标签归档 西安桑拿网

The Communist Party of China (CPC) has the most reason to be confident

  [New Ideas and Practice of Governing the Country]

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "in today’s world, if any political party, country or nation can be confident, then the Communist Party of China (CPC), People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese nation have the most reasons to be confident". The Communist Party of China (CPC) has the most reason to be confident. This important assertion shows the confidence and determination of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to unite and lead the whole party and the people of all nationalities to realize the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.

  1. The connotation and boundary of party confidence.

  The so-called self-confidence of political parties, in today’s historical context, refers to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s full affirmation of his own value and firm belief in his own vitality. The connotation of party self-confidence can be understood from multiple dimensions.

  From the subjective dimension, party self-confidence is the result of two-way interaction and joint action between "self" and "the other", and it is the organic unity of "self-confidence" and "Thaksin". "Self-confidence" is embodied in the firm confidence of party member and Party organizations at all levels in the Party, and "Thaksin" is embodied in the trust and confidence of people of all ethnic groups in the Communist Party of China (CPC). Without the trust of the people, the confidence of political parties will be difficult to achieve.

  From the perspective of time and space, party self-confidence has dual meanings of nation and world, time and space. On the one hand, the party’s self-confidence is based on the unity of historical cognition, realistic evaluation and future expectation, that is, it highly praises communist party’s struggle history for more than 90 years, highly affirms communist party’s realistic performance, and highly expects the development prospect of communist party. On the other hand, the self-confidence of political parties is also based on the rational cognition of the history of international political parties and the history of international communist movement. In today’s world, when it comes to the contribution of a political party to a country and a nation, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is fully qualified and has reason to be confident.

  From the theme dimension, party confidence is not abstract, but has its specific content. People’s trust in communist party and recognition of communist party are embodied in the recognition of the party’s basic theory, line and program, the development path, system model and values chosen by the party, and the party’s ruling ability, strategic objectives and lofty ideals.

  Theoretically speaking, the self-confidence of political parties is not blind, but has its theoretical support. History and people’s choice of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is not determined by historical contingency, nor caused by people’s willfulness, but the inherent requirement of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of China’s social development. In contemporary China, only the Communist Party of China (CPC), armed with Marxist theory, and no other party can shoulder the historical responsibility of national independence, people’s liberation and national prosperity, and can solve the problem of the future and destiny of the Chinese nation.

  Party confidence is not arrogance. As a rational judgment of the social subject, party confidence is, in the final analysis, a rational self-confidence, a sober self-confidence, a self-confidence with principles, limits and a sense of abiding by borders. Self-confidence of a political party means not to dwarf or belittle itself, but it is not based on dwarfing or belittling other political party systems. The self-confidence of political parties should be an eclectic, open and inclusive self-confidence in essence. Today, our emphasis on maintaining confidence in the Communist Party of China (CPC) does not mean that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is perfect. Self-beauty is self-confidence, and beauty of beauty is also self-confidence. Being complacent is a sign of self-distrust, while narcissism is a sign of blind self-confidence. Whether the Communist Party of China (CPC) can face up to its own shortcomings and absorb the advantages and disadvantages of human political civilization is an important yardstick to measure whether the Communist Party of China (CPC) is really confident or not. The western view of political parties characterized by pride and universal mission is not true self-confidence; The narrow view of political parties oriented towards narcissism and characterized by isolation is not really self-confidence.

  Party self-confidence and "four self-confidences" are essentially two sides of the same thing. The greatest common denominator of "four self-confidences" is Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and "four self-confidences" is Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s self-confidence in the final analysis. So, what is the relationship between Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Communist Party of China (CPC)? General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership." In this sense, adhering to the "four self-confidences" implies confidence in the Communist Party of China (CPC); Adhering to the self-confidence of political parties also contains "four self-confidences." Party self-confidence and "four self-confidences" are intrinsically unified in the whole process of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s career.

  2. The historical logic of party self-confidence.

  Party self-confidence is not made, but grown. Since its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always been on the way to catch the exam. More than 90 years’ practice has proved that our party has handed over brilliant answers in this historic exam, which is the historical logic of party confidence.

  First, the Chinese nation’s transition from chaos to governance cannot be separated from the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership.

  Since modern times, China has gone through three stages: troubled times, managing the world and good governance. From 1840 to 1949, it belonged to the chaotic stage of "no one can manage it". At this time, China’s mountains and rivers were broken, with internal troubles and foreign invasion.

  In terms of internal worries, in the first and middle of the 19th century, people’s poverty led to the outbreak of Bailian uprising, Taiping Rebellion and Nian Army Uprising. At the end of the 19th century, the Boxer Rebellion with the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries" appeared. As a result, the Qing Dynasty was not helped up and the foreign countries were not destroyed. At the beginning of the 20th century, the old democratic revolution led by revolutionaries stirred China, and the Qing Empire was tottering. In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 was the final blow, and the Qing Dynasty collapsed. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was no peace for the warlords. In 1946, the national government tore up the peace agreement and three years of civil war started.

  As far as foreign invasion is concerned, in 1840, the first Opium War broke out, the British laborers made an expedition, and the door of the Great Qing Dynasty was opened. In 1856, the Second Opium War broke out, and the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing and burned the Yuanmingyuan in 1860. In 1883, the Sino-French war broke out, "France won without defeat, and China lost without defeat"; In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out and the Beiyang Navy was wiped out. In 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing; In 1931, the Japanese army invaded the northeast and the three northeastern provinces fell; In 1937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way, and most of China fell into the jaws of death. Under the heavy ravages of western powers, the national self-confidence accumulated by the people of China in 5,000 years collapsed.

  It can be seen that since modern times, the Chinese nation has been plagued by internal troubles and foreign invasion, and the society is in a state of disarray. All political forces outside the Communist Party of China (CPC) are short-lived, and they have become passers-by in a hurry. Since modern times, Chinese has been struggling to save the nation from extinction. The peasant revolution, constitutional monarchy, restoration monarchy, parliamentary system and presidential system have all been thought and tried, but the results have not worked. China is still in troubled times. Finally, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was chosen, and China realized the historical transformation from chaos to governance, which opened a great journey to rebuild national self-confidence.

  Second, the people of China cannot stand up without the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

  "The people of China have stood up since then!" What a simple declaration, however, without understanding the humiliation of kneeling, it is impossible to understand the meaning of standing and the weight of these words.

  In modern times, the aftermath of the prosperous time of Kanggan has not gone far, but the fate of the people of China has ushered in a 180-degree turn. Yesterday, Chinese, whose back was still straight, fell into the abyss of kneeling for a living. Today, we can’t forget how humiliating it was that more than a hundred years ago, just over 2,000 troops bombed the heavily guarded Qing port, and just 20,000 troops captured the capital of a big country. We can’t forget how humiliating it was that more than 100 years ago, the garden of ten thousand gardens was set on fire and the vast territory was slaughtered. We can’t forget what a humiliation it was more than 100 years ago, when "Chinese and dogs are not allowed in"!

