月度归档 2025年2月7日

Revealing the "Little Guard" of Automobile —— Important Mission and Replacement of Fuel Filter

When you are driving your car on the road, enjoying the speed and passion, have you ever thought that there is a quietly dedicated widget to escort your safe and stable operation? Yes, it is the fuel filter.

Although the fuel filter is inconspicuous in the complex mechanical world of the automobile, it plays a vital role, just like a loyal guardian, silently guarding the normal operation.

First, the main function of the fuel filter

The main function of fuel filter is to filter impurities in fuel, such as rust, dust and tiny particles. Clean fuel is the guarantee of efficient engine operation, and fuel filter is the key link to achieve this goal. For example, if the rust in the fuel enters the engine, it may wear the precision parts and affect the injection accuracy of the fuel; Dust and fine particles may be blocked, resulting in uneven fuel injection.

Second, the hazards of not replacing the fuel filter in time

1, affect the engine performance

With the increase of service time, the filtration effect of the filter decreases gradually, and impurities will enter the fuel system. This may lead to the blockage of the fuel nozzle, uneven fuel injection, weak acceleration of the vehicle and obviously worse power than before. For example, when overtaking, you will obviously feel the lack of power, which will affect driving safety.

Impurities may also be damaged, reduce its working efficiency, and even cause failure, resulting in the engine not starting normally. For example, in the cold winter, the fuel pump failure may make the vehicle unable to start, which brings great inconvenience to travel.

2, shorten the engine life.

Impurities entering the engine will aggravate the wear of internal components, such as pistons, cylinder walls and so on. In the long run, it will reduce the service life of the engine and increase the maintenance cost. For example, serious wear may lead to engine burning and further damage to the engine.

Third, the method of judging whether the fuel filter needs to be replaced

1, according to the mileage and time.

Automobile manufacturers usually recommend the replacement cycle of fuel filters in vehicle maintenance manuals, which is generally about 20 thousand kilometers to 40 thousand kilometers, and the replacement cycle may be shorter. When the vehicle approaches or exceeds this mileage, or when it is used for a long time but has less mileage, it should be replaced. For example, if your vehicle has been used for three years, but the mileage is only 15,000 kilometers, you may need to replace the fuel filter, because the performance of the filter will decrease after a long time.

2. Observe the change of vehicle performance.

Power drop: If it is found that the acceleration of the vehicle is weak and the power drops obviously, it may be that the fuel filter is blocked, resulting in poor fuel supply. For example, when climbing a hill, it feels harder than before, and the accelerator is slow to respond.

Increased fuel consumption: Because the filtering effect becomes worse, impurities enter the fuel nozzle and affect the fuel injection and combustion efficiency. Under the same driving conditions, the fuel consumption is significantly higher than before. For example, a box of oil used to run 500 kilometers, but now it can only run about 450 kilometers.

Engine jitter: Especially when driving at idle speed or low speed, the fuel pressure may be unstable due to the blocked fuel filter. For example, when waiting for the traffic lights, you can obviously feel the engine jitter.

3. Check the fuel system fault light.

Some vehicles are equipped with this light. When the fuel filter is seriously blocked or has other faults, the fault light may light up. If your vehicle fault light is on, check the fuel system, including the fuel filter, in time.

4. Disassembly inspection

For those who have certain knowledge and skills in automobile maintenance, the fuel filter can be removed for inspection. Observe whether the appearance is damaged or deformed, and gently shake it to listen to the sound of impurities. If the filter is abnormal in appearance or can obviously feel impurities inside, it needs to be replaced.

Iv. Precautions for replacing fuel filter

1, choose the right filter

Adapt to the car model: make sure that the fuel filter you buy matches your car model. Different models of fuel filters may be different in size, interface type and filtration accuracy, and the appropriate model can be determined by consulting the maintenance manual and consulting the automobile dealer or professional maintenance personnel. For example, the fuel filters of a medium-sized SUV and a medium-sized SUV may be quite different in size.

Reliable quality: select brand products with reliable quality to ensure the normal operation and long service life of the fuel system and avoid the damage caused by fake and shoddy products to vehicles. For example, well-known brands of fuel filters usually use high-quality filter materials, which can better filter impurities.

2. Prepare the right tools

Common tools: Replacing the fuel filter usually requires tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers. Before replacing, make sure you have the right tools and check whether they are in good condition.

Protective articles: Because replacing the fuel filter may involve fuel contact, it is recommended to prepare gloves and other protective articles to protect your own safety.

3. Preparation before replacement

Stop the vehicle and cool the engine: Before replacing the fuel filter, park the vehicle in a safe place and turn off the engine. Wait for a while to avoid being replaced.

Relieve the fuel pressure: Before removing the fuel filter, it is necessary to relieve the pressure in the fuel system. The release methods of different models may be different. Generally, the pressure can be released by unplugging the fuel pump or relay and starting the engine to turn it off naturally. Before doing this, be sure to consult the vehicle’s maintenance manual to ensure the correct operation method.

4, matters needing attention in the process of replacement

Caution: When removing and installing the fuel filter, be careful to avoid damaging the fuel pipeline and other components. Be careful not to let impurities enter the fuel system.

Correct installation: ensure that the fuel filter is installed correctly and the direction is correct. Generally speaking, there will be a sign on the filter indicating the direction of fuel flow. Install the filter correctly according to the sign to ensure its good sealing.

