenxin, spokesperson of the National Development and Reform Commission, presided over the press conference.
China Net Guo Tianhu photo

Let me make an introduction first.

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the general goal of comprehensively deepening the reform, which is to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The new government has always called for more effective measures to promote streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services’s reform, break down the institutional obstacles that restrict enterprises and the masses to do business, focus on reducing institutional transaction costs, optimize the business environment, and stimulate market vitality and social creativity. Vigorously promoting the construction of the "four platforms" is an important measure for our Committee to accelerate the reform of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and it is also an important practice to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. "Four Platforms", as the platform carrier of our committee to adapt to the development trend of big data and "internet plus government affairs", actively innovated regulation, supervision and service, effectively promoted the re-engineering process and optimized service. After its completion and operation, it realized the leap of optimized service from version 1.0 to version 4.0, which played an important role in facilitating the masses, improving efficiency, strengthening supervision, expanding the openness of government affairs, and improving governance capacity. Below, I will introduce these "four platforms" one by one.

First, the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects. Since 2015, our commission has accelerated the construction of an online approval and supervision platform for investment projects covering the whole country, continued to cancel the decentralization of investment approval authority and related approval items, established and improved the vertical and horizontal linkage collaborative supervision mechanism, and continuously innovated and optimized services. On December 7, 2015, Premier Li Keqiang personally came to our Committee to open the button of connecting the platform up and down, and the online platform officially entered the stage of nationwide trial operation and application. The construction and application of online platform is a major change to improve the government’s governance ability by using information technology, an important measure to promote the reform of investment approval system, an important aspect to improve the management system and management ability in the investment field, and an important support to transform the government’s investment management function and improve the government’s management efficiency.

At present, the application of online platform has achieved good results. First, open and transparent, expose the power list and increase the credibility of the government. The second is to integrate the collection, connect the examination and approval items, and improve work efficiency. The third is to optimize services, speed up project approval, and facilitate enterprise users. Fourth, strengthen supervision, strictly restrain power and standardize examination and approval behavior. Judging from the initial operation effect, as of December 2, there were 4,453 registered users and 201,000 visits to Internet websites. A total of 1,425 projects have been registered on the central platform, and a total of 374,000 projects have been checked and put into storage in various places.

Second, the national credit information sharing platform. In order to implement the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on establishing a unified platform for social credit data, the national credit information sharing platform was officially put into operation in October 2015 in accordance with the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Outline of Social Credit System Construction Plan (2014-2020) and related documents. The construction of the platform highlights the sharing of credit information resources and data integration across departments and regions, which provides a strong information support for the construction of a post-event supervision system with credit as the core.

The platform construction has achieved the initial results of "four validities":

First, it effectively broke the island of government credit information. The data collection, supply and demand adaptation, sharing and exchange, and visual availability are realized. The platform has been interconnected with 37 ministries and commissions and all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. Up to now, it has accumulated more than 700 million pieces of credit information such as basic information of natural persons, legal persons and other social organizations in various departments and places, information on administrative licensing and administrative punishment, and information on "red and black lists" of trustworthiness and dishonesty. We will release the latest figure from time to time, and it will continue to rise.

The second is to effectively improve the efficiency of coordinated supervision after the incident. At present, the platform has carried out information inquiry, information comparison, government services, examination and approval, collaborative supervision, joint rewards and punishments for various local departments, and provided more than 1.2 billion pieces of credit information sharing, exchange and update, effectively expanding the scope of supervision, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of supervision.

The third is to effectively realize the joint encouragement of trustworthiness and the joint punishment of dishonesty. Our Committee has joined more than 50 ministries and commissions to sign memorandums of joint punishment in 9 fields and memorandums of joint incentive cooperation in 3 fields. The sharing platform provides functions such as initiation, response and effect feedback for joint punishment work.

Fourth, the degree of credit information disclosure has been effectively improved. Relying on the platform, the website "Credit China" was built. Since it was launched on June 1 last year, more than 68 million pieces of various credit information have been made public to the public, and the number of people inquiring and browsing has exceeded 1 million per day, and the total number of visitors has exceeded 100 million.

Third, 12358 price supervision platform. The 12358 price supervision platform is an important measure for our Committee to actively adapt to the new normal of economic development and innovate the market price supervision mechanism under the guidance of new development concepts. It is also a concrete manifestation of taking the initiative, positioning transformation and improving governance capacity.

Since it was put into operation at the beginning of 2015, it has given full play to the advantages of "four-level networking, one code, trace management and real-time online", and has led all sectors of society to participate extensively, which has achieved remarkable results and gradually become the main channel for the masses to safeguard price rights and interests. By the end of November, the platform had received more than 1.26 million price reports, consultations and complaints; Price departments at all levels used the platform to investigate and deal with all kinds of price violations, and the amount of economic sanctions exceeded 12.1 billion yuan.

Especially in early warning and response, the platform has played a very good role in giving full play to the advantages of information technology and keeping abreast of market trends. After the implementation of the "camp reform" in May this year, there was a sharp increase in reports on the 12358 platform. Our Committee immediately carried out law enforcement inspections with relevant places, and verified that six enterprises, including Shanghai New World, used the "camp reform" as an excuse to fabricate price increase information and disrupt market order, and imposed fines on all six enterprises, ensuring the smooth implementation of major reform decisions.

Over the past year or so, according to the clues of the 12358 platform, our committee has investigated and dealt with a series of major cases, such as the monopoly case of joint price increase of allopurinol tablets production enterprises, Japanese mail boats and so on, which has played a positive role in improving people’s livelihood and reducing costs for enterprises to participate in market competition fairly. Recently, our commission investigated and dealt with Medtronic’s price monopoly case according to law and fined 118.5 million yuan. This is the latest case in which the 12358 platform works. The platform has continuously improved its service level, and has effectively achieved results in everything and echoes in every piece. Last year, the 12358 price supervision platform was rated as an excellent brand of grassroots service-oriented party organizations by the Central State Organs Working Committee.

The fourth platform, the national public resources trading platform. In order to implement the State Council’s decision on the integration of public resources trading platform, this platform has recently started trial operation, vertically connected with 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and carried out data exchange. The online approval and supervision platform for horizontal and investment projects, the national credit information sharing platform, and the 12358 price supervision platform have been connected, basically forming a "one network" for national public resources trading information sharing, and realizing four functions.

First, the hub function of information gathering, fully relying on the e-government extranet and platform and the national data sharing and exchange platform, realizes the gathering and sharing of all kinds of public resources at all levels. Second, the convenient and efficient service function, based on the functional orientation of public services, realizes the unified convergence of transaction announcements, accurate push of market information, and sharing of expert resources to provide efficient, convenient and high-quality services for market participants. The third is the channel function of collaborative supervision. The national platform provides technical support for administrative supervision departments to realize electronic supervision, remote monitoring and joint undertaking, and opens up the electronic supervision channel for the whole process of the project. The fourth is the data analysis support function. The national platform brings together massive data across regions, fields and time periods, and will provide a wide range of big data services for macroeconomic decision-making, industry management, social subjects and civil and commercial activities.

Above, I introduced the overall situation of the four platforms for everyone. Let’s demonstrate and explain the operation of several platforms respectively. First of all, please ask the staff of the information center to explain the online approval and supervision platform first.

【Staff Zhao Di】Good morning, media friends. Let me show you the overall situation of the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects. Online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, which connects all departments horizontally and runs through the central, provincial, municipal and county levels vertically, is a comprehensive service and management platform for investment projects covering the whole country, and consists of two levels: the central platform and the local platform, which are responsible for the approval and supervision of their respective projects respectively. At the same time, the local government collects the data of investment projects from all over the country on the online platform to form a national investment project library. The online platform consists of two parts: the Internet and the extranet of government affairs. The Internet website is a centralized window for providing investment project declaration and related services to the society, realizing the "one-net" service of investment projects. The business system on the e-government extranet connects the relevant departments of project approval and 37 provincial and municipal platforms, and is a working platform for information sharing and business vertical and horizontal coordination among various departments and localities. Let me show you something about the online platform.

The staff introduced the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects in detail.
China Net Guo Tianhu photo

Now the page displayed on the screen is the internet website of the online platform. On the website, we provide the information of investment projects, industrial policies, laws and regulations, intermediary services and the directory of intermediary institutions, etc. It can be said that the information related to investment projects has been "caught in the net" and the active service has been realized.