  The Revolution of 1911 ended the history of feudal dynasty rule, but it did not end the history of humiliation of the Chinese nation. The Great Qing Dynasty fell, but the people of China did not stand up. We can’t imagine that more than 10,000 Japanese troops in Northeast China occupied Shenyang in one day, Liaoning in one week and the three northeastern provinces in three months. How did this happen? We can’t imagine how North China, Shanghai and Nanjing fell in less than half a year after the Lugouqiao Incident. We can’t imagine that a few Japanese soldiers could drive crowds of Chinese to die, and the Nanjing Massacre was terrible. How did this happen?

  In fact, the old China was wantonly ravaged by the great powers for only one reason: the spirit has fallen on its knees, not only because of its weak national strength and military strength, but also because of its weak spirit, weak will and weak leaders. It was not until the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s appearance that this situation was fundamentally reversed. The people of China have stood up, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Communist Party of China (CPC) are the mainstay; The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is not only the founding war of New China, but also Chinese’s rite of passage. Since the people of China stood upright in the east of the world, the balance of wrestling between the East and the West has changed, and the days of bossing around by the West have ended.

  Third, China’s appearance from waste to prosperity cannot be separated from the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership.

  Old China, riddled with holes, is in ruins. In the early 1950s, Mao Zedong said in "On Ten Major Relationships": The face of our country is "one is poor, the other is white". Poverty means that there is not much industry and agriculture is not developed. White’ is a blank sheet of paper, and its cultural level and scientific level are not high. " The industry is quite backward, and even daily necessities are imported from abroad. "Foreign fire", "foreign oil" and "foreign cloth" are historical witnesses.

  The China Miracle is the most important historical event in the world today. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China’s development achievements have shocked the world and completely got rid of the danger of being expelled from football. From being poor and white, to ranking second in the world in terms of economic aggregate; From the era of "foreign font size" to a complete industrial system; From the lack of food and clothing for the people to entering the ranks of middle-income countries in the world; From the shortage of materials to the top spot in global trade in goods; From isolation to unswervingly promoting economic globalization, China experienced phoenix nirvana and completed a magnificent turn from the edge of the world to the center of the world stage. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said, "Now, we are closer to the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, and we are more confident and capable of achieving this goal than at any time in history." The great success of China Road is enough to support the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s confidence and confidence!

  3. Theoretical logic of party confidence.

  The Communist Party of China (CPC) is an advanced political party armed with Marxism. The great victory of revolution, construction and reform led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in China is, in the final analysis, the victory of Marxism and its China, and the victory of scientific socialism. The Communist Party of China (CPC) stood at the commanding heights of science, morality and the overwhelming majority, which is the theoretical logic of party confidence.

  Self-confidence of political parties stems from the scientific nature of guiding ideology. The Communist Party of China (CPC) always regards Marxism as his guide to action, and insists on constantly enriching and developing Marxism in practice. He is a faithful believer, staunch defender and great practitioner of Marxism. The latest achievements of Marxism and its China-ization constitute the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s "cultural background" and "spiritual soul", and the truth of Marxism constitutes the theoretical cornerstone of party self-confidence. The scientific nature of Marxism lies in that it reveals the development law of human society with irrefutable facts and powerful logic, points out the correct direction for the development of human society and the liberation of all mankind, solves the "historical mystery" for the first time, and lays an ideological peak that is hard to reach so far. Today’s world is advancing according to the development track described by Marx. The new changes of capitalism and the new trend of economic globalization are continuing to confirm Marxism rather than falsify it. China’s historic practice and the great success of China Road have strongly witnessed the scientific nature of Marxism. "Marx" is still a huge figure that cannot be bypassed in the 21st century. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are still scientific tools for people to correctly understand the world, predict the future, and formulate action countermeasures. The basic principles and spirit of Marxism are still followed by the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the latest achievements of Marxism in China are still the ideological weapons for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to govern the country. The doctrine we believe in is the truth of the universe, which is the biggest reason for our firm party’s confidence.

  Party self-confidence stems from the supremacy of value pursuit. In the final analysis, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s value pursuit is the value pursuit of Marxism. Marxism unswervingly pursues fairness, justice and common prosperity, the freedom, democracy and human rights of the proletariat, and the free and all-round development of everyone. Isn’t this more practical and useful than the abstract value pursuit of the West? What reason do we have to belittle it? Marx studied the law of the development of human society all his life, with the aim of criticizing capitalism and burying it. As long as there is exploitation, oppression and inequality in this world, "Marx" will always live in the hearts of working people and all upright people who pursue progress and justice, and communism will always be a banner for people to pursue liberation. What reason do we have to abandon it? Communist party’s ideal society in the future has got rid of the double slavery of power and capital, eliminated exploitation and oppression, spread fairness and justice everywhere, and everyone can develop freely and comprehensively. Isn’t this the most ideal society, and why should we refuse it? Communist party stood on the moral high ground, which is the greatest confidence of our firm political party.

  The self-confidence of a political party stems from the people’s nature of its political stance. The people’s trust and support are the source of strength and mystery of the party’s self-confidence. The people’s position is communist party’s fundamental political position, representing the people’s interests is all communist party’s interests, and serving the people is communist party’s fundamental purpose. "People" is the true belief of communist party people, which is completely different from bourgeois political parties and is the fundamental sign that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is different from and superior to all other political parties. Bourgeois political parties represent the interests of capital, "capital" is the real master and the only master of capitalist society, and capital logic is the eternal political logic. The Communist Party of China (CPC), on the other hand, is always on the side of the overwhelming majority, which is the greatest strength to strengthen the confidence of our party.

  4. The confident world vision of political parties.

  With the transformation of national history into world history, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s historical position should also be examined from the perspective of the world.

  First, from the perspective of ruling ability, the political party system with characteristics of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China has distinct comparative advantages.

  Compared with the western political model of separation of powers, multi-party election and taking turns to sit in the village, China’s political system is characterized by adhering to the organic unity of party leadership, people being masters of the country and governing the country according to law, and implementing the people’s congress system, multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), regional ethnic autonomy system and grass-roots mass autonomy system. The comparative advantages of China’s political system are roughly as follows:

  The ability of social integration. The political party system with China’s characteristics can effectively integrate social resources, concentrate on major events, overcome the disadvantages of mutual conflicts and constraints between different parties and interest groups, and avoid "polarized" politics and "veto regime" that are opposed for the sake of opposition. For example, American scholar Fukuyama believes that "polarized" politics has become the mainstream in the United States, and "veto politics" is prevalent, which is related to the long-term reform.