Moderate fastening: When installing the fuel filter, pay attention to moderate fastening. Too loose may lead to fuel leakage, and too tight may damage the filter or fuel line.

5. Inspection after replacement

Check the tightness: after the replacement, carefully check whether there is fuel leakage at the joint between the fuel filter and the fuel pipeline. You can start the engine and observe it for a period of time to ensure that there is no leakage.

Clear the fault code: If the fault light of the vehicle lights up before replacing the fuel filter, it may be necessary to use a diagnostic tool to clear the fault code after replacement. If the fault light is still on, check the fuel system for other problems in time.

In a word, it is necessary to operate carefully when replacing the fuel filter, select the appropriate filter, prepare tools, replace it correctly and make a good inspection to ensure the normal operation of the fuel system and the safe driving of the vehicle. If you are uncertain about the replacement process, it is best to seek the help of professional maintenance personnel.

Red River area Xingyue L price reduction news! The reserve price is 132,700, so don’t miss it.

[car home Honghe Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a preferential storm has been ushered in in the Honghe area, with the highest discount reaching 15,000 yuan and the lowest starting price dropping to 132,700 yuan. If you are interested in Xingyue L, you might as well seize this opportunity and click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

红河地区星越L降价消息!底价13.27万,不容错过

The exterior design of Xingyue L is full of power, the front face adopts family-style design language, and the air intake grille is decorated with a large area of chrome plating, which shows a strong visual impact with the sharp headlight group. The body lines are smooth, and the overall style is tough, giving people a sense of stability and dynamic.

红河地区星越L降价消息!底价13.27万,不容错过

Xingyue L has a body size of 4770*1895*1689mm and a wheelbase of 2845mm, showing a spacious and comfortable seating space. Smooth body lines, with 245/45 R20 tires and 20-inch rims, enhance the sense of movement and visual appeal.

红河地区星越L降价消息!底价13.27万,不容错过

The interior of Xingyue L adopts a simple and atmospheric design style, giving people a feeling of comfort and luxury. The leather steering wheel not only feels comfortable, but also supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet the individual needs of different drivers. The 12.3-inch central control screen occupies the center of the whole instrument panel, equipped with rich functions such as multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioning and skylight, and supports voice recognition control, providing a convenient operating experience for drivers. USB and Type-C interfaces are equipped under the center console, which is convenient for front and rear passengers to connect devices. In addition, the front seats are equipped with heating, ventilation and massage functions, and the driver’s seat is equipped with headrest speakers, which brings more comfortable riding experience to drivers. The backrest of the second row of seats can be adjusted, and the rear seats also support proportional reclining, providing more storage space. Generally speaking, the interior of Xingyue L has reached a high level in design, function and comfort, bringing users a pleasant driving experience.

红河地区星越L降价消息!底价13.27万,不容错过

Xingyue L is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine, with a maximum power of 175kW and a maximum torque of 350 N m. With the 8-speed automatic manual transmission, it provides excellent power performance for drivers.

The owner of car home commented: "The design is fashionable and elegant, and the lines are smooth, revealing an atmosphere of fashionable sports. The front face is decorated with chrome plating, forming an integrated design with the two headlights, which looks fashionable and stable. The 20-inch wheel is very cool, full of fashion, and the body is also high in passability. Sometimes, when you go back to your hometown, you are not afraid of hitting the chassis. "

QQ Music Summit is warmly invited to lead the new music trend and ignite the young heart!

  The highly anticipated QQ Music Summit will be grandly opened in the youthful Guangzhou University Town Sports Center Stadium from March 30 to 31, 2024. This grand event is not just a concert, it is a festival of cross-border music culture, an artistic feast that brings together diverse music styles such as pop, rap and electronic music, and it is also a platform to show the musical attitude and mental state of the younger generation.

  During these two-day activities, we will welcome nearly 40 top musicians from home and abroad. They not only have outstanding musical talents, but also have rich artistic connotations, bringing you an unparalleled music feast.

  Focus on March 30

  On this day, we will highlight the infinite charm of pop music, including but not limited to Ella Ella, vincent fang, Huang Zihong Fan, Lian Liu and many other famous singers and music producers, who will bring familiar melodies and brand-new music works, so that you can find new ideas in your familiarity.

  The highlight of March 31st.

  This day is a day to pay tribute to rap, electronic music and diversified music styles. Gem Gem, Boyuan, CARTA, Chen Linong and other industry leaders will take turns to show you the diversity and infinite possibilities of music with their unique music language.

  As spiritual ambassadors of this festival, Zhou Zhennan and Huang Zihong Fan will not only bring their masterpieces, but also share their love and pursuit of music, their musical journey and stories with the audience. What is even more exciting is that the guests of this ceremony will also discuss the "mental state of loving music" in depth through video sharing, and share their profound understanding and feelings about music. Do you also want to hear their true feelings? This is really a moment that can touch your heart!

  Young people show their "loving mental state" with their own characteristics, but they have one thing in common, that is, they are full of endless enthusiasm and vitality for life and don’t want to be limited by any bondage!

  Now, the ticket purchase channel has been opened. Just search for "QQ Music Peak Festival" in barley net, and you can easily purchase tickets and experience this unprecedented music feast in person. Don’t let waiting become a regret, join the QQ music summit ceremony as soon as possible, and experience the love of the younger generation with many music lovers this spring!

Disclaimer:


China Entertainment reprints this article for the purpose of transmitting more information, and does not represent the views and positions of this website.