We have set up a service guide column in the service hall area, where we have publicized the service guide for national investment projects in a centralized way, and will gradually form a national service guide library for investment projects, so as to realize the "one-stop" query of investment project guides and make it open and transparent. Project units can query all kinds of approval items and service guides by region, project type or keywords.

We can take a look at a place, for example, choose any Anhui province and look at its service guide, so that we can clearly see the service guide of various investment projects in Anhui province. For example, let’s take a look at agricultural projects and approved projects. For such projects, what are the approval items that need to be handled at various stages and where to do them, and the basis for handling these items, application materials, and working conditions will be clearly listed, thus providing clear reporting guidelines for reporting units. In addition, the service guide library also plays a very important role, that is, it can ensure the implementation of policies. The implementation of policies can be seen at a glance through the service guide, and national policies can be consistently implemented to prevent distortion. Then, after understanding the guidelines, let’s take a look at how to declare a project.

We can choose the corresponding application project type through the column in the service hall. For example, if we want to apply for an approved project of oil pipeline network, we can click Start to declare, and here we will remind the project unit what the examination and approval items need to be handled. After it is clear, we can click Start to declare. In this way, the project unit needs to fill in the basic information of the project, the information of the legal entity, the information of the applicant and the information of the handling situation, and submit it after confirmation, with a total of five steps.

In order to save time, I’ll show you the demonstration projects I have prepared before. We can see that it is very simple to enter the declared information for the project. After confirmation, we can click Submit, and then we will see a warm reminder on the platform that the project you declared has obtained a unified project code, which is the only ID card of this project and will follow the whole construction cycle of the project. The approval and supervision information of the whole process from the first procedure to the completion acceptance of the project will be unified on the project code, and at the same time, the relevant procedures of investment projects can be handled all over the country with the project code, realizing the one-code penetration of national investment projects. If a department handles matters and updates the progress information of the project on the platform, the platform will automatically send SMS or email to the project unit to remind the project unit of the progress in time. The project unit can also make inquiries through the online platform Internet website. The project unit can click on the project details in "My Project" to see the specific handling progress information of the project. During the handling process, every handling link, status, handling time, handling department and final handling result of each item will be clearly listed in the handling details, which will also provide very high-quality services for the project unit. After the approval is completed, we publicize the information through the publicity information column of the online platform and accept social supervision. The above is the process of project declaration.

After the online platform collects the data of national investment projects, it also provides the service function of investment project declaration to the whole country through the Internet, that is, we can now see the area of the map on the website, the depth of the map color, indicating the number of regional investment projects and the amount of investment. We can click "More" to see the statistics of national declaration projects according to the region, national standard industry and project type, for example, by industry, the histogram is the investment amount and project number of various industries that declare projects nationwide, and the bubble chart below shows. The height of bubbles indicates the number of projects, and the diameter of bubbles indicates the amount of investment. The data information of national project declaration can reflect the investment intention of society to a certain extent, and this information can also provide reference for enterprises to make investment decisions.

What I just demonstrated is the internet part of the online platform. Next, let’s take a look at the government extranet part. The online platform E-government extranet is aimed at government departments to realize the functions of parallel examination and approval, time-limited completion and information sharing. After the enterprise declares the project on the platform, the online platform will automatically report to the project examination and approval units. If there are parallel projects, the project units can go through the formalities at all relevant departments at the same time, which is convenient for enterprise users and also speeds up the project examination and approval progress. The handling department can carry out subsequent handling work after verifying the project code. In the process of handling, the information of major links, such as acceptance, completion, completion and correction, entrusted evaluation and other major links are registered on the online platform. Once the department starts to handle the work, the online platform will start to time the whole process. The prompt of the small bell indicates the status of the processing time, and the green light indicates that the processing is carried out within a reasonable processing time limit. If there is a status that is about to be overdue or has been overdue, the online platform will send a reminder in time to urge the department.

In the process of handling, each department can register the detailed handling links of its own department on the platform. For example, now that the personnel of the Ministry of Environmental Protection are logged in, the personnel of the Ministry of Environmental Protection can not only check the information of their own departments, but also see all the processing status and processing results of the relevant departments such as the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Water Resources, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the safety supervision department, thus realizing information sharing and business collaboration among all departments of investment projects.

We have also connected with the national credit information sharing platform. In the process of department approval, we can check the credit information of enterprises at any time by clicking the "credit" icon next to them on the online platform. If the enterprise has credit information of joint punishment or blacklist, the online platform will prompt at any time, providing strong support for the examination and approval departments to carry out joint punishment.

The above are the main functions of the online platform. Since its trial operation, the construction and operation of the online platform have achieved good results. With the implementation of relevant laws and regulations such as the regulations on the approval and filing of enterprise investment projects and the measures for the management of platform operation, it will further promote the further application of the online platform and play a greater role.

That’s the end of my report. Thank you.

[Zhao Chenxin]Thank you for your introduction. It is the first time for me to have such a detailed understanding of this platform. After reading it, I think it is really convenient, and everyone may feel the same way. We have a total of four platforms. The second one is to invite colleagues from the Information Center to introduce the national credit information sharing platform.

[Staff member Wang Yuming]Hello, everyone. Let me show you the situation of the national credit information sharing platform. The national information sharing platform is a credit information sharing and exchange platform serving the whole social credit system, a basic project for the construction of China’s social credit system, and a general hub for credit information sharing and exchange. This platform was initially completed at the end of 2015. At present, it mainly provides services to the government and the public through two portals. What you see on the screen at present is the home page of the portal website that provides services to the government, mainly the quick entry of some columns and the specific updates.

The staff introduced the national credit information sharing platform China Net Guo Tianhu photo

At present, the platform has mainly realized three functions for the government: First, the collection, sharing and exchange of credit information. Through this platform, the credit information sharing catalogue and credit information provided by various departments and localities are brought together to realize cross-departmental, cross-regional and cross-level information exchange and sharing. According to the sharing statistics of the home page, up to now, departments and localities have provided 3,999 shared directories and collected 701 million pieces of credit information.

By sharing statistics, we can also see that at the docking level, the platform at the departmental level has been interconnected with 37 member units of the inter-ministerial joint meeting of the social credit system. At the local level, the platform has been connected and shared with the provincial credit information platforms of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The platform collects the shared directories provided by various departments and places, and forms a list of shared directories under the column of shared directories.

This is the case with shared directory listings. At the same time, there is a list of the needs of various departments for other ministries and some places. Through the list, you can find, browse, obtain or publish credit information in batches and realize sharing. Take State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China as an example. At present, the State Administration of Taxation has published four credit information sharing catalogues, among which the list of A-level taxpayers, the list of taxpayers and the list of parties involved in major tax violations have been published. Click to see this sharing catalogue. This paper briefly describes the sharing rights of the directory category, the category of the subject, the update time and the data items of the information. At the same time, you can browse the corresponding shared information, and if you have the rights, you can also obtain, subscribe and download information in batches. Because my authority is limited, I won’t demonstrate the obtained information here, because the platform has strict authority management for obtaining credit information in batches, which is the first function of the platform.

Second, according to the main body, carry out the inquiry of credit files to provide reference for administrative examination and approval and supervision. After the platform collects the credit information of various regions and departments, it is recorded in the name of the subject through cleaning and comparison, and a panoramic credit information report about a subject is generated, which is the credit file of the subject. Departments and regions can visit this platform to inquire about the credit status of market entities, and they can also print or download the credit file report with platform watermark for administrative examination and approval and supervision. When inquiring about the credit file formed by a construction group company limited by shares through this platform, we can see that this enterprise is currently included in joint punishment, and the platform brings together all kinds of credit information about enterprises provided by many local departments, mainly including basic information, authentication information, punishment information and other information.

Take the penalty information as an example. Take a look at the Chaoyang District Safety Supervision Bureau in Beijing. In 2015 and 2016, enterprises were punished for failing to truthfully record the safety production benefits and training. At the same time, the Supreme Law also provides information about being included in the list of people who have lost their trust. It can be seen that this enterprise has been included in the list of people who have lost their trust more than once. This function can also be embedded into the government hall, office system or business system of the department through the interface. The government affairs hall and administrative examination and approval system of the National Development and Reform Commission are all connected with the platform, so that everything must be checked and every newspaper must be checked. In addition, the platform will also share the collected legal person basic information and reward and punishment list information with the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, public resource trading platform and other platforms through the interface. This is the second major function of the platform.