  The strength of strategic planning. One of the advantages of China’s political system is that it can formulate long-term development plans, maintain the stability and continuity of major policies, and link today’s cause with tomorrow’s cause. The current interests are combined with long-term interests, and the local interests are consistent with the overall interests, without being affected by the change of political parties in the West. This is simply impossible in those countries that change the ruling party in a "merry-go-round" way.

  Efficiency of decision-making. The Communist Party of China (CPC) advocates rejuvenating the country by hard work, speaking with facts, responding to emerging challenges in a timely manner, advancing things in an orderly manner, and "doing things one after another" for long-term matters, which is unimaginable in those western countries that "do things one after another" or even "do things one after another".

  A system of selecting talents and appointing people. The training and selection mechanism of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ruling team also has advantages, such as orderly replacement of national leadership, emphasis on grass-roots experience and multi-level experience, free from the constraints of consortia, populism and acting tricks, which can avoid the election of rich spokesmen, populist leaders or mediocre politicians.

  Mechanism of self-purification. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has not made mistakes, but unlike other political parties, the Communist Party of China (CPC) can correct his own mistakes. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has made remarkable achievements in punishing corruption and curbing the "four winds", which shows the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ability and determination to purify and improve itself.

  Second, judging from the ruling effect, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s report card is hard to compare with that of any other political party in the world.

  In the history of the world’s political parties, who can shoulder the two major historical responsibilities of "saving the nation from extinction (revolution)" and "national rejuvenation (construction)"? As American scholar Fei Zhengqing said, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has created a "revolutionary world miracle" in the past and a "developing world miracle" today. This is the greatest political, economic and social change of mankind so far. No nation in the world has experienced such a great institutional change and such a rapid increase in wealth in such a short time.

  In terms of system reform, the Communist Party of China (CPC) united and led the people of China to complete the new-democratic revolution and achieved a great leap from feudal autocracy to people’s democracy. Completed the socialist revolution and established the basic socialist system, which laid the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for all the development and progress of contemporary China; It started a new great revolution of reform and opening up, established the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and achieved a great leap for the people of China from standing up to becoming rich and strong. The institutional model initiated by the Communist Party of China (CPC) has defended the diversity of political civilization, provided a "China plan" for the development of human society, and proved that the western political model is not the only and universal plan.

  In terms of wealth growth, China has created an earth-shattering development miracle in the history of human social development in the past 30 years. In dollar terms, China’s GDP in 2016 is roughly equivalent to 2 Japanese, 3 German, 4 British, 5 Indian, 6 Italian, 7 Canadian and 8 Russian. More than 700 million people have been lifted out of poverty, contributing 70% to global poverty reduction. Data don’t lie, facts are the most convincing. Brilliant report card is the profound reason why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can avoid the pendulum effect of western political parties and win people’s long-term trust. However, when some people in the West praise China’s development achievements, they often bypass the political party factor intentionally or unintentionally. In fact, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it also constitutes the key password of China’s miracle. You can’t decode contemporary China without understanding the Communist Party of China (CPC).

  Thirdly, in terms of the problems faced, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has achieved better results in a shorter time and at a lower cost under the double test of time and space compression.

  China is a very unique sample. It has a huge territory, a long historical depth, a large population, multi-ethnic and multi-religious, and the high-quality genes of Chinese culture coexist with feudal dross. The difficulty of governing such a country is incomparable to other countries. Compared with the West, China’s problems show typical characteristics of "time-space compression".

  Let’s look at time compression first. China has spent more than 30 years on the road that developed countries in the west have traveled for more than 100 years or even hundreds of years. The problems of corruption, environmental problems and the gap between the rich and the poor, which are concentrated in China today, have gradually emerged in the west for a long time span. For example, in the United States, separatist contradictions broke out in the 1860s, corruption in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and environmental problems broke out after World War II, while polarization has continued to this day and is becoming more and more intense. It can be seen that these universal contradictions are diachronic in western countries, but they have become synchronic in our country; The western ruling party can solve these problems in turn, but our party should solve them simultaneously, which obviously doubles the pressure on communist party. However, compared with western countries at the same stage of development and emerging economies at the same stage of development, China’s governance is much better, the severity of contradictions is much lighter and the cost is much smaller.

  Let’s look at space compression. The development of China can only be planned based on its own territory, and the problem of China can only be solved by its own strength, which is totally different from the logic of the development of western powers. In the past, great powers supported their own development through colonial plunder. For example, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, France and Britain all developed under the support of huge colonies several times, ten times or even dozens of times larger than their own territories, and all tried their best to transfer and export domestic contradictions and risks to the whole world. Today, China can’t repeat the old road of colonial expansion, transferring risks and exporting contradictions by western powers. Peaceful development, risk sharing and mutual benefit are our only options; The development of China has not caused trouble to other countries, but has become a smooth ride for the development of other countries; In the past, China made "contributions" to the development of western powers through land cession, reparations and concessions. However, today, western countries set up many obstacles to our development through Xinjiang, Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong, terrorism, the South China Sea, exchange rate, market economy status, military threats and diplomatic containment. It can be seen that China is developing in the cracks of the West, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is becoming more and more confident in meeting the challenges.

  5. Dialectical wisdom of self-confidence of political parties.

  Now, a few people lack the confidence of political parties. In my opinion, if we exclude the position factor, this kind of emotion still has its objective background. China does face many problems today, such as unbalanced regional development and challenges to solve; Corruption and the "four winds" problem once flooded the country, seriously overdrawing the people’s trust; Wait a minute. The Communist Party of China (CPC), as the ruling party, is also the responsible subject of course, and it seems natural for the board to hit itself.

  So, how should we treat the problems existing in contemporary China? The author thinks that there is a methodological problem, that is, we must adhere to the scientific methodology.

  First, we should look at the problem in a dialectical way. When you look at anything, you should say two words and oppose any one-sidedness The whole history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has a major side and a minor side; There are both successes and problems. We should see both sides. At the same time, these "two sides" are primary and secondary, and they are important. Among them, achievements are the main ones, and problems are not the main ones. Looking at problems depends on the mainstream and grasping the main side. Looking at the Communist Party of China (CPC), we should not only boldly affirm our achievements, but also bravely face the problems. You can’t ignore the problem and be blind and confident because of your great achievements; We must not deny our achievements and lose confidence because of problems. It is wrong in method and dangerous in practice to take a one-sided view of problems and blame all problems on the Communist Party of China (CPC), and fail to see the uniqueness and comparative advantages of China’s political system.