The content of the article is for reference only and does not constitute investment advice. Investors operate accordingly at their own risk.

Putin changed Russian officialdom after eight years in power.

Special topic: Russia opens the era of "Mapp combination"-Medvedev takes office as president


    On May 8, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (right) and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin talked at the plenary session of the Russian State Duma. On the same day, the Russian State Duma (the lower house of parliament) held an informal plenary meeting and approved the nomination of Putin as the new prime minister by the new President Medvedev. Xinhua News Agency/AFP


    Special topic: Russia opens the era of Mapp combination: news person: new Russian Prime Minister Putin


    As Putin is about to become the Russian Prime Minister, the media have begun to "summarize" his merits and demerits during his eight years in power. Many people believe that during Putin’s eight years as president, the atmosphere of Russian officialdom has undergone many positive changes. From stopping drinking to reducing privileged cars, Putin has prescribed a dose of powerful medicine, which has eased some stubborn diseases in Russian officialdom.


  The alcohol in Duma tastes weak.


    Before Putin became president, many Russians remembered the Russian State Duma (the lower house of parliament) as a "place with a strong smell of alcohol", because Putin’s predecessor, Yeltsin, who was a heavy drinker, played an exemplary role.


    According to the bodyguard of Yeltsin, Yeltsin has been "drinking hard" since 7: 00 every morning, and has made several "embarrassing things" because of his love of drinking: in 1996, after running for re-election, Yeltsin raised a glass with his colleagues to celebrate, and when he was drunk, he rushed to the stage and danced wildly with rock music. On another occasion, Yeltsin visited Britain, and after his special plane landed, Yeltsin did not appear on the gangway for a long time. It was a long time before he got off the plane with a red face.


    But Putin is different. Because he is not interested in alcohol, and he is very disgusted with officials’ drinking, he seldom drinks in public. It is said that he once poured vodka from his cup into the flowerpot beside him at a banquet.


    Since Putin became president in 2000, Russia has passed at least two laws to restrict drinking: one is a bill prohibiting beer advertising in 2004; The other is a decree issued in 2005, which prohibits drinking beverages with alcohol content higher than 12% in public places.


    Influenced by Putin, there are fewer and fewer scenes of Russian senior officials toasting and drinking in public. According to Alexander Musin, the general manager of the Russian Political Information Center, Russian politicians rarely drink vodka and beer now, even if they drink alcohol. In the State Duma, members who had a good drink chose whiskey; In government departments, the more popular drink is brandy.



  Franchise cars are reduced by 85% in one year.


    A limousine with a blue warning light runs amok on the road, and other vehicles must make way for it unconditionally. Even if it goes backwards or makes an illegal U-turn, there will be no police intervention … This kind of scene is commonplace in Moscow in previous years.


    However, in recent years, this kind of scene has become less and less. This is because since 2006, Putin has severely rectified the privileged cars in Moscow.


    According to Russian media reports, before this, there were about 7,500 franchised cars in Russia, including 1,600 in Moscow. Privileged cars are generally high-class cars such as Mercedes-Benz and BMW, and there is a blue warning light on the roof. Most of the people sitting in these cars are high-ranking officials such as parliamentarians and ministers.


    It can be said that the existence of privileged cars has seriously affected the image of Russian officials in the eyes of the people. On the one hand, because of the brutal driving of privileged cars, public anger is aroused, on the other hand, the probability of accidents of privileged cars is also very high.


    As a result, Putin signed a decree in September 2006 and began to govern the franchise car. This decree stipulates: "The total number of vehicles (with special brands) shall not exceed 1,000, and these vehicles are limited to those engaged in protecting national security." As a result, in less than a year, Russia’s franchise cars have gradually decreased to the original 15%.

Price war doesn’t work "Three Links and One Reach". What is the price increase of dispatching parts fee and express delivery?

  On October 20th, at the 2018 China (Hangzhou) International E-Commerce Expo, visitors were experiencing receiving express delivery through face recognition technology. Photo courtesy of vision china

  The price of express delivery has increased again, and it is the dispatch fee again.

  A few days ago, ZTO Express announced that it will adjust the express delivery fee from the whole country to Shanghai, and the adjustment range will be implemented by local service outlets in combination with their actual conditions. Immediately afterwards, express delivery companies such as Yuantong, Shentong and Yunda also announced that they would increase the express delivery fee for all outlets in China to Shanghai by 0.5 yuan/piece. At this point, the "three links and one reach" have basically raised the cost of express delivery this year.

  However, in the business model of franchised express delivery, such as "three links and one service", the headquarters of the express delivery company is only responsible for trunk transportation, and the work of collecting and dispatching parts before and after is generally the responsibility of the franchised outlets. The dispatch fee is the fee paid by the participating outlets to the dispatched outlets. Therefore, this dispatch fee may not directly lead to an increase in the courier fee on the consumer side.

  In fact, a similar practice appeared on the eve of double 11 last year. Is the express delivery industry about to enter a new cycle of raising delivery fees every October? What new problems does the express delivery industry face when the price rises in the peak season?

  "Three links and one arrival" will increase the dispatch fee, and some express cabinets will also start charging.

  Last October, also on the eve of double 11, courier companies such as "Three Links and One Reach" also made similar moves. In addition, in the peak season of express delivery in the previous two years, the franchised express delivery companies have paid the dispatch fee. For example, before "double 11" in 2015, several express delivery companies raised the delivery fee from 1.5 yuan to 2 yuan.