Third, based on this platform, the information support system of joint encouragement and joint punishment for dishonesty is developed, which can understand the relevant situation and implementation of the memorandum of joint rewards and punishments. Through this system, the memorandum of joint encouragement and joint punishment for dishonesty in different fields is supported, and the response of reward and punishment participants, the sharing of reward and punishment list, the feedback of reward and punishment effect, etc. are initiated to effectively support the implementation of joint reward and punishment work.

Taking the memorandum of joint punishment initiated by the Supreme People’s Court for those who have broken promises as an example, we can see that apart from the Supreme People’s Court as the initiating department, there are 44 departments participating in the response, and each department will have different disciplinary measures. Through this platform, you can also learn about the effectiveness of punishment online, including the effectiveness of restricting flying, train, director of the company, and exit, as well as the situation of the corresponding list of joint punishment. In addition, the system also provides the function of querying whether an entity is included in the list of rewards and punishments in multiple fields at the same time, which is convenient for a comprehensive understanding of the joint rewards and punishments of entities. Take an iron factory we found as an example. This iron factory is also included in the list of people who have been executed for breach of trust, the list of parties in major tax violation cases of the State Administration of Taxation, and the list of abnormal business operations of enterprises proposed by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. After collecting the collected credit information, the platform pushes the publicly available information to the "Credit China" portal website for the public.

Credit China website is the portal website for the inter-ministerial joint meeting of social credit system to promote publicity and policy release, and it is also an important platform for relevant departments and localities to publicly release credit information according to laws and regulations. As the general window for the government to praise honesty and punish dishonesty, it is guided by the National Development and Reform Commission and the People’s Bank of China, and sponsored by the National Information Center. The website was launched in June 2015, which has attracted widespread attention from all walks of life.

With regard to the functions of this website, firstly, by browsing the columns of credit dynamics, policies and regulations, credit services, credit research and so on, we can quickly understand the panoramic dynamics of China’s social credit system construction. Second, government departments at all levels can publicize their own administrative licensing and administrative punishment information through the double publicity columns of this platform, which is an important credit information publicity platform. Third, you can quickly find credit-related websites in various departments, places and fields through the credit navigation column. In addition, the most important thing is that this website provides query services for the credit records of legal persons and natural persons that can be disclosed by government departments. At present, more than 68 million pieces of credit information have been made public to the public, which is also the most popular column of this website. Here, we can see the credit history of a company as an example. In addition, this website can also provide inquiries or obtain disciplinary lists in batches according to fields and joint disciplinary measures, which provides great convenience for the application of credit information in all walks of life. This website will launch more featured columns and disclose more credit information in succession. I hope you will come and see it often. The above is a brief display of the national credit information sharing platform.

【Zhao Chenxin】Thank you for your introduction. The following is the third platform, and colleagues from the Price Supervision and Anti-monopoly Bureau are invited to introduce the situation of the 12358 price supervision platform.

[Staff member Zhang Wei]Good morning, friends from the media. Let’s introduce the demo 12358 price supervision platform. The price issue is related to all aspects of economic life and is closely related to the interests of consumers. With the deepening of China’s price reform, the current market pricing ratio has exceeded 97%, and most of the prices have been liberalized. Under the new situation, how to more effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and operators and maintain a fair and orderly market competition order urgently needs innovative ideas, perfect mechanisms and improve the modernization level of price supervision. The 12358 price supervision platform started construction in 2014, and was officially put into operation on January 1, 2015. What we are seeing now is the real-time command interface of the 12358 platform. Here I would like to introduce the main features of the platform to you.

The staff introduced the 12358 price supervision platform. China Net Guo Tianhu photo

First, multiple channels are unblocked. As can be seen from this picture, telephone is still the main way to report prices. In People’s Republic of China (PRC), except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, you don’t need to broadcast the area code anywhere. Just dial the five-digit telephone number 12358, and your reflection and appeal will be entered into this platform in a timely and complete manner. In addition to telephone calls, we opened a column on price reporting on the WeChat WeChat official account of the National Development and Reform Commission, and opened a sub-station dedicated to accepting price reporting on the homepage of the National Development and Reform Commission. In addition, all channels, such as letters, visits and faxes, are unblocked in all directions to ensure that consumers’ price rights and interests are protected.

The second is four-level networking. The 12358 platform has achieved four levels of networking at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, and all reports nationwide can be brought into the unified management of this platform. Since 2016, the price authorities at all levels in China have accepted 678,000 price reports, consultations and complaints, of which 639,000 have been settled and 39,000 are being processed. At the same time, on this platform, we can also see the situation of price reporting in various places. For example, if we choose a province, we can see that in 2016, Jiangsu Province has handled 57,000 price reports, of which 54,000 have been settled, and 2,666 are being processed, and economic sanctions of 6.52 million yuan have been implemented. Continue to click on the map of each province, and you can see more detailed areas.

In addition, the 12358 platform can summarize hot industries according to the report data. This picture is the hot spot distribution of price reporting in 2016. We can see if it is consistent with the perception in our daily life. Since the opening of the platform, parking fees have always been the most intense issue, in addition, online shopping, property fees, transportation, education, medical care, real estate and other industries are also hot spots of concern to the masses.

The third is real-time online. The data of the 12358 platform is dynamically updated in real time, and you can see the price report at any time. For example, click the current month, which is the situation of accepting price reports nationwide this month. It can be seen that in terms of complaint channels, the report of online channels has risen sharply, accounting for more than 20%, and online channels are playing an increasingly important role. In terms of case handling, the price authorities at all levels in the country have accepted 26,000 price reports this month, of which 19,000 have been settled. We can take a look at the industry hotspots this month. From the industry hotspots, we can see that online shopping has become a focus of current consumers. In addition, due to winter heating, resource prices have also become a phased hotspot. Let’s take a look at a certain area, such as the situation in Shanghai that month. It can be seen that the proportion of complaints in online channels in Shanghai is very high, which has exceeded 50%. From the hot point of view, Shanghai residents are most concerned about online shopping, ranking first, while parking charges are no longer the most concerned issue for local citizens.

Here is a brief introduction to the specific case handling process. As you can see, all the cases on the platform are updated in real time. We randomly select a report that has been completed, select an industry that is more concerned, such as medical institutions, and inquire about its relevant situation this year. As you can see, since 2016, this province has handled a total of 33 price reports on medical services. From the reporting channels, there are various reports, including visits, letters and calls. Take a look at the cases reported by online channels. As you can see, on August 7, 2016, at 17: 19: 36, consumers reported through the 12358 price supervision platform that the people’s hospital of this county was suspected of having the problem of over-standard charges and asked the competent price department to investigate and deal with it. At the same time, consumers use this platform to upload its related charging vouchers on the platform.

The fourth is "one piece, one yard, trace management". No matter what channel you report, after the consumer reports, the platform will generate a unique query code. With this query code, you can log in at any time to check the progress of reporting problems, so that the whistleblower can query in real time in all aspects of case acceptance, investigation and evidence collection, administrative punishment, etc., and it is open and transparent everywhere. At the same time, the handling process of each price reporting case is recorded on the platform, and there are traces to follow to ensure the openness and transparency of law enforcement. We can take a look at the investigation and handling of this case. After the consumer reported it, the local price department decided to accept it on August 8, organized an investigation on August 10, and reached a preliminary investigation conclusion on August 11, believing that some of the problems reflected by the complainant were true. Then, through legal procedures, the informant was finally answered on September 27. Here we can see the reply to the whistleblower. We told the whistleblower that after investigation, some of the problems you reflected were true. The hospital took the initiative to reduce the price on July 6, and the authorities have punished the illegal charges that occurred before, confiscated them in full and imposed a fine. Trace management of price violation cases, further strengthen the requirements of sunshine handling, internal supervision and integrity discipline, minimize the interference of human factors, and ensure the openness, fairness and justice of law enforcement.