  The second is to look at the problem from the essential height. Everything, the phenomenon is intuitive and naked, and the key is to grasp the essence. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the window has been opened, and fresh air will come in, as will flies and mosquitoes. The process of China going to the world is also the process of the world going to China. In this process, some negative things in the west will come with the wind, but the open China has not lost itself and alienated itself. For example, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s political stance of putting the people first, the development goal of common prosperity, the value pursuit of fairness and justice, the great dream of national rejuvenation and the lofty ideal of communism have not changed. On the contrary, under the complicated background of "drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" and western containment, the Communist Party of China (CPC) defended and developed socialism. With his historic practice, the Communist Party of China (CPC) declared the end of the "final conclusion of history", the bankruptcy of "Western centralism", the bias of the linear historical view that "there is no other way but capitalism", the broad prospect of socialism in the 21st century and the broad value of Marxism in the world.

  The third is to look at the problem from the historical trend. History always follows a tortuous road and rushes to the other side of the ideal. The problems faced by contemporary China belong to developing problems, which are symptoms of adolescence and growing pains. These problems can be effectively solved through the reform of various institutional mechanisms, the self-improvement and self-development of the socialist system, and the self-purification within the party. For example, building a well-off society in an all-round way has made us see the hope that all people can share the fruits of reform and development, comprehensively deepening reform has made us see the hope of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, comprehensively administering the country according to law has made us see the hope of building a China ruled by law, and comprehensively administering the party strictly has made us see the hope of building a clean and honest politics. In a word, China will constantly surpass the reality and tend to the ideal in the reform and development, which is the general trend of contemporary China and the great logic of historical evolution. Perhaps this process is gradual, but we are already on the right path.

  6. Consolidate the confidence of political parties in the course of reform and development.

  The problem is indelible and inescapable. Facing the problem directly, analyzing the problem and solving the problem are the logic of the problem development; When the old problems are solved, new problems will appear again, and so on. This is the logic of historical development.

  Even if a political party has thousands of reasons, there is no reason why it cannot solve the outstanding contradictions and problems in society. History chose communist party because communist party confronted the "three big mountains" that weighed on the people of China at that time and solved the big problems of national independence, people’s liberation and people’s happiness that no other party could solve. The people chose communist party because communist party represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and has solved the major problems of concern to hundreds of millions of people.

  The self-confidence of political parties has never been established, and it cannot be regarded as something that has been completed and finalized; It is open, generated and unfinished, and party self-confidence can only be reasonably understood as a process, a process of continuous generation and continuous achievement.

  History will not end, and reform and development will have confidence. Party confidence is not a slogan, but an action. Party self-confidence is essentially a kind of practical self-confidence. In other words, whether the Communist Party of China (CPC) has self-confidence depends on how communist party does it. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has dared to take responsibility and forge ahead, insisting on the goal of "two hundred years" and working day and night on the great journey of national rejuvenation. The supply-side structural reform kicked off, and the economic giant was moving steadily under the new normal of economic development; Precision poverty alleviation has become a national strategy, and poverty alleviation has been accelerated; Cure haze, defend the blue sky, blow the signal, and green China is put on the agenda. At the same time, the AIIB, which was established in China, was formally established and opened, actively promoted the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, participated in the reform of the global governance system, and promoted the building of a community of human destiny, with a growing circle of friends. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s reform measures and development ideas not only focus on itself and the world, but also provide a "China plan" for mankind while solving its own problems, which promotes its own development and also drives the world to develop together. Every step forward in China’s reform and development will lay a solid foundation for the confidence of political parties.

  In short, the confidence of political parties has never been innate, nor is it once and for all. Today, profound changes have taken place in the world, national conditions and party feelings, and the confidence of political parties cultivated in reality is more vital and lasting.

   (Author: Chen Shuguang, a professor at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee)

Some cancer screening is useless or even harmful.

Original Wang Chenguang returned to the park

At the end of each year, many institutions will organize collective physical examinations, and the unit will also spend money to give employees another additional benefit: increasing cancer screening programs. Today, the concept of "early detection and early treatment" of cancer is deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and this kind of "welfare" will undoubtedly be welcomed. As everyone knows, tumor screening is not completely beneficial.

Author | Wang Chenguang

At the end of last year, the author did an annual physical examination in the United States and consulted his family doctor about skin eczema and digestive tract symptoms (flatulence and nausea at that time). Shortly after the new family doctor retired from the army, after knowing the medical history and completing the physical examination items, he issued two referral letters, one for dermatologists and the other for gastroscopy.

According to the information in the referral letter, the author made an appointment for gastroscopy. On the day before the examination, the author received a phone call from the doctor in charge of gastroscope, and at the same time received system information with the same meaning. The general contents are as follows:

I am Dr. XX, and you are scheduled to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) on December 19th. I checked your chart. As a gastrointestinal doctor, I don’t think we should start with this procedure because it has its own risks and benefits, and according to the records of your family doctor, I don’t think this is the first thing we need to do. Your blood tests (including liver and blood cell count) are normal, so I won’t give you such an invasive test with the risk of surgery and anesthesia.

At the moment when gastroscopy screening has almost become the standard for physical examination of middle-aged people, such communication may be rare. On the contrary, domestic medical institutions often actively advocate and recommend various screening programs. Why did this specialist give such advice? The reason can be summed up in one sentence, that is, disease screening for healthy people, including cancer, cannot be implemented unconditionally.

The key to screening is to weigh the benefits and hazards.

Before discussing this problem further, we need to understand several similar concepts. This is also the first question that the author should ask whenever a friend sends me the examination results and asks me for advice: Is this the result of routine physical examination or the result of the examination items given by the doctor when he sees a doctor after symptoms? This problem involves the classification of inspections according to their purposes.

If you feel unwell to see a doctor, the examination prescribed by the doctor is not a screening, but a confirmed examination; If the purpose of the examination is to find high-risk factors of cancer, such as colonoscopy and cervical smear, and to intervene in advance or provide basis for regular examination in the future, it belongs to preventive screening, and the purpose is to find precancerous lesions that have not yet developed into malignant stage; If the purpose of the examination is to find asymptomatic cancer tissues, such as mammography, and provide evidence for further diagnosis (biopsy) and treatment (surgery), this is an intervention screening. The latter two are screening programs based on healthy people.

As far as cancer screening is concerned, its purpose is to find out before normal tissues become cancerous or cancer tissues cause symptoms, but this is not the whole content of cancer screening. To be valuable for screening certain or some cancers, a technical means needs to meet three conditions at the same time: first, it is a prerequisite to be able to find precancerous lesions or cancer tissues as early as possible; Secondly, it is to reduce the chances of people who are screened regularly getting cancer or dying of cancer, which is the purpose; Finally, the benefits of screening must outweigh the harm, which is the key point.