  However, similar to last year, the delivery fee raised by the courier company may not have a direct impact on consumers. China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online reporter visited some express outlets in Beijing, and found that the express fee of consumers has not changed generally.

  Chen Qiangfeng, the person in charge of a ZTO Express outlet in Chaoyang District, Beijing, said that the delivery fee of the outlet has been raised, and the possibility of raising the delivery fee is not ruled out. "But at present, we have not received the notice of price increase with users".

  Shao Zhonglin, former deputy secretary-general of China Express Association and founder of Yongyong think tank, said that most of the "three links and one reach" express delivery outlets, and the profits of the headquarters are brought by grassroots outlets. If the headquarters requires price increases, it needs to be conveyed layer by layer, so how the express price at the sales end changes depends on the choice of each outlet.

  In addition, as another delivery method, express cabinets in some areas have also begun to change from free pick-up to charging strategy. "It seems that starting from this month, after the express cabinet is overtime, it will cost 1 yuan more to re-take out the package." Wang Yongliang, a citizen of Quanzhou, Fujian Province, said that the express delivery cabinets in his own community have also started to charge, but in the past, even if it took more than 24 hours, they could pick up the pieces for free.

  Xu Yong, chief consultant of Express Logistics Consulting Network, believes that the increase in dispatch fees last year and this year is a manifestation of the gradual establishment of floating pricing mechanism in express delivery industry. In his view, express delivery is similar to air tickets, hotels and other service industries, and it is a floating pricing model of "discount in off-season and price adjustment in peak season". With the approach of double 11, the "three links and one arrival" express delivery company, which is mainly based on e-commerce express mail, will also usher in the peak demand for transportation capacity. And this time, after dispatching the parts fee, it can also play a role in regulating supply and demand.

  "If the courier company can really establish a floating pricing mechanism, it will be a good thing for this industry and play the role of a traffic light." Xu Yong said.

  Growth stalls and costs rise. How to retain grassroots outlets?

  However, apart from double 11 and other time factors, there are deeper reasons for the price adjustment of franchised express companies again. After the growth of sturm und drang in previous years, the growth rate of express delivery industry has gradually slowed down. According to the data of the State Post Bureau, in 2017, the national express delivery business volume was 40.1 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 28%; Business income reached 495 billion yuan, up 24.5% year-on-year. Compared with previous years, both business volume and income have slowed down a lot.

  At the same time as the slowdown in growth, the profit rate of the industry is also gradually declining. According to the industry research data of CICC, the gross profit margin of express delivery industry has dropped from about 30% in 2007 to about 5~10% at present.

  Why is there a decline in business income growth and profit margin? Maybe we can find the answer from the cost. The "Three Links and One Reach" financial report shows that in the first half of 2018, the operating costs of Zhongtong, Yuantong, Shentong and Yunda were 5.253 billion yuan, 10.485 billion yuan, 5.371 billion yuan and 4.177 billion yuan respectively, up by 40.8%, 46.33%, 20.50% and 40.85% respectively compared with last year.

  The cost has risen sharply because it has to meet the growing demand for express delivery. According to a research report of changjiang securities, the highest daily average handling capacity of express delivery industry reached 330 million pieces in 2017. In the peak season like double 11, in order to ensure the normal operation of the express delivery network, express delivery companies often need to recruit a large number of temporary personnel and lease more venues and vehicles.

  Shenwan Hongyuan Securities Research Report believes that from the peak season of previous years, the demand is released in a centralized way, requiring outlets and distribution centers to add cars and people, and all costs are significantly higher than those in the off-season. The performance of the express delivery industry is often not prosperous in the peak season. Price increase and volume control in peak season can improve the profitability of outlets and headquarters in the fourth quarter. By increasing the dispatch fee in the peak season, it can help outlets screen high-quality customers and control the peak season business volume in the most economical business volume range, thus truly improving the profitability of the peak season network.

  Since most of the express mails of the "three links and one service" express company come from the e-commerce platform, the delivery end is particularly important outside the trunk transportation. However, with the rising labor costs and the hard work of express delivery, it is often difficult for grassroots express outlets to survive.

  As the person in charge of the first-line express outlets, Chen Qiangfeng also said that recently, many grass-roots express outlets in Beijing are recruiting people in advance to cope with double 11, but the progress is not as smooth as in previous years, mainly because many couriers have switched to delivery or express delivery in the same city. Compared with express delivery, the latter has more income and some rest time. In his feelings, the days of grassroots express outlets in the past two years are far less than those of three or four years ago, and many outlets have been resold for various reasons.

  To this end, courier companies have also tried various ways to mobilize the enthusiasm of grassroots outlets and retain couriers. In May last year, five express delivery companies, Yuantong, Shentong, Zhongtong, Yunda and Baishi, announced that they would allocate a piece fee of 0.15 yuan/ticket from June 1, 2017. Previously, Tiantian Express also raised the delivery fee.

  In addition to the delivery fee, the courier company also adjusted the face-to-face reward system for couriers last year. Take Tiantian Express as an example. If the courier reaches the delivery assessment value, each 0.2 yuan will be rewarded if it exceeds the basic value; If the target value is reached, each 0.3 yuan will be awarded for the part exceeding the basic value.