With the help of the Internet and information technology, the 12358 price supervision platform has promoted the price supervision work, from one-way management to two-way interaction, from offline to online and offline integration, from pure government supervision to paying more attention to social collaborative governance. Since the platform was put into operation, more than 1.26 million price reports and consultation complaints have been accepted. Compared with the beginning of the opening, the monthly acceptance of the platform increased by 20%, the monthly price report increased by more than 100% year-on-year, and the online report increased by more than 160%. The efficiency of handling cases by price authorities at all levels has been further improved, and everything has been settled, and the pieces have echoes.

This concludes the introduction of the 12358 platform. Thank you, everyone.

【Zhao Chenxin】The following is the last platform, the national public resources trading platform. Please introduce it to colleagues in the Information Center.

【staff　Ma ying】Good morning, media friends. I’d like to show you the function and operation of the national public resources trading platform.

The staff introduced the national public resource trading platform China Net Guo Tianhu photo

The national public resource trading platform is the hub for gathering information of public resource trading platforms at all levels. The interface currently displayed is the monitoring of real-time data uploading and warehousing in China today. As you can see, the map on the left shows the real-time data uploading in all provinces in China today. Up to now, a total of 1546 data have been uploaded, and the provinces that are currently uploading data in real time are flashing green. On the right is the waveform diagram of the data upload volume within one hour, and the data upload ranking of each province. The lower right side shows the warehousing situation of various types of transaction information, and it can be seen that the amount of engineering construction data uploaded today is the largest, accounting for 73.61%. At present, the national public resources trading platform has collected a total of 7.1 million pieces of trading information from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

In order to provide more convenient and efficient services to market players and the public, the National Public Resource Trading Platform has built an Internet website, which includes home page, news trends, trading openness, trading integrity, trading subscription, trading statistics, platform navigation, policies and regulations, unified certification and service center, etc.

Let’s introduce the column structure of the home page. The first is the news dynamic column, and the following is the latest transaction announcement and transaction announcement list, where users can directly click to inquire about relevant detailed information. At the same time, the national public resources trading platform provides users with two other ways to inquire about trading information. One is based on map navigation, users can click on the province they are concerned about on the map to see the distribution and quantity of trading information in various fields in the province today, and directly click to see the specific information of trading announcements. The second is to provide users with the query function based on multiple conditions. Users can choose the query range, business type, information type and release time, and can support the input of keywords for query. Below the home page are columns such as transaction integrity, policies and regulations, and friendship links.

In terms of transaction disclosure, the national public resource trading platform provides information inquiry services for market participants and the public in many trading fields, such as engineering construction, government procurement, land use rights, mining rights and state-owned property rights. Users can choose their concerned fields, regions, business types and information types according to their own conditions, and inquire about the detailed information of the concerned trading projects at various stages. In the future, it will gradually expand to carbon emissions, forest rights, sea rights and other trading fields, and gradually realize the full coverage of public resources trading fields.

In order to facilitate market participants to obtain transaction information accurately, the national public resource trading platform also provides information subscription push service, which supports four subscription methods: WeChat subscription, email subscription, online subscription and RSS subscription. Users can choose the fields, regions, industries and information types that need to subscribe to information. After the subscription is saved successfully, the national platform will push the information according to the conditions set by the user. Users can view the list of information that meets the requirements in the "My Subscription" column, and at the same time support focusing on the projects they are interested in, which greatly facilitates the market participants and the public.

The platform navigation function provides the introduction and website links of public resource trading platforms in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China, and it is convenient for users to find them by map navigation, so that market participants can easily understand, locate and jump to any public resource trading platform. Taking Guangdong as an example, we can see the distribution of the number of public resources transactions in various cities in Guangdong Province. At the same time, we can see that Shenzhen has linked three trading systems, namely, land use rights, state-owned property rights and bidding trading platforms for engineering construction. After clicking, you can jump directly, which is convenient for users to query and use.

The transaction statistics function supports multi-dimensional data statistics, including the number of new transactions in various provinces today and the number of announcements in the current publicity period, the comparison of transaction volumes in various provinces across the country and the statistics of various types of transactions across the country, so as to facilitate users to understand the transactions of public resources in various regions and guide market participants to participate in public resources trading activities in an orderly manner.

The column of transaction integrity provides users with the query service of transaction integrity related information collected from various provinces, mainly including illegal information, reward information and blacklist information.

The national public resources trading platform also has news trends, policies and regulations, service centers and other columns, which mainly provide related information display and query services, so I won’t introduce them in detail here.

In addition to the Internet website, the National Public Resources Trading Platform has also built an extranet website for government affairs as a platform for information inquiry and work communication among relevant personnel in the field of public resources trading in various provinces and departments. The website mainly includes trading information, subject sharing, expert management, credit information, regulatory channels, big data analysis, platform management, work dynamics, policies and regulations and download center.

At present, the national public resources trading platform has realized the information inquiry function of the whole transaction process. Now for a project information query and demonstration. This project is a wetland project. First of all, you can find the basic information of the project, and at the same time, you can also find the approval information of the project on the online investment approval supervision platform. In addition, you can find the whole process information of the project. As you can see, the project is divided into two blocks, five tender announcements have been issued, and three units have bid. You can view the contract and performance information of the project and the public information of the winning bid result. At present, the national public resources trading platform is gradually forming a data chain that covers the whole process of front-end project approval information, mid-end project bidding information and back-end project management information.

The national public resources trading platform provides services for all regulatory authorities at the same time, and the regulatory authorities can also inquire and supervise the whole process information of the transaction on the national public resources trading platform.

The national public resources trading platform is gradually gathering information and providing services, and at the same time, it is also gradually carrying out data mining and analysis, providing support for macro-control and industry management.

That’s my report. Thank you all.

【 Zhao Chenxin】Thank you for your introduction. Just now, we spent a little time demonstrating the operation of the "four platforms" for everyone. Because of the time, some places are not very detailed, but I think everyone will be able to get a general understanding of the operation of the whole platform. If you pay more attention, it is all on the extranet, so everyone can open it and learn more. After watching the operation of these "four platforms", you may have a deeper understanding of what "Internet+government service" is from one side and one angle. I have made great efforts to establish these "four platforms" and promote the continuous improvement and better use of these "four platforms". One is to better implement the policy deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and the ultimate goal is to facilitate the masses, improve efficiency, strengthen supervision, expand the openness of government services, and improve the modernization level of the entire governance system and governance capacity.

In the past, we told the society many times at press conferences or in interviews that we had these "four platforms". This is the first time that we introduced the operation of these "four platforms" to the whole society through the media. In fact, we hope that the "four platforms" can attract the attention of the whole society, let the forces of the whole society know about this platform, let all social subjects make better use of this platform, and supervise the operation of this platform at the same time, so that this platform will truly maximize its role, and also make our services truly more and more in place and satisfy the people.

After the introduction, media friends will have some questions. Relevant leaders of several departments are here and will answer your questions. Please report to your local news media before asking questions.

【China Business News]The government affairs service hall of the National Development and Reform Commission has been running for nearly two years, which has achieved good results in promoting "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" and has a high social evaluation. My question is what is the position of the government service hall in the overall framework of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform of the National Development and Reform Commission, and what is the connection with the "four platforms"? Thank you.

【Huang Yong, Deputy Director of the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission】This question is very good, and I thank the reporters for their concern for the government service hall of the National Development and Reform Commission. The Party Group of the National Development and Reform Commission attaches great importance to the construction of the government service hall, regards the government service hall as an important carrier and grasper of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform of the National Development and Reform Commission, and has achieved "one-stop acceptance" of all the non-confidential rights and responsibilities of the whole commission, making the hall a window of service, reform and innovation for our commission. Since its operation in January 2015, we have received a total of 9,603 applications and received 28,014 person-times, keeping a record of zero overtime in approval and zero complaints in service. Cashed the 12 red characters engraved on our government service hall. The commitment of "sunshine examination and approval, open government affairs and active service" has been well received by all sectors of society and affirmed by leading comrades in the State Council.

Huang Yong, Deputy Director of the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter’s question.

If the government service hall is the 1.0 version of our Committee to promote the transformation of the orientation of the organs and deepen the reform of our own administrative examination and approval system, then we have just introduced the four platforms, namely, the upgraded version, the enhanced version and the expanded version, which are the thinking measures of the Communist Party Committee to promote its own "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and extend them to the 2.0 and 3.0 versions of the major deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in related fields. At the same time, the hall also keeps pace with the times, constantly innovates and actively undertakes the integration of the four platforms in our Committee. In short, the relationship between the hall and the four platforms can be described from four angles. Tractor, propellant, supporting pile, model room. Let me briefly introduce them respectively.