Considering the screening content as the key point is based on two facts: some screening is invasive and will lead to bleeding or other injuries; No screening method can be 100% accurate. False positive results are likely to be accompanied by over-diagnosis and over-treatment, while false negative results may make people lose their vigilance against subsequent symptoms.

Next, based on these two facts, the author will talk about which screening is beneficial or useful, and which is not and may be harmful.

There are actually very few types of necessary cancer screening.

Except for high-risk people with a family history of cancer, some special screening programs are applied. There are not many cancer screening programs for healthy people. The following cancers can be screened, but only the suggested methods are meaningful.

Breast X-ray examination for specific groups is the best way to find breast cancer early. Specific groups are first of all age-limited groups. Different guidelines give different ages for the first screening, and the age between 45 and 50 covers almost all the guidelines for the first screening. This is because the incidence of breast cancer in women before the age of 40 is very low, about 15 cases per 100,000 people. For women over the age of 65, there are nearly 450 cases per 100,000 people, and the risk is 30 times higher. Many women in China may have had mammography before the age of 45.

Pap test can find abnormal cells that may become cancerous in the cervix, while HPV test can confirm the virus (human papillomavirus) that causes these cell changes. The guidelines given by different professional institutions are similar in the age of starting screening and testing items, which are basically as follows: the age is between 21 and 29, and they receive Pap smear examination every three years; Women aged between 30 and 65 can choose one of the following three options: continue to have Pap smear every 3 years; HPV testing and screening every 5 years; Pap smear examination and HPV detection screening were performed every 5 years.

Colorectal cancer almost always develops from precancerous polyps of the colon or rectum. Colonoscopy screening can find polyps and remove them before they become cancerous. For ordinary healthy people, the first screening is recommended at the age of 50. If abnormal hyperplasia such as polyps is not found, it can be screened again after 10 years. If a few polyps are found, removed and pathologically benign, they can be screened again after 5 years.

Low dose CT for lung cancer screening. It is suggested that the screening population should be those aged 55 to 80, who have a history of smoking and have given up smoking for no more than 15 years.

In addition to the above, all other types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer and thyroid cancer, have no specific benefits. Not only is it useless, but it has known definite harm. Any screening that does not meet the above recommendations is excessive.

Sometimes, overtreatment is more harmful than cancer.

Prostate cancer screening program may appear in a considerable proportion of middle-aged men’s physical examination reports in China. Next, take prostate cancer screening as an example to see that some cancer screening programs are useless or even harmful.

In the early 1990s, prostate specific antigen (PSA) was included in the physical examination program of American medical institutions as a means of prostate cancer screening. In the first two years of this screening project, the "achievements" were remarkable, and a large number of suspected prostate cancer patients were screened out. A variety of imaging and even biopsy diagnostic tests followed, some people were excluded from prostate cancer, some people were diagnosed with prostate cancer and underwent surgical resection and a series of subsequent treatments.

However, controversy ensued. Some experts believe that PSA leads to overdiagnosis and treatment, and some experts believe that this screening can help some patients to find and treat prostate cancer early, which can save lives.

Right and wrong? Evidence-based medicine has played a decisive role here. With the expansion of screening population and the accumulation of data, professional organizations organized experts to judge the data, and quickly reached two main conclusions: the increase of PSA level of healthy people participating in screening was more caused by benign prostate diseases, and most men with increased PSA level did not suffer from prostate cancer; A few patients who are subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer may never threaten their lives.

Therefore, professional organizations quickly revised the previous guidelines for screening prostate cancer, and did not recommend PSA as a single indicator for cancer screening of healthy people, only for auxiliary diagnosis or for monitoring the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.

What are the factors that make PSA unsuitable as a screening project for prostate cancer? There are roughly three factors, which are also applicable to cancer screening programs provided by most current medical institutions.

The first is the lack of specificity in testing. As mentioned earlier, an elevated PSA level does not necessarily represent prostate cancer. Other prostate diseases such as prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia may also lead to the increase of PSA, and this situation is higher in healthy people without prostate symptoms. This lack of specificity makes PSA test prone to misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis in the screening process.

Secondly, PSA test can’t distinguish between chronic and invasive prostate cancer. Many men suffer from chronic prostate cancer in their old age, but this kind of cancer usually grows slowly and does not pose a threat to life. Using PSA as a screening index may lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, which will bring unnecessary risks and burdens to patients.

Finally, the screening results and subsequent medical actions will cause physical and psychological troubles to patients. Although early diagnosis and early treatment can save some patients’ lives in theory, it seems to be true for individual patients. However, the follow-up medical measures based on PSA screening results are overdiagnosis and may lead to overtreatment for more people in the group. This conclusion is based on a set of data: even if patients are finally diagnosed with prostate cancer, about half will not show symptoms for the rest of their lives, and 80% of patients who die within 15 years of diagnosis will not die of prostate cancer.

In contrast, once the screening is positive and diagnosed, it is often difficult for patients to refuse treatment, and the adverse reactions of radical prostatectomy include perioperative complications, erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Radiotherapy can cause acute toxicity, leading to urgency, dysuria, diarrhea and rectal pain, and long-term side effects include erectile dysfunction, rectal bleeding and urethral stricture.

You shouldn’t eat a free lunch.

The benefits of tumor screening are often exaggerated, while its risks are often diluted or ignored. As individuals, we all hope that we are the one who saved our lives by early detection and early treatment, but it is easy to ignore the fact that the result of participating in screening is more likely to be over-diagnosed.

The annual physical examination package provided by many units for employees contains a number of cancer screening projects, and many people check it with the mentality of "free, no white check"; There are also many people who think that screening is better than no screening, and more screening is better than less screening. In such an atmosphere, it takes courage for a person to refuse screening when colleagues and friends around him are doing it.

All these people don’t realize the fact that physical examination is also a medical act. Being positive for cancer screening is no different from being diagnosed with cancer in medical essence.

On the other hand, people who do cancer screening do not want their screening results to be positive, but screening positive is the significance and value of a screening (in order to achieve early detection and early treatment).

Because cancer screening may "trigger" the subsequent continuous medical behavior, before you go to do a necessary cancer screening project that is not mentioned above, you might as well ask yourself: Can I face the positive result calmly?

The author is a doctor of biology. He used to be a researcher at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, an associate professor in the Department of Cancer Biology and a professor at Union Medical College. He is currently engaged in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs.

This paper is supported by the popular science China starry sky project.

Produced by: Science Department of China Association for Science and Technology

Producer: China Science and Technology Press Co., Ltd. and Beijing Zhongke Xinghe Culture Media Co., Ltd.

Copyright statement: individuals are welcome to forward, and any form of media or institutions may not reprint or extract without authorization. Reprint authorization, please contact the backstage in "Back to Park" WeChat WeChat official account.