  In addition, many express delivery companies are also trying to make up for the shortage of manpower by adopting new technologies such as intelligent express cabinets. However, the construction and maintenance costs of tens of thousands of yuan and the unclear profit model are also plaguing the development of express cabinets. Take HIVE BOX Science and Technology, an express cabinet enterprise, as an example. It has installed about 75,000 intelligent express cabinets in communities and office buildings, covering 80 cities in China. However, from January to May this year, its operating income was 288 million yuan, and its net profit was-249 million yuan, which still caused serious losses.

  The price war is no longer effective, and the express price increase should also upgrade the service.

  For a long time, the express delivery industry has been regarded as a vivid portrayal of "whoever raises the price first, who loses the market first", especially the franchised express delivery that mainly relies on the development of e-commerce components. Therefore, in the past, the "three links and one reach" express delivery companies fought a price war to compete for market share.

  According to the industry operation data released by the State Post Bureau, the unit price of express delivery industry was 11.91 yuan in August this year, but in 2015, this figure was 13.4 yuan, 14.65 yuan in 2014, 15.69 yuan in 2013 and 18.6 yuan in 2012, showing a downward trend year by year. However, after several major express delivery companies went public one after another and the express delivery market gradually stabilized, price war is no longer the best choice.

  Xu Yong said that in the past two years, many express delivery companies have raised the delivery fee several times, which has a lot to do with the price war in the past. For some time, e-commerce has obtained the pricing power of e-commerce express mail by virtue of the advantage of supply, and even very low-priced products also provide postal services, mainly because they can earn the difference in express delivery. Therefore, the franchise express delivery industry has developed to today, and its cost performance has almost reached the best level in the world.

  However, with the rising cost of grass-roots outlets, especially the increase of labor costs, it is becoming more and more difficult to rely on manual delivery outlets. Xu Yong said that in the past, grassroots outlets may cut costs by not paying social security, but after the listing of express delivery companies such as "three links and one service", such practices gradually decreased, so problems such as resale, difficulty in recruiting workers and high turnover rate at grassroots outlets gradually emerged.

  Shao Zhonglin also believes that the development of "three links and one reach" express delivery has benefited from e-commerce express delivery for many years, but the sales price and cost of express delivery do not match. The survival and development of many grassroots outlets are mostly maintained by reducing service quality or sacrificing employee welfare. "This development is unhealthy."

  Many users also understand the express price adjustment, but they also hope that the corresponding service level can keep up. Zhong Li, a citizen of Chongqing, said that even if the express delivery company raises the price for consumers by 50 cents, even 1 yuan can understand it, but if the price increase alone does not improve the service level, it is very unreasonable. In his view, problems such as barbaric handling, privately dismantled express delivery, and lost express mail still exist, which cannot be solved by raising prices.

  Xu Yong also pointed out that on the one hand, consumers should gradually adapt to the floating pricing mechanism of the express delivery industry, on the other hand, express delivery companies should also adjust prices within a certain range, and at the same time increase service supply to ensure the same service level as usual, not only to ease the pressure of quantity, but also to find ways to solve qualitative problems.

  China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Wang Lin 

Popular science: It is said that AT gearbox has good reliability. Step on the accelerator with big feet at will. If you believe it, you will regret it.

For a long time, AT gearbox has been regarded as the shoulder of the gearbox industry, which is loved and touted by the majority of riders. It is fuel-efficient, resistant to operATion and can be trampled at will. As long as AT is mentioned, people will involuntarily think of these labels. However, from the actual maintenance ratio, AT is not as reliable and durable as the legend, and with the increase of service mileage and years, the failure rate of AT gearboxes is increasing day by day. The most important thing is that due to the high precision of AT gearboxes, the maintenance prices of 8AT and 9AT gearboxes are also expensive. So if someone tells you that the AT gearbox can be operated at will, you should give him a big face-scraper!

Why on earth? Please look down!

AT gearbox adopts planetary gear sets to change the transmission ratio, and the engine power is input to the input shaft through the hydraulic torque converter, and then the change is realized through the natural gear ratio of sun gear, and. Multiple clutches are designed in the gearbox to fix the planet carrier or ring gear of planetary gear sets to realize the output of different speed ratios. In addition, the combined speed ratio can be realized by fixing the planet carrier and ring gear of multiple planetary gear sets at the same time.

Usually, a set of planetary gears can achieve three different speed ratios, and six different speed ratios can be achieved through two sets of superposition. However, considering the actual speed output, not every speed ratio is usually effective.

AT gearbox and engine are usually buffered by hydraulic torque converter, and engine power is transmitted through. The hydraulic torque converter is actually a closed cavity filled with gearbox oil. The principle of power transmission is that the engine drives the pump wheel to rotate at a high speed, which drives the gearbox oil to flow at a high speed, and the gearbox oil drives the rotation, and finally drives the turbine to rotate synchronously. The output shaft of turbine is connected with the input shaft of AT to realize power transmission.

Because the transmission oil transmits power, the efficiency is relatively low. Therefore, in order to improve, it is considered that the hydraulic torque converter is internally designed with a lock-up clutch. After a stable start, when the speed reaches more than 10km/h, the lock-up clutch locks. Form. However, when starting, shifting and braking, the locking clutch inside the torque converter is separated, which can allow the speed difference to occur. Avoid engine stalling.

In order to protect the planetary gear set AT the back end of AT gearbox, the locking clutch of hydraulic torque converter is separated at the moment of gearbox upshift, and the multiple clutches in gearbox are quickly separated and combined at the moment of gearbox upshift, so as to realize different speed ratio output.