Tractor refers to the construction and operation of the four platforms in the hall. The construction of the government service hall is earlier than the four platforms. In many fields, the National Development and Reform Commission is the forerunner. In the process of promoting the hall construction and post-operation, we have accumulated some experience and explored some operable and realizable paths through sorting out matters, process design, business model and operation management, including website design, which provides an important reference for the design, construction and operation of the four platforms. This year, we also implemented the requirements of "Internet+government services" arranged by the State Council, and built an online hall and a mobile hall on the basis of the entity government service hall, realizing the integration of online and offline, and creating a new mode of "one body and two wings" service.

Propellant refers to the hall to promote the improvement and upgrading of the four platforms. In the process of using the four platforms, the hall has constantly discovered and put forward some practical needs for improvement and perfection, and it is a test field. As a comprehensive economic management department, our Committee has a wide range of functions and businesses, and its application to the four platforms is typical. We are also users of the four platform departments. From this perspective, we can use and feel, exchange feedback with the office staff, listen to opinions, study and put forward some reasonable suggestions, and promote the four platforms to further improve their functions, optimize their processes, and continuously enhance their usability and ease of use.

Support pile refers to the extension of the hall to support the business of the four platforms. The government service hall is a comprehensive carrier and a foothold of the four platforms in our Committee. While actively applying the four platforms and doing our own work well, we also further strengthen the support and support for the four platforms through our own performance. For example, in the process of examination and approval, we have established a system of "checking every newspaper" and "checking every office" for credit information, and implemented the joint encouragement of trustworthiness and joint punishment of dishonesty. Publicity of integrity knowledge to the reporting unit, publicity "credit China" website. I’d like to report to you that with the joint efforts of the government service hall and relevant parties, by December 12th, the daily hits of the website "Credit China" had exceeded one million, and its popularity and influence had reached a new level.

Model room refers to the implementation effect of the four platforms displayed in the hall. The hall is a display window to realize the unified publicity and display function for the four platforms. This publicity and display is not only a demonstration of the functions of the hall on-site and online information systems, but also a model for the implementation of the four platforms in ministries and commissions. Show all localities and departments how to realize the functions of the platform in combination with their own functions. For example, in the process of accessing the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects, we took the lead in sorting out the list of items, work guides, business processes and data standards, and realized the closed-loop management of the whole business process.

Since the beginning of this year, more than 100 units and departments have come to the lobby for exchange and inspection, promoted their own work with reference to our model, and promoted the connection with the four platforms, which greatly improved the efficiency and level of the application of the four platforms. These practices have been highly affirmed by relevant parties. This year, the government service hall was selected as the on-site teaching base of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" by the National School of Administration.

【Looking at the weekly reporter】We have been paying attention to the work of the National Development and Reform Commission for a long time. Some of the platforms introduced today have been known in the past, but I didn’t expect to feel so profound today. One of the public resources trading platforms is relatively new. As a newly established platform, how can we make better use of it and promote the reform of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services?

【Meng Wei, Deputy Inspector of the Regulation Department of the National Development and Reform Commission】The national public resources trading platform is the latest platform among the four platforms we introduced today. After a year of construction, the national and provincial platforms were connected and data exchanged at the end of October this year. Therefore, this platform needs a gradual improvement process. How to make good use of this platform in the next step, and better help the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. I think, on the one hand, we will constantly improve the functions of the platform, on the other hand, we will persistently promote the disclosure of information about public resources transactions, constantly change management concepts, and promote the innovation of supervision methods, so as to make transactions more transparent, services more optimized, and supervision more effective. There are three main aspects:

Meng Wei, Deputy Inspector of the Regulation Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter’s question. Photo by Guo Tianhu, China Net

First, expose the information and let the trading operate in the sunshine. Public resource transaction has attracted much attention from the society. The best way to avoid black-box operation and irregular operation of public resource transaction is to expose it to the sun. Through the platform system, we can make every process transparent and leave traces everywhere, and relevant information can be made public in time and be supervised. First, the transaction information is fully disclosed. In the past, due to the low degree of electronicization, the disclosure of relevant information was not strong, and the transaction information obtained by market participants at the first time was very limited and scattered. Now, the public resource transaction announcement, qualification examination information, transaction process information, transaction information and performance information will be disclosed to the public free of charge through the platform. Second, the transaction process is fully open. During the demonstration just now, as you can see, after our public resources transaction project enters the electronic system, every step of the operation is carried out on the platform. The market subject only needs to log in to the platform and move the mouse to find out the current progress of the project you are concerned about, and the process is clear. Third, the regulatory information is fully open. According to the Interim Measures for the Administration of Public Resource Trading Platforms, the information on the qualifications of market entities, project approval information, credit reward and punishment information, and penalties for violations of laws and regulations held by the regulatory authorities should be made public online within 7 working days of making an administrative decision. In other words, in the future, information about public resource transactions will no longer be "hidden in the closet". Through the national platform, countless pairs of eyes can be fixed on every link of public resource transactions.Every corner forms a "grand skynet" for social supervision.

Second, connect resources to make services efficient and convenient. Generally speaking, it is to realize "data communication, expert communication and certificate communication" One is the "one-net inquiry" of transaction information, that is to say, market participants can inquire about the transaction information you are concerned about nationwide by logging on a website of the national platform, which is very convenient for market participants. Second, expert resources are "shared in one database". The national platform has five information databases, among which the expert resource database brings together the relevant expert information of national public resource transactions. Up to now, there are more than 300,000 articles, which provides a very good resource for market participants to inquire about the distribution of expert resources in various places and then extract suitable experts. The third is the digital certificate "one certificate is universal". On the basis of the pilot project of mutual recognition of digital certificates, we will further expand the scope of mutual recognition, solve the problem of mutual recognition and incompatibility of digital certificates in various places, and promote the realization of "one place for handling, universal use".

Third, use the data to make supervision efficient and powerful. At present, the national platform has gathered the trading information of four major sections, including project construction bidding, government procurement, land use right transfer and state-owned property right transaction. In the next step, we will also gather the trading information of public resources such as centralized drug procurement, forest right transaction and carbon emission right transaction on a unified platform. At present, there are more than 7 million pieces of information gathered, and there are 5,000 pieces of information growing every day, gradually forming a massive "information resource pool". Therefore, we should further change the traditional concepts and methods, learn to embrace big data, make good use of big data, and realize big data speaking and big data supervision. First, improve the pertinence of supervision. At present, there is information on all key links of public resource transactions on the platform. Through data comparison and analysis, it can help to find some clues about violations of laws and regulations. For example, an enterprise has a high rate of winning the bid locally, but it has never won the bid after participating in bidding hundreds or even thousands of times in other places, which is suspected of accompanying the bid. You can ask relevant departments to focus on tracking and inspecting such enterprises. The second is to enhance the coordination of supervision. In the past, the data on public resources were placed in the information database of each department, but now they are gathered together, from "frying their own dishes" to "holding a table together", especially these data can be recognized by each department, thus amplifying the value of the data and promoting the formation of a joint force of supervision. For example, an expert is not only an expert in the expert database of bid evaluation, but also an expert in the expert database of government procurement evaluation.In the process of a project review, there are violations, which can be removed synchronously through the platform sharing mechanism. The third is to improve the integrity of supervision. At present, the national platform has been connected with the investment platform and the credit platform. Taking a government investment project as an example, the data link of the whole process integration can be opened from the front-end project information to the intermediate project approval information and transaction information, and the back-end project management information and credit information. Change the past segmented supervision into full-process electronic supervision.

In the next step, we will work with relevant departments to improve the functions of the platform and promote the official online trial operation of the platform as soon as possible. I also hope that media friends and all walks of life will pay attention to our platform and give us valuable opinions. Thank you.

【Zhao Chenxin】Thank you, Director Meng Wei, who especially cherishes the opportunity given by reporters, and introduced the situation of public resource trading platforms, including some cases, to everyone.

【Ziguangge magazine reporter】I would like to ask, the online supervision platform for investment projects was put into trial operation at the end of 2015, and it has been one year now. What has the National Development and Reform Commission done to improve and standardize this platform, and what new measures will be taken next?