Original title: "Some cancer screening is useless or even harmful"

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Most of the rumors of college entrance examination are fraud, keep your eyes open and beware of being fooled —— A summary of the list of rumors about college entrance examination

  The college entrance examination is related to the future of thousands of students and the expectations of many families, which attracts much attention every year. Related rumors and false information take the opportunity to breed, and even more criminals take the opportunity to cheat and mislead candidates and the public. Based on netizens’ reports and related interpretations of rumors, China Internet Joint Rumor-dispelling Platform selects typical and warning rumors in all stages of college entrance examination, forms a list of rumors related to college entrance examination, reveals rumors, scientifically interprets policies and conveys the truth.

  "Online selling answers to college entrance examination questions" is really a scam.. College entrance examination questions and answers belong to the top secret materials of the country, and their storage and transportation have extremely strict management measures. Not only that, according to China’s Criminal Law, if cheating in the exam is true, it will be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years depending on the seriousness of the case. In the early stage of the college entrance examination, those who peddle the so-called "answers to the true questions of the college entrance examination" on the Internet and flaunt such tempting information as "high accuracy" and "full payment after the examination" are all fraudulent routines of criminals, who often lose contact immediately after obtaining personal information and defrauding money.

  "The marking of the college entrance examination only catches up with the progress, regardless of right or wrong" is pure nonsense.. Marking the college entrance examination is a very serious work. The current marking evaluation has strict and detailed rules, and a marking quality monitoring system has been formulated to ensure the quality of marking evaluation. Before and after the results of the college entrance examination are announced every year, rumors such as "marking whether right or wrong" and "scoring indiscriminately" will come to the fore. This information is often lack of factual basis, or because of nonsense and arbitrary speculation, or because of the wishful thinking of candidates and parents with unsatisfactory results in the college entrance examination. These irrational rumors have created more anxiety and dissatisfaction and damaged the credibility of the college entrance examination.

  “‘ Hacking ’ Can modify the college entrance examination scores "and" use ‘ Internal big data ’ Accurately fill in the volunteers? " They are all made out of nothing.. After the results of the college entrance examination were released and on the eve of volunteering for the college entrance examination, some lawless elements on the Internet claimed that "knowing hackers can modify the results of the college entrance examination with money", or that "mastering internal big data can accurately fill in volunteers", but parents of candidates are required to pay high-priced "service fees" and "consulting fees". Such rumors take "hackers", "internal" and "big data" as gimmicks and routines, and use the anxiety of candidates and parents to commit fraud, which not only defrauds money, but also may mislead candidates to fill in their volunteers and even delay future development.

  “‘ Well-known university ’ Recruiting low-scoring candidates "and" parents’ dishonesty affects their children’s going to college "mislead the public.. Scams such as "you can go to college without filling in your volunteers" and "you can go to a prestigious school with low scores" are specially designed for candidates and parents with poor admission results. "diploma mill" and "fake universities" such as "Henan Communication University" often use names that are easily confused with well-known universities and colleges, copy the regular university official website, and recruit students illegally and defraud money in a confusing way. There are also rumors such as "parents’ dishonesty affects their children’s going to college" that misinterpret policies, create gimmicks, and mislead public opinion.

  China Internet joint rumor platform reminds students and parents that the rumors of college entrance examination are mostly scams, so please keep your eyes open and beware of being fooled.

  Source: China Internet Joint Rumor Platform

  Producer: Jing Ke

  Supervision and examination: Dong Xiao

  Editor: Yan Dandan

  Proofreading: Jia Yutao

Join forces to fight the "epidemic"! In some districts of Guangzhou, the second round of "Fire Eye" laboratory for all-round nucleic acid detection was carried out to help fight the epidemic.

CCTV News:Pay attention to the news of epidemic prevention and control, focusing on Guangzhou. Yesterday (June 6) morning, Guangzhou held a press conference on epidemic prevention and control. Chen Bin, deputy director of the Guangzhou Municipal Health and Wellness Committee, introduced that the whole staff’s nucleic acid testing has covered 11 districts in Guangzhou. Since the start of the nucleic acid investigation on May 26th, as of 24: 00 on June 5th, 16,088,100 nucleic acid samples have been collected in Guangzhou, and 33 people have been found to be positive.

National monomer laboratory with the highest daily flux for nucleic acid detection was established.

The monomer laboratory with the highest daily throughput for nucleic acid detection in China was built in Guangzhou on June 5th and put into use yesterday (6th).

The laboratory is composed of 15 gas film cabins, equipped with Qualcomm automatic virus nucleic acid extractor and other equipment. After it is put into operation, it will be tested in shifts around the clock, so as to further enhance the nucleic acid detection ability in Guangzhou.

Du Yutao, Commander-in-Chief of Guangzhou Fire Eye Laboratory:We made an emergency survey of the site on the evening of June 4th, and completed the construction in 10 hours.

The detection capacity of this newly-built laboratory is 150,000 single-tube daily flux. If the 10-1 mixed sampling technology is adopted, the highest detection capacity of nucleic acid samples can be 1.5 million people per day. At the same time, it has the characteristics of high volume compression ratio, folding and disassembling, flexible site selection, rapid transportation and rapid layout.

Full-time nucleic acid detection combined with epidemic situation

At present, the second round of all-staff nucleic acid testing has been carried out in some districts of Guangzhou, and volunteers, community workers and medical staff can be seen fighting side by side at every nucleic acid testing point.

In Tianhe South Street, the staff also provided on-site service for residents who could not be present for nucleic acid sampling.

Luo Shidong, member of the Party Working Committee of Tianhe South Sub-district Office:Especially for the elderly who are inconvenient to move and stay in bed for a long time, after we collected their situation, a group of medical staff specially came to collect them.

Baiyun District of Guangzhou opened a green passage for the elderly and children, and also sent a special car to pick up and drop off the elderly with mobility difficulties.

Guangzhou has been adjusted from a low-risk area to a medium-risk area.

The Medical Prevention and Control Team of COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Office in Guangzhou released a message yesterday. Since June 6, No.398 Huifu West Road, Xianhu Community, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Zhonghai Oak Garden (H1 to H4 buildings), Xiaoyang Street (No.20 and 22) in Changgang Street and Shadizhi Street (No.21 and 23) in Binjiang Street have been adjusted from low-risk areas to medium-risk areas. The risk levels in other regions remain unchanged.As of 12: 00 yesterday, there were 2 high-risk areas and 8 medium-risk areas in Guangzhou.

Leaving the ear and leaving the province requires a negative nucleic acid certificate within 48 hours.