There are many parts of AT gearbox, usually reaching more than 400, especially for automatic gearboxes with multi-gears, such as 8AT, 9AT and 10AT. The size of parts is more compact and precise, especially for AT gearboxes with multi-gears, the shifting logic is very complicated and the valve body action is extremely complicated. There is a high requirement for the cleanliness of transmission oil. Therefore, AT gearbox needs to change gearbox oil regularly. Otherwise, the valve body may not open and close normally due to excessive impurities.

Many people think that AT is resistant to exercise, and can pedal with big feet and drive violently at will, which is quite wrong. The interior of AT gearbox is quite precise. When driving violently or even launching, although AT gearbox has a hydraulic torque converter for buffering, especially when shifting gears, the locking clutch can be released to form buffering, but the power transmitted by gearbox oil is also impactful. At the moment of shifting gears violently, the engine speed often rises rapidly, and the instantaneous impact force is relatively strong, which will certainly bring wear to multiple clutches used to lock planetary gear sets inside the gearbox. Therefore, the service life of the gearbox will be greatly reduced.

The key of automatic gearbox is to avoid shifting shock as much as possible.

  • 1. When starting, don’t hurry to refuel. After shifting into D gear, wait until the power is turned on and the gearbox is full of energy, so as to avoid high-speed impact. Don’t play until the ejection starts.
  • 2. Don’t drive violently with the big foot throttle when the car is cold, and the engine speed is too high, resulting in too much impact at the moment of shifting.
  • 3. Try not to use the manual mode unless necessary, especially for the instantaneous downshift of the high gear. Although the shift can be protected instantly, the speed ratio of the gearbox changes too much in the manual mode and the impact is relatively strong.
  • 4. Change the gearbox oil regularly, once every 60,000 yuan. It is recommended to change the gearbox oil by alternately combining the circulating machine and gravity, that is, after changing the oil in the circulating machine, replace the filter element at the same time at the next gravity oil change.

I am talking about cars, thank you for reading, and welcome to communicate in the comment area!

Panda hits the audience and turns "boycott" into a Don Quixote joke.


  Kung Fu Panda, a Hollywood summer animation masterpiece, officially appeared in China on Friday. At the premiere of the Shanghai Film Festival yesterday, artist Zhao Bandi’s appeal that "everyone in China should boycott Kung Fu Panda" obviously became a Don Quixote joke. There is a long queue in the second hall of Shanghai Cinema, and the audience is full. The Kung Fu Panda has not yet started, and the atmosphere at the scene has been very lively by a lovely and huge panda doll. The panda "Po" played for 100 minutes and the audience laughed dozens of times. At the end of the screening, the audience expressed their love for the film with warm applause. "It’s so beautiful and awesome!" As a China-themed Hollywood movie, ordinary audiences in China feel happy and excited from Kung Fu Panda, while filmmakers in China should feel ashamed and humiliated.


  "Po" made the audience laugh from beginning to end.


  Kung Fu Panda shows a martial arts world, and you can even regard it as an animal version of Kung Fu. Without the animation coat, it is a simple story of a little person who won by luck, hard work and courage. The hero is the big and fat panda "Po". He is lazy, clumsy and greedy. He usually helps his father (a duck) in the noodle restaurant. Only in his dream, he is a handsome and cool warrior with superb kung fu. He stumbled into the "God" in the Great Fairy Point of the tortoise.


  The candidate of "Dragon Warrior" is the same as the five masters (tiger, monkey, crane, mantis and snake). Under the training of the "raccoon" master, he becomes a generation of dragon warrior, and finally defends "Peace Valley" and defeats the evil ambitious remnant leopard. Kung Fu Panda can make you laugh from beginning to end, and the dialogue, modeling, plot, details, animal expressions and martial arts movements are all hilarious. For example, Po tried his best to enter the tournament. He climbed the 1888 steps and was panting. When he finally climbed to the door, he was about to cheer, but the door just closed. His first contact with kung fu training and his violent beating by the master are very funny. The plots of Bao’s "grabbing buns", "acupuncture" and "stealing cookies" make the audience laugh through the panda’s embarrassing and rich expressions. However, being fat also has the advantage of being fat, because even "acupoints" are useless to him.


  Master "Po" isJackie Chan


  The humorous and sometimes ugly fighting action of "Po" reminds the audience of Jackie Chan’s movies. Indeed, director Stevenson once said that Jackie Chan is the most important when designing actions for "Po" because his kung fu is full of humor and is closest to the theme. At the same time, "Jet Li and Bruce Lee’s kung fu are all referenced, even including Stephen Chow (Q bar)." What’s more striking is that the voice cast of Kung Fu Panda is quite strong, with Jack Black providing the voice for Po, Dustin Hoffman providing the voice for Master Raccoon and Angelina Jolie providing the voice for Tiger. There are Jackie Chan, Liu Yuling and others, and the Chinese version invites stars such as Wilber Pan and Patty Hou to join us.


  As the director said, Kung Fu Panda is a "love letter" dedicated to China, and everything in this film comes from China. In the film, those kung fu, pandas, landscapes, Tai Chi, temple fairs, calligraphy and acupuncture belong to China; Animals eat noodles, use chopsticks, and Tigress wears a Tang suit. Monkeys, poisonous snakes, red-crowned cranes, tigers and mantis are the most famous and distinctive representatives of boxing martial arts in China.