【Luo Guosan, Inspector of Investment Department of National Development and Reform Commission】I’m glad to answer this question. Just now, the spokesman mentioned that we have introduced this platform to you many times, but every time there are new contents and some upgraded contents. I understand that the construction and application of online platform is to put the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform requirements in the investment field into place through system construction and technical support. In other words, the reform measures can be reflected on the platform. This is the important content of "Internet+government service".

Luo Guosan, inspector of the Investment Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter’s question. Photo by Guo Tianhu, China Net

In August last year, Premier Ke Qiang had a very important instruction, that is, he asked the platform to ensure its effectiveness and ease of use. On December 7th last year, Premier Ke Qiang personally came to the National Development and Reform Commission and started the vertical and horizontal connectivity, which means that this platform has been built for one year, and it is more important to make good use of it. In the past year, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has carried out two aspects of work around the requirements of effective use. One is to promote legislation and amendment of laws, so that the operation of the platform has the basis of laws and regulations. It’s also a coincidence that yesterday, the State Council officially issued the Regulations on the Administration of Approval and Filing of Enterprise Investment Projects, namely Order No.673 of the State Council, which was published in full by People’s Daily today and publicized on the website of China Municipal Government.

Article 4 of the Regulations stipulates that the project approval and filing shall be handled through the platform established by the state, and the project approval authority, filing authority and other relevant departments shall uniformly use the project code generated by the online platform to handle relevant procedures. There are two key words. One is the relevant departments, including the approval authority, the filing authority and other relevant departments. The second keyword is "project code". To express the relationship between approval, approval and filing and the platform in one sentence means that a series of procedures, such as approval and filing, planning permission, environmental assessment approval, land use approval and water intake permission, which need to be handled according to laws and regulations before the project starts, must be handled through the project code generated by the online platform, which is a very important legal regulation.

I would like to take this opportunity to invite all journalists and friends to vigorously publicize the Regulations, which is the first administrative regulation in the investment field since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. At the same time, we have also stepped up efforts to promote the revision of laws. Eight laws and seven administrative regulations involving streamlining pre-approval items are what we usually call "8+7 revision work", and important progress has also been made this year. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has passed the revision of seven laws, and the State Council is about to complete the revision of five administrative regulations. The "8+7" has completed the "7+5", and the other "1+2" needs to be considered as a whole with the reform in other related fields. At present, the Legislative Affairs Office is stepping up.

On the other hand, promote relevant departments and localities to jointly apply the platform. At the same time as the legislative amendments are completed, departments and localities should be urged to make good use of this platform. Just now, we also said that the online platform is an extension and deepening of the government service hall. In addition to the service hall of the National Development and Reform Commission we introduced, I believe the media have seen various halls of the government service center in local areas. This platform has all kinds of hall functions, as well as extended functions. In other words, all investment approval items are included in the hall, and they are accepted at one go and supervised throughout the whole process, and the physical hall is moved online and online. At the same time, through the analysis and release of big data, the functions of investment regulation, guidance and supervision are realized. This platform is first of all a service platform, but also a platform for information sharing. I would like to explain here that the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects was jointly built and applied by the National Development and Reform Commission in accordance with the deployment and requirements of the State Council, together with relevant departments and localities. However, this platform is not only the platform of the Development and Reform Commission, but also the common platform of relevant government departments at all levels involved in investment project management, which is a very important feature. In order to speed up the application of the platform, we joined 19 departments this year and issued a notice to speed up the application of the platform. At the same time, we also insist on scheduling and dynamic tracking every day, and constantly improve the application and data of the platform and related platforms.

The next step is to achieve four "further". One is to further clarify the operating rules of the online platform. At present, this method is seeking the opinions of departments and localities for the second time, and the working mechanism and operation rules of the platform are clarified through the implementation of the method, including the responsibilities of departments, business scope, operation process, operation and maintenance guarantee and so on. The second is to further expand the functions of the online platform, including the reserve of major projects of the National Development and Reform Commission, the preparation of a three-year rolling plan for government investment, the release of the central budget investment plan, and dynamic scheduling. Third, it is necessary to further play the regulatory function of the platform, strengthen monitoring and early warning by using the analysis of big data, and strengthen post-event supervision according to the requirements of refined management. The fourth is to further improve the docking and integration of online platforms and other related platforms, and jointly promote the sharing of government information.

【Zhao Chenxin】Thank you for your answer. Just now, Director Luo’s words touched me very much. He said that the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects is not only the platform of the National Development and Reform Commission, but also the platform of all participating departments and localities. I just thought, it can be further extended, not just the online approval platform for investment projects. All these "four platforms" are not only the platforms of the National Development and Reform Commission, but also the platforms of all participating departments and localities. It can also be said that it is a platform for serving the whole society and the people of the whole country, so it is also a platform shared by the whole society and the people of the whole country.

Next question.

【Economic information daily reporter】Just now, you mentioned that the four platforms are in the form of "internet plus government affairs". In terms of price supervision, what role and effect have they played in improving the level of modernization of price supervision? Especially in the current market environment, what kind of work plans are there for the next step? Thank you.

【Dong Zhiming, Inspector of Price Supervision and Anti-monopoly Bureau of National Development and Reform Commission】Thank you for your question. In recent years, with the deepening and promotion of price reform, a large number of commodity prices and service prices have been liberalized. In this case, how to strengthen the supervision after the event has become an important issue. The opening of the 12358 price supervision platform has become an important means and a starting point for strengthening supervision. Since the platform was opened on January 1, 2015, it has played an important role in regulating and effectively supervising price violations and achieved remarkable results.

Dong Zhiming, Inspector of Price Supervision and Anti-monopoly Bureau of National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter’s question
China Net Guo Tianhu photo

First, the channels of social demands have been greatly unblocked, and "one code at a time" has been realized, which has greatly improved the efficiency of supervision. At present, the 12358 price supervision platform has opened eight complaint channels to consumers, including mobile phones, fixed telephones, letters, visits, faxes, WeChat, mobile apps and websites. At present, we still have a short message, which is also being opened, and will soon be used as a complaint channel for consumers. This greatly unblocked the appeal and created a new model of online price supervision service. In particular, the channel functions of websites and WeChat have become increasingly prominent. Compared with the beginning of opening, the acceptance volume in a single month has increased by more than 20%. According to statistics, the number of reported complaints has increased by about 10% every year. Price supervision departments at all levels actively investigate and deal with cases according to reports, and the efficiency of handling cases has been further improved, so that "everything has results and pieces have echoes".

The second is to strengthen monitoring and early warning, and the emergency response capability has also been significantly improved. Just now, Director Zhao talked about the "camp reform". At that time, there was also a heated discussion. The platform received a large number of reports, and we immediately took action. Six units, mainly some hotels, fabricated price increase information and disrupted market order under the pretext of "camp reform", each of which was fined 2 million, totaling 12 million. In addition, since last year, there have been a lot of reports and complaints on the platform, including the well-known "Qingdao high-priced prawn" and "Hebei grassland Tianlu", and we all responded positively and played a very good role. Two days ago, the incident of "exorbitant rescue of Hunan Expressway" was well handled on the platform, and was investigated and dealt with according to law, which greatly improved our emergency response capability.

Third, the opening of the platform provides accurate clues about price violations. According to these clues, we investigated and dealt with a number of major illegal price cases, which effectively deterred price offenders and maintained the normal price order of the market. Just now, in addition to the recently investigated Medtronic medical device monopoly case, there are also eight recent maritime companies colluding in bidding cases. In addition, this year, through the clues of the platform, the illegal charges of the e-government platform of the relevant departments have been investigated and punished, which has prompted the relevant departments to stop the illegal charges for more than ten years, and can reduce the expenses for import and export enterprises by 120 million yuan every year. In addition, the local price authorities, for example, the Shaanxi Provincial Price Bureau, found the incipient problems in time, because the motor vehicle inspection fees were liberalized, and these inspection agencies joined forces to jointly raise prices, and the price authorities fined 5.76 million yuan according to law. The investigation and handling of these cases are based on the clues provided by the platform, and the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and business enterprises are safeguarded according to law. By the end of November, more than 1 million complaints and reports, including consulting cases, have been accepted, and the amount of penalties for price violations has reached more than 12 billion since the opening.