Yesterday morning, Guangzhou COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters issued a notice: personnel travel management will be strictly enforced, and personnel in medium and high-risk areas and closed areas will stay indoors, and personnel in closed areas will only be unable to enter or leave;If the general public does not have to leave the ear or go out of the province, they must have a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours from 12 o’clock today.Traffic stations such as roads, railways, civil aviation, ports and docks should strengthen the guidance of people flow, avoid people gathering, and carefully check passenger information; All kinds of public transportation, taxis, and network cars should strictly implement prevention and control measures such as wearing masks, ventilation and disinfection, and do a good job of personal protection for staff; All kinds of public transportation should implement the prevention and control requirements such as temperature detection, bright code travel, and no red and yellow code passengers.

A new confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Longgang District.

A newly confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported yesterday in Longgang District, Shenzhen. It was a close contact of Case 1 of the "May 21" epidemic. It was included in the centralized isolation health observation on May 21, and was released from isolation on June 2 and transferred to home health monitoring for 7 days. It belongs to an imported related case. So far, one confirmed case (common type) and 15 asymptomatic infected people have been found in the "5.21" epidemic in Shenzhen.

Zhanjiang, Guangdong: Wuchuan reported a case of asymptomatic infection in Covid-19.

The Office of novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province reported yesterday that there was a case of asymptomatic novel coronavirus infection in Wuchuan City. The infected person Rong Moumou returned to Wuchuan City from Guangzhou at 2: 57 on May 31. At present, he has no symptoms such as cough, fever and sore throat, and is being treated in isolation in the designated hospital of Zhanjiang City. The COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Command of Wuchuan City has launched an emergency plan overnight. At present, the close contacts and sub-close contacts have been included in the centralized isolation medical observation, and various disposal work such as tracing the source, environmental disinfection, nucleic acid screening and investigation and control of key populations in key areas are being carried out in an orderly manner.

In the first half of 2017, the top ten rumors in the circle of friends were announced: Tell parents not to believe.

  [Global Network Technology Comprehensive Reporter Lin Di]Today is the last day of June, and 2017 is already halfway through. The circle of friends we usually brush is often rumored and repeatedly banned. This morning, WeChat officially announced the top ten rumors in the circle of friends in the first half of 2017. Some rumors are really confusing. In addition to the traditional rumors spread by words and pictures, new rumors tend to be video-oriented, which is even more harmful.

  The following are the main contents of the top ten rumors in the circle of friends and the harm index. Look carefully, and don’t get shot again!

  Top ten rumors of friends circle

  1. The floss on the floss bread is made of cotton

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★★

  Rumor content:

  In late May, videos of several pieces of floss soaked in floss bread were circulated on the Internet. The photographers came from different regions, but the content was basically the same: after buying floss bread or cakes, the floss above was soaked in water, and the floss turned into white flocs in the water. The photographer claimed that the floss was actually made of cotton, and the white flocs could be lit with a lighter as proof.

  China Food Medicine News, the official WeChat platform of the State Food and Drug Administration, refuted the video of "Meat muffin wrapped in cotton":Meat floss and cotton are different in composition and taste, so it is almost impossible to pretend to be meat floss with cotton.

  The essence of meat floss is muscle fiber, and the main component is protein, which will melt when put into your mouth, and the taste is soft. The essence of cotton is plant fiber, the main component is cellulose, which is an insoluble fiber. Although it looks soft, it is not chewy. In other words, if cotton is really used to pretend to be fluffy, it will be seen through when it is eaten.

  Relevant experts also pointed out that the "burning" identification method used in the video seems scientific, but it is actually not reliable. It is a common phenomenon that food can be ignited, because it contains protein, fat, carbohydrates and other combustibles. The main ingredient of the floss is protein, which can definitely be ignited, just like the hair can be ignited, and there will be a burnt smell. The main component of cotton is cellulose, which can be ignited, but it will not be burnt.

  The spread of this rumor video has caused some netizens to question and worry about food safety, and even related products have been returned and removed from the shelves, causing great losses to some enterprises.

  Comments:

  Many people like to eat bread or cake. This video reminds everyone not to be fooled in the name of caring about everyone’s daily life, but it has achieved the opposite effect. A famous person once said, "Prejudice stems from ignorance. "In fact, rumors are the same. People who want to make these videos should carefully verify them before releasing them, and don’t tell the world in a hurry because of their cognitive bias, which will make people panic.

  2. The emoticon pack was invented by the Japanese, and you have to pay for it.

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★

  Rumor content:

  "Dear brothers and sisters, please take a good look at all Chinese sons and daughters in the following words, don’t you know? This is the expression pack/::/:/:and so on. It was invented by Japanese devils, and you earned 0.01 cents once you requested it on WeChat. This alone is broadcasted nearly 100 million times a day. Do the math? How many times are expressions requested every day? And how much RMB will the Japanese devils earn? We in Chinese are unconsciously giving money to the Japanese. From now on, I won’t order a single expression. I hope the family can see it? I hope that Chinese children will try not to send these expressions again, and only those who broadcast on CCTV 1 will know. I hope that all groups will forward, and the merits will be boundless! "

  These expressions exemplified in rumors are actually collectively referred to as Emoji, commonly known as "emoji", and their meanings come from Japanese painting characters (ぇもじ). The original "Emoji" expression was really invented by the Japanese: it was invented by a Japanese named Kurita Chongchong in the late 1990s. However, it has long been included in the Unicode Consortium, an international non-profit organization, which is responsible for its maintenance and management.

  It is free and unlimited to obtain a copy of Unicode data files and software to process data files or software-that is, there is no charge for emoji, and the system emoji of WeChat is also provided to users for free.The idea that someone can share the money by forwarding these emoticons is totally untrue.

  Comments:

  I can’t believe that these expressions we use every day will be the target of rumors one day. . . Please feel free to use it, but secretly tell you that Xiaobian’s favorite expression recently is Tencent’s own design: [smirk]

  3. Four fake monks appeared in a certain place to steal kidneys.

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★★

  Rumor content:

  A video content claims: This is a real event that happened in xx. Recently, four fake monks entered the room to anesthetize a family of four and stole their kidneys on the grounds that they exchanged old banknotes at high prices. The video is just a picture of the family’s funeral, which is unbearable.

  Truth:

  In fact, the rumor about "monks stealing kidneys" has appeared in many parts of the country, but it used to be a text version, and now it has become a video version.

  There are many versions of this rumor, such as "138 monks stole kidneys", "pregnant women were stolen kidneys when giving birth" and "gangs stole children to get organs", etc., but they have all been confirmed as rumors. Weibo and WeChat, the official police officers in many places across the country, have also refuted such news one after another, saying that they have not received such alarm recently.

  The real situation recorded in the video is a murder case in Xihua County, Henan Province on June 11 this year: a local villager killed his family of four with a knife because of a dispute with the villagers. This incident has nothing to do with "four monks stealing kidneys".