  "China filmmakers should wake up."


  In the past, Hollywood films based on the theme of China were more or less criticized for "not being China enough and misreading China". In Kung Fu Panda, the reporter found that Hollywood seems to have really "read" China. Except for the characters and props, the concept and culture of the film are all Chinese. Both Panda Po and Canbao are trying to get the secret book of the Dragon, but in fact, there is not a word in the secret book. Po learned the true meaning of "believe in yourself" from the secret book without words. Master Oogway’s series of proverbs: Everything is predestined, there is no coincidence in the world, and he said "My time is up" and then turned into a fairy, all of which won the essence of China culture. It seems that after a long period of "training", Hollywood has gradually been able to control the "mysterious and complicated" China culture, instead of just using some specious China elements to put on a show. Therefore, Kung Fu Panda is enough to make all China filmmakers feel ashamed. A movie fan sighed after watching it, "Everything in this movie is from China, but why can’t people in China shoot it?" When talking about the so-called Kung Fu Panda, which calls for a boycott of "taking advantage of the fire to rob", more viewers feel that it is better to retreat from the net than to boycott it. "It’s time to wake up." Kung Fu Panda "is so beautiful. China filmmakers should be ashamed. If we don’t work hard, we will give away everything."


  "Kung Fu Panda" detonated at zero in Nanjing


  This summer’s opening blockbuster, Kung Fu Panda, a 3D animated blockbuster produced by American DreamWorks, will meet the audience in mainland China from tomorrow. At the screening meeting in Nanjing yesterday, "Kung Fu Panda" made the adult audience laugh, and the general reaction was "good-looking, worth seeing!" Manager Ouyang Chong of the Workers’ Studio said that the Workers’ Studio will detonate Kung Fu Panda at 0: 00 tonight, which is the first time they have detonated an animation at 0: 00.


  With the heavy landing of Kung Fu Panda on June 20th, the summer movie file in 2008 officially kicked off. Just like the fat figure of the fat panda "Po", this summer’s first shock wave is absolutely heavyweight. "We have been ready for a long time. This time, we took a total of three copies, two digital films and one digital film. The numbers are in Chinese and English. The film is only available in Chinese. Ten of the 13 halls will be used to play Kung Fu Panda. On average, there will be a rolling broadcast of this film every ten minutes to a quarter of an hour, which is the film with the highest screening density so far this year. Such a high screening density is comparable to Zhang Yimou’s "Golden Flower in the City". " Ouyang Chong told the reporter excitedly that Kung Fu Panda was completely operated according to Hollywood blockbusters, not a simple cartoon. Ouyang Chong also explained why Kung Fu Panda was so popular with them. "This film is not for children in the traditional sense, but also suitable for adults. There are many fashion elements, including many China elements and humorous elements unique to the West, which are familiar to most audiences. "


  In addition to setting a record for the first zero-point detonation cartoon, the copy of Kung Fu Panda is specially encrypted, which can only be released at a specific screening time. This has set a record for the animation copy and encryption. A copy of a movie that needs to be encrypted like this, the first one earlier this year was forbidden kingdom. Tongli

Editor: Li Dan

Optimizing Algorithm Ethics and Building Network Civilization —— On the occasion of the publication of the Convention on Self-discipline of Algorithm Application in Internet Information Service

  With the development of Internet and information technology, the Internet platform has become the main carrier for the whole society to obtain information, establish contacts, inherit civilization, entertain and relax, and the construction of network civilization is in the ascendant. In the process of network civilization construction and development, algorithm technology has brought great convenience to Internet users, but at the same time, its bias and abuse have also aroused people’s doubts, which has also become an important topic in network civilization construction. How to promote the comprehensive governance of algorithm technology through optimizing algorithm ethics and empower and help build an upward-oriented network civilization? On November 19th, the Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms, initiated by China Network Social Organization Federation at the first China Network Civilization Conference, provided a very useful exploration for solving this problem.

  First, the algorithm and algorithm ethics

  Algorithm refers to the accurate and complete description of the solution, and it is a series of clear instructions to solve the problem. Algorithm represents a systematic method to describe the strategic mechanism to solve the problem. At present, the deep development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence is promoting the wide application of algorithm technology. Technology is a "double-edged sword". While the algorithm is widely used, it brings a lot of convenience to the society, it also causes ethical problems of the algorithm, which brings new challenges to the current construction of Internet civilization.

  Anderson proposed in Dependent Code: Advantages and Disadvantages of Algorithm Age that algorithms can really help us to process a large amount of data, which will bring many visible and invisible benefits, such as stimulating scientific breakthroughs, improving people’s creativity and self-expression ability, and creating new and convenient lifestyles. But at the same time, these benefits of the algorithm are accompanied by many challenges, such as too much pursuit of data and modeling, which will have various adverse consequences such as weakening human judgment, forming algorithm bias and deepening social differences.

  Therefore, it is extremely important to regulate the use of algorithms from the perspective of algorithm ethics. Algorithm ethics is based on the unpredictability of algorithm consequences and the value load of the algorithm, with respect, safety, prevention, transparency and friendliness as its basic criteria, and with cultivating the moral imagination of the algorithm design subject and following the value sensitivity as its approach.

  Second, face up to correcting the ethical anomie of algorithms and improve the civilized governance of cyberspace.