In the next step, based on the existing work, we will further build a big platform, build a big pattern, provide big services, and promote three changes in price supervision services: first, the main body of supervision will change from single to diverse, and social forces will be mobilized to participate extensively; Second, the content of supervision has changed from what the government thinks and what the market wants, insisting on problem-oriented and market-oriented; Third, the supervision mode has changed from passive investigation to active guidance. Based on the accumulation and analysis of big data, we can grasp the dynamic development and phased characteristics of the industry and establish a more targeted long-term supervision mechanism.

【Tencent reporter】I would like to ask the national credit information sharing platform, how do government departments get services from this platform? In addition, for ordinary people, what help can the construction of this platform get?

【Villi, Director of Finance and Economics Department of National Development and Reform Commission.】The national credit information sharing platform, as an important infrastructure to promote the construction of social credit system and support the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services", is mainly to provide better services for government departments in its functional orientation. Data comes from the government, and data also serves the government. For the services of government departments, it is mainly reflected in two aspects.

Villi, Director of the Finance and Economics Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, answered a reporter’s question.

First, realize the sharing and exchange of credit information. Before the construction of the platform, a large amount of credit information of a market subject was scattered in different government departments, so it was difficult for us to make a comprehensive, objective and accurate judgment on the credit status of a subject. The platform can be said to provide a basic channel and way for government departments to share and exchange credit information.

The second is to realize the coordinated linkage of departmental supervision. Because the collaborative foundation of supervision is information collaboration and reward and punishment collaboration. Just now, when colleagues in the Information Center demonstrated the sharing platform, we could see that we could provide the query of credit files first. We collected different credit information scattered in different government departments to form a credit file of market entities. This will meet the needs of government departments to use credit information, so we are also pushing various government departments to embed credit files and credit information into their respective administrative examination and approval processes and into their respective business systems, so as to realize that every newspaper must be checked and every office must be checked, which can really make this information useful.

Thirdly, the subsystem of joint punishment and joint incentive has been developed. The National Development and Reform Commission regards joint punishment as an important mechanism to promote the construction of social credit system, and regards joint punishment as the core operating mechanism of the construction of social credit system. Just now, the spokesman also introduced that since last year, it has signed joint disciplinary memorandums in nine fields with more than 50 departments. These memorandums cover important areas of concern to the people, such as safety in production, environmental protection, food and drug safety, product quality, e-commerce, etc. In addition, three joint incentive cooperation memorandums were signed for advanced customs certification enterprises, A-level taxpayers with tax credit and outstanding young volunteers. After this year, the National Development and Reform Commission will continue to expand the scope of implementation of joint rewards and punishments with other departments. Through the construction of joint rewards and punishments subsystem, the sharing platform provides functions such as sharing subject information, comparing and pushing information, and giving statistical feedback on rewards and punishments. It can be said that it provides basic information support for these signed and upcoming memorandums of cooperation on joint punishment, and also supports the work of joint rewards and punishments.

As for social services, it was also introduced in the demonstration just now that the website "Credit China" was built and operated on the Internet mainly by serving the public. At present, the main function of "Credit China" website is to provide the inquiry service of market subject’s credit information. You can find the basic information of market subject, information of administrative license and administrative punishment, negative credit information, and information of serious blacklist of punishment on Credit China website. You can print the credit report of the market subject with credit China watermark through the website, which can be used in government procurement, bidding activities and credit risk identification activities of market subjects. In addition, as an official website, it must provide services such as work trends, industry information, administrative regulations, etc. We hope to make this website a general window for the disclosure of credit information and also a general window with a stronger atmosphere of integrity.

In addition, for social services, our sharing platform realizes the interconnection, sharing and sharing of public credit information and commercial credit information with commercial banks, big data companies and Internet companies by signing a credit information sharing agreement and a credit information sharing cooperation memorandum to form a credit big data system and better serve the society.

【 Zhao Chenxin】Thank you, Director Li. Today’s briefing on the online observation of the "four platforms" is over. Thank you for your participation, and I hope you can report more. Thank you all.

China universities, why is it difficult to achieve scientific research results？

At present, there is an urgent need for the development of scientific and technological innovation in China. On the one hand, it is necessary to break through the international technical blockade and move forward from "China catching up" to "China leading" technological innovation path; On the other hand, it is to solve the practical problems of economic and social development and meet the needs of high quality of life and production.

For this reason, scientific and technological innovation can not only be solved by scientists in universities alone, but also requires the full participation of subjects facing the forefront of economic and social development, especially enterprises.

Through school-enterprise cooperation, the core scientific problems behind the key technologies needed for development can be solved, and at the same time, new technical routes can be defined or generated based on the reality of China, thus forming the core capability and the most appropriate development of China’s innovation system.

However, at present, the education management department focuses on patents, papers and vertical projects, which is not conducive to stimulating the motivation and willingness of universities and researchers to cooperate with enterprises.

Therefore,We should adjust the evaluation orientation of scientific research tasks in education departments and change "breaking five talents" into "establishing many talents"The application rate of patented technology, the cooperation projects, the establishment of technical enterprises by colleges and universities, horizontal projects and the joint construction of laboratories by schools and enterprises are all included, and the positive signals to encourage school-enterprise cooperation are released from top to bottom.

First, the necessity of strengthening school-enterprise cooperation

Scientific and technological innovation is the core of the overall situation of national modernization, and colleges and universities, as the key combination point of the first productivity of science and technology, the first resource of talents and the first driving force of innovation, have the resources and ability to serve the real productive forces of society. To serve the real productive forces of society, colleges and universities need to face a series of means to curb the rise of China’s science and technology in the western world, break through the technical containment and solve the technical problem of "sticking the neck"; It is also necessary to base itself on the real market demand and solve the problem that the theoretical research of colleges and universities is out of touch with the real market technology.

In this regard,School-enterprise cooperation is a key link.-The enterprise, as the main body, faces the market directly, understands the market demand, and hopes to apply scientific research to practical production. Therefore, universities and enterprises have strong adaptability and complementarity in scientific and technological innovation. School-enterprise cooperation can accelerate the transformation from basic research to applied research and truly transform the scientific and technological knowledge generated in universities into practical productivity.

But in reality, colleges and universities lack the motivation mechanism to cooperate deeply with enterprises.One of the main reasons is that the education department focuses on the theoretical research and teaching needs of colleges and universities, and the incentive for applied research in cooperation with enterprises is weak.

Generally speaking, the education department evaluates universities as the basis of university level and funding, including the number of "hat" talents, the number of professors, the number of discipline points, the results of discipline competitions, the number of provincial and ministerial-level projects initiated, and the number of international high-level papers published. University evaluation researchers take this as the basis of professional title evaluation, and tend to the number of class hours, the number of papers, the number of vertical projects and so on.

From the education department, to universities, and then to researchers, the top-down index assessment signals the importance of theoretical research and academic discussion, which makes universities and researchers lack motivation and willingness to conduct technical exchanges and R&D cooperation with enterprises.

In the long run, it will further aggravate the disconnection between scientific research and technical reality in colleges and universities, and continue to reduce the willingness of cooperation between schools and enterprises, resulting in the persistent problem of "two skins" of technology and production.

Second, the education sector’s scientific research task orientation is not conducive to school-enterprise cooperation.

The assessment of scientific research tasks in colleges and universities by education management departments focuses on patents, papers and vertical projects. Among them, patents are generally based on the number of authorized patents; Most papers are considered in the form of high-quality representative works; Projects focus on provincial and ministerial-level vertical projects, among which the number of projects of the National Natural Science Foundation is an important symbol to measure the scientific research strength of colleges and universities.

But whether it is patents, high-quality papers or vertical projects, in fact,They all focus on scientific and technological theoretical knowledge and are less directly linked to the technology market.These are not conducive to innovative breakthroughs in economic and social problems.

1. The number of patents granted as a basis for evaluation, the lack of patent transfer and transformation of the evaluation link.

In the absence of a clear grasp of patent quality, attaching importance to quantity or proceeding from quantity is an important reason for the proliferation of "sleeping patents" and the situation of "quantity without quality".

"Low-quality patents" often serve a project, a year-end assessment or a promotion of professional titles, but only fail to serve the solution of technical problems and the improvement of production efficiency. This just confirms that the current situation of patent proliferation and "quantity without quality" is not conducive to school-enterprise cooperation, because low-quality patents are difficult to apply to the market, occupy researchers’ energy, and are full of the evaluation system of higher education system.

2. As the evaluation content, high-quality papers lack guidance and attention to the topic selection.

In recent years, colleges and universities in China have gradually shifted from the number of papers in the past to high-quality masterpieces as an evaluation of academic ability. This is a great progress and reform. However, periodical papers and technical reality follow different research routes-periodical papers pay more attention to the progress of original theoretical knowledge and basic research, while technical reality pays more attention to market demand and application value of knowledge.

When the assessment orientation focuses on the quality of papers, it will indeed promote the progress of technical theory to a great extent, but paying too much attention to high-quality papers is not conducive to joint innovation between universities and enterprises. The so-called high-quality papers start with the ranking of journals, and the entry of top journals can naturally be called high-quality papers, but there is not much attention to the topic selection of papers.

Some applied engineering papers to solve the technical problems of enterprises, small technological breakthroughs in cooperation with enterprises,Often limited by the narrow theme, the lack of original basic theoretical breakthroughs and so on, it missed the top publication.This is actually a typical obstacle to the in-depth cooperation between college teachers and enterprises.

3. As a requirement for evaluation, the level and quantity of vertical projects lack encouragement and support for horizontal projects of enterprises.

Vertical projects and horizontal projects are essentially for scientific research, both of which are scientific research funds, but their levels and levels are quite different because of different sources of funds.

Vertical projects come from the government and horizontal projects come from the market.

The level and quantity of vertical projects, ranging from determining the scientific research level of an institution to determining the promotion assessment of a researcher, are also related to the evaluation of academic titles such as Jie Qing, You Qing, Changjiang Scholars and even academicians, and their importance is self-evident.

Horizontal projects can only be used as a supplement to scientific research funds, and have little effect on the development of institutions and researchers. With this downward trend, the attraction of school-enterprise cooperation is naturally greatly reduced.

Third, adjust the scientific research task orientation of the education department and encourage and promote school-enterprise cooperation.

Here, we still have to affirm the important value of patents, high-quality papers and vertical projects as assessment indicators. But,Some task orientations that are beneficial to school-enterprise cooperation can be added to the assessment, such as the application rate of patent technology, the cooperation system of revealing the list, the establishment of technical enterprises by colleges and universities, the entrustment of horizontal projects by enterprises and the joint construction of laboratories by schools and enterprises.These task orientations are particularly prominent in the science and technology innovation system of the United States, the world’s number one science and technology power.

The most typical examples are the "128 Highway" in the United States and the school-enterprise relationship in Silicon Valley. The core of "Highway 128" is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the northeastern United States.（MIT）, Harvard University, Boston University and other research universities, which encourage scientists and graduate students to develop research projects with commercial value, engage in part-time consulting activities and set up enterprises. Raytheon, Polaroid and sensor companies were founded by teachers and students of local universities.

The Silicon Valley in California is developed from the post-war electronic industry cluster, where famous enterprises like Intel, Hewlett-Packard and Lockheed are gathered, which are in close contact with universities in Silicon Valley.(such as Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco)There are close links in cultivating talents together, establishing joint laboratories, incubating research results and patent transfer.

Major companies in silicon valley. Source: Wikimedia commons Author: Samykolon

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Thanks to the close cooperation between schools and enterprises, the vitality of scientific and technological innovation in the United States has been stimulated to the maximum extent, and the scientific and technological dividend has been continuously fed back into social and economic production.

Then, how to strengthen the effectiveness of school-enterprise cooperation and stimulate the vitality of school-enterprise cooperation through the above indicators?

First of all,At the institutional level, the education management department can increase the indicators of school-enterprise cooperation in the scientific research assessment of colleges and universities, and set the assessment weight.

We can add the application rate of patent technology, the number of outstanding projects, school-level technical enterprises, horizontal projects and the number of laboratories jointly built by schools and enterprises to the assessment indicators, thus enriching the diversity of assessment contents.

Especially, the application rate of patent technology and the number of technical enterprises at school level are obviously more difficult than other indicators, so we can increase their assessment weight and improve the attention of colleges and universities from the index weight.

Secondly,Colleges and universities should set up professional and independent technology and innovation centers themselves.

Technology and innovation center should enjoy independent financial and personnel rights, and directly connect with major departments and laboratories in the school. At the same time, the Technology and Innovation Center should also invite technology transfer experts with backgrounds in science, engineering, finance, law and other disciplines. Their main tasks are to identify high-value patents, grasp the quality of patents in the field, connect value patents with enterprises, and jointly explore the patent application market for enterprises. At this point, the practice of Stanford University Technology Transfer Center has fully proved its value and effect.

of course，It is difficult to establish a complete and efficient technical transformation and application system.Therefore, the education management department can carry out pilot aid construction in "double-first-class" colleges with technological advantages, and focus the pilot scope on the ace applied engineering.

Researchers must also pay attention to the motivation and willingness of school-enterprise cooperation. In this regard, to enhance the willingness of researchers to participate in school-enterprise cooperation,It can be encouraged in scientific research achievements and evaluation time.

The first is the evaluation of applied engineering teachers. It can focus on the number of diagnoses of industrial technical problems, the number of market applications of patent achievements, and the number of research institutes or laboratories jointly established with enterprises.

Second, the number of horizontal projects entrusted by enterprises is also included in the evaluation system. Attach importance to and assess the application value of horizontal projects. The evaluation requirements for patent quality should also be added to the vertical project, and the newly established technology and innovation center can undertake the quality control requirements.

Third, the establishment of laboratories by schools and enterprises and the creation of enterprises with technological achievements are all achievements that take a long time to show, so the evaluation time of researchers in these projects can be relaxed.

Finally, it is necessary to enhance the ability of researchers to participate in school-enterprise cooperation.We can try to establish a "revolving door" system for school-enterprise technicians.

One solution is to reach a cooperation intention with enterprises on a certain category of industrial application scenarios, and set aside more than two years for technical personnel of both schools and enterprises."technical holiday"Conduct rotation research, give time and space for both parties to fully understand their theoretical knowledge and product requirements.

Through long-term familiarity and research on the production line, scientific and technological experts in colleges and universities can make theoretical technology and laboratory technology more grounded and focused, and make them more suitable for industrial processes and needs. Technical experts from enterprises can also enter colleges and universities. This not only strengthens theoretical study, but also brings project research in colleges and universities closer to the market, and makes the training of engineering students closer to the market.

Another solution isCo-constructing laboratory.The technical research of the laboratory directly falls into the production workshop of the enterprise, so that the technical experts of colleges and universities and enterprises can directly cooperate face to face on technology, debug the production line and jointly cultivate students.

Fourth, from "breaking five-dimensional" to "establishing multi-dimensional", clarify the direction of scientific research tasks in the education sector.

The application rate of patent technology, the cooperation system, the establishment of technical enterprises by colleges and universities, the horizontal projects entrusted by enterprises and the laboratory jointly built by schools and enterprises can not only verify the importance and support of colleges and universities for school-enterprise cooperation, but also verify whether the technology transfer institutions in colleges and universities are sound and perfect. ??

The top-down system transmission can feed back whether the researchers in colleges and universities have a strong willingness to cooperate with enterprises and whether they have the ability to cooperate with enterprises.

Therefore, incorporating the above indicators into the evaluation system of scientific research ability of colleges and universities by the education department can convey a positive signal to encourage school-enterprise cooperation, and encourage college researchers to turn part of their vision to market demand, thus responding to the practical problems of China’s economy and society.

At the moment of "breaking the five-dimensional" educational evaluation reform, we believe that we should realize the "multi-dimensional" evaluation system. In addition to the only papers and hats in scientific research evaluation, patent authorization, transformation and application of achievements, high-quality papers, vertical projects, projects that highlight the list, school-level technical enterprises, horizontal projects, and laboratories jointly built by schools and enterprises are all included in the multi-dimensional indicators.

On the one hand, the establishment of multi-dimensional index system enables researchers with two different technical routes, basic research and applied research, to have an evaluation grasp.Make the indicators more holistic and scientific.

On the other hand, improving the attention of all walks of life to school-enterprise cooperation can solve the realistic dilemma of western technology blockade by stimulating the vitality of school-enterprise cooperation. At the same time,Respond to the realistic problems of economy and society.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:IPP review (id: IPP-review), Author: Zhang Ruomei (institute for public policy, Assistant Research Fellow, South China University of Technology)

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