  Network civilization refers to a new form of civilization with the application of information network technology, which has a very wide meaning, mainly including three levels: network technology civilization, network spiritual civilization and network system standardization civilization. The purpose of network civilization construction is to create a healthy, orderly, safe, dynamic and pollution-free "green" network environment. Algorithm is not only the core element of information technology development, but also the key topic of cyberspace governance. Its hidden social attribute has imperceptibly influenced people’s social life.

  (A) algorithm ethics anomie infringes on network technology civilization

  Algorithms bring convenience to users to a great extent, such as algorithm recommendation to help users filter information. However, some scholars believe that with the wide application of algorithm technology, the autonomy of the algorithm itself is enhanced, and the autonomy of the person as the subject is weakened, which shows a trend of trade-off, and even the subject is hidden. Autonomy, that is, self-management, is the ability of the subject to construct his own goals and values and to make decisions freely and put them into action. This is because the algorithm technology itself is designed as a decision-making system, which also leads to more and more dependence on algorithms in many fields, such as policy making, social services, medical health, media communication, etc., while users’ own rights and interests such as choice and informed rights are infringed.

  (B) algorithm ethics anomie pollution network spiritual civilization

  Because the algorithm design mode depends on the existing social mode and the designer’s social cognition to a great extent, the algorithm design is often the reappearance of the current social mode and the designer’s thinking, which often substitutes the inherent prejudice and discrimination of society and designers, thus causing algorithm discrimination. However, the existence of algorithm discrimination and prejudice not only damages users’ right to know, but also infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of some groups. In addition, the use of many technologies such as algorithm recommendation leads to the increase of the influence of personal prejudice and social discrimination in cyberspace, which leads to public opinion polarization, network violence and other problems, thus polluting the construction of network civilization.

  (C) algorithm ethics anomie damage network system civilization

  Schoenberg pointed out in "Delete: The Way to Choose Big Data" that "the Internet has enabled human beings to live in a digital circular prison". In this era of big data, "the past is like a tattoo on our digital skin, forgetting has become the exception, but memory has become the norm". While users are living digitally, data records also leave traces. When minors access the Internet and use social media and other applications, their personal information and privacy, such as their faces, names, location information and browsing records, are easily recorded and preserved by these applications, leaving traces of data that are difficult to clear. Even algorithm technology collects and uses users’ information without their knowledge, thus infringing on their personal information rights and privacy rights and other related personality rights.

  Third, pay attention to the optimization of algorithm ethics, and build a network civilization that is upward and good.

  The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms puts forward new requirements for the technical subject of algorithms from the perspective of algorithm ethics and network civilization construction. Through summing up, it is mainly carried out around these three levels: first, using good technology to promote the construction of network technology civilization; Second, promote algorithm fairness and promote the construction of network spiritual civilization; Third, implement the responsibility of technical subject and promote the civilization construction of network system.

  (A) the use of good governance technology to promote the construction of network technology civilization

  Technical requirements such as "promoting innovation and development" are put forward in the self-discipline convention on the application of Internet information service algorithms. On the one hand, the algorithm governance mechanism is established technically, the algorithm governance organization is set up, the algorithm governance system is continuously improved, and the algorithm safety emergency management plan is established and improved; Implement algorithm governance measures, increase resource investment, carry out algorithm ethics review, carry out algorithm security risk monitoring, evaluation and prevention and control, and effectively handle algorithm security incidents. On the other hand, promote design R&D innovation, continue to carry out algorithm research and development, actively master key core technologies, and integrate into the overall pattern of global scientific and technological innovation; Governing the internet through algorithms. Promote the application and innovation of R&D algorithms in Internet and other related fields, and provide better services for national security, social progress and industry development. Promote the innovation of algorithm application, strengthen the application of algorithm in social and economic fields, and thus promote the construction of network technology civilization.

  (B) to promote algorithm fairness, and promote the construction of network spiritual civilization.

  The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms proposes to "abide by business ethics" and "practice socialist core values". On the one hand, technical subjects should actively practice and maintain mainstream values, take socialist core values into the core consideration, and abide by social public order and good customs and business ethics. On the other hand, technical subjects should resolutely implement the requirements of guiding opinions, strengthen industry self-discipline, and consciously accept supervision and management; Promote the fairness of information recommendation, effectively deal with invalid and false information, avoid algorithm bias and algorithm application data deviation, improve the optimization goal of recommendation algorithm, and thus promote the construction of network spiritual civilization.

  (C) the implementation of the main responsibility of technology, and promote the civilization of the network system.

  The Convention on Self-discipline in the Application of Internet Information Service Algorithms emphasizes the institutional requirements of "implementing the main responsibility" and "strictly observing laws and regulations", and requires technical subjects to abide by the law from the aspects of information release, information review and personal data and privacy protection, thus promoting the civilized construction of the network system. First, it is to strengthen the consciousness of subject responsibility, fulfill the obligation of algorithm governance, and assume the responsibility of algorithm governance. Strictly abide by the relevant national policy documents and laws and regulations, strengthen the awareness of law-abiding and compliance, continue to study laws and regulations, carry out algorithm applications according to laws and regulations, and resolutely do not touch the legal red line, so as to promote the civilized construction of the network system.

  Author: Special commentator Ji Weimin (deputy director, researcher and doctoral supervisor of Institute of Industrial Economics, China Academy of Social Sciences)

  Zeng Leixiao, a master of China Academy of Social Sciences, contributed to this paper.