  Moreover, it is not so simple to steal kidneys to buy and sell living organs. The stories that organs are gone after being fascinated by drugs have been proved to be sensational urban legends. Organ transplantation needs matching, and this matching is not a simple blood type matching, but also requires the tissues of both donors and recipients to be as close as possible, otherwise the immune system of recipients will attack and reject foreign tissues.

  And after the organ is taken out of the body, it needs to be refrigerated under strict sanitary conditions, but it has lost its function before being transplanted into the recipient within a certain period of time. For example, the longest time for the kidney is 48 hours, the pancreas is 12 hours, and the liver is only 8 hours. It is inconsistent with medical common sense to steal the organ for sale.

  Comments:

  Rumors of stealing kidneys have been around for a long time, and rumors will be circulated forever.

  If the recording of videos like "Soft Bread" and "White Worm with Shrimp Head" is still possible due to some ignorance, the video producer of "Monks Stealing Kidney" obviously took advantage of the public’s concern about the risk of life safety and used the unfortunate experiences of others as the content of video rumors, but he could not find any other words except "malice" and "immorality".

  4. Rice is made of plastic

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★

  Rumor content:

  Since February, a two-minute video has been circulated on the WeChat platform. In the video, a man keeps putting plastic bags into a machine, and after melting, drawing and cutting, he finally produces a granular white solid like rice grains. The video is accompanied by a text saying that this is the production process of fake rice.

  "Plastic rice" is actually a rumor that has been circulating for a long time. As early as 2011, there was a rumor on social media at home and abroad that’ plastic rice’ was made in China. Later, many netizens and experts pointed out that the so-called’ plastic rice’ was not regarded as food. However, the rumor has come back recently.

  People in the plastic industry said that the equipment used in the video is a common plastic granulator in the plastic industry. The factory puts the recycled plastic into the plastic granulator to produce recycled plastic granules, which are semi-finished raw materials for making plastic products again. The reason why it is made into granules is to facilitate storage and transportation.

  At present, there is no fake method of mixing plastic ingredients into rice, and the average price of such recycled plastic particles is about 10 yuan per kilogram, while the average rice does not exceed 5 yuan per kilogram. The cost of plastic particles is more expensive than rice, so it is unnecessary for merchants to replace fake rice with plastic.

  In this regard, the State Food and Drug Administration also refuted the "Plastic Rice" incident in the form of its official WeChat account "China Food Medicine News".

  Comments:

  For this rumor, it is enough for everyone to remember one sentence:Plastic is much more expensive than rice, and only a fool would pass it off as rice.

  5. Porphyra is made of plastic bags

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★★

  Rumor content:

  Since February this year, a large number of "plastic laver" videos have appeared. While soaking laver, the photographer told everyone that it is not laver but plastic. In order to further prove that these lavers are fake, some people even burned the laver in their hands with a lighter.

  Truth:

  The rumor that "seaweed is made of plastic bags" appeared as early as 2011. The media interviewed nutrition experts, doctors and laver farmers, and made many related rumors.

  According to experts, Porphyra haitanensis and Porphyra yezoensis are the main types of laver in the market, Porphyra haitanensis is cultivated in Wenzhou and Fujian, and Porphyra yezoensis is the main type in Jiangsu and other places. However, the quality of laver is slightly worse and the taste is tougher. However, even Porphyra haitanensis without water is far less tough than black plastic bags.

  The plastic bag itself contains a strong smell of chemical materials, which is tough and insoluble in water. It is also very different in smell and taste, and the taste at the entrance is completely different from that of laver, so it is impossible to be confused.

  The relevant safety supervision departments of laver enterprises involved in the video also carried out verification, and said that the products of the enterprises met the corresponding national food safety standards, and no plasticizer was found, and there was no problem.

  Although the "Plastic Porphyra" video was refuted by the relevant authorities when it first appeared on the Internet, the video was constantly forwarded and spread on the Internet. In a short time, the rumor shock wave quickly spread from consumers, supermarkets, dealers and processing plants to farmers, and the related industrial chains were also severely hit.

  After the police investigation, the real purpose of the personnel who made and disseminated "plastic laver" was to carry out extortion by spreading rumors, and the relevant personnel involved in the case have also been arrested one after another.

  Comments:

  It is a low-level common sense mistake to confuse laver with plastic. It is this kind of low-level error and novelty-seeking false content that spread, causing huge losses to enterprises in normal operation. I hope that all of us will not be easily fooled by this common sense mistake in the future. We should eat whatever we want, check more on the Internet, and the general rumor information will be released in time.

  6. There are two white lines in the shrimp head, which are actually white parasites.

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★

  Rumor content:

  A small video about shrimp infected with parasites is very popular. In the video, a faceless person cuts off the shrimp head and picks out two slender white lines with a toothpick. The video producer claims that this is a parasite of shrimp, and warns netizens to eat less shrimp in the future. He also calls on everyone to move their fingers to spread the video for the health of relatives and friends.

  In fact, similar rumors have appeared as early as a few years ago, and this video is just an upgraded version of rumors.

  There are indeed white lines when the shrimp head is cut open, but these two white lines are not so-called parasites, but the testis of the male shrimp. They always appear in a pair at the same time, the immature testis is colorless and transparent, and it is milky white after maturity. There are not only prawns, but also shrimps and lobsters, and they are stronger. The gonad of shrimp is mainly composed of protein, which is completely edible.

  The producer of the video called this kind of parasite as liver fluke, and the shrimp in the video should be Penaeus vannamei. In fact, no liver fluke has been found in Penaeus vannamei at present, and when the liver fluke is parasitic in fish and shrimp, it is invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen with the help of a microscope. The professional explanation in the video is actually a fallacy.

  Live fish and shrimp may indeed contain parasites, such as liver flukes, paragonimiasis, round flukes, etc., but there is a problem of infection probability, and it is impossible for all of them to have parasites. andAs long as the materials are fresh and cooked, the risks can be completely avoided.

  Comments:

  In the first half of the year, there were many rumors about this small video content, all of which were related to food. Rumors have spread wildly, and people have suffered from eating goods. Now that rumors have been broken, you foodies can enjoy the delicious food given to us by nature with peace of mind and pleasure.

  7. "Liu Mingwei" lost his college entrance examination admission ticket again.

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★

  Rumor content:

  I found an admission ticket for the college entrance examination. Liu Mingwei, the test center is in No.1 Middle School. Please forward it to my friends and ask Liu Mingwei to contact this number at 151****7258. Be sure to help him send it to the group. The child’s family must be anxious. Spread, spread, don’t delay the children’s college entrance examination!

  Truth:

  Almost every year at the end of May and the beginning of June, such information will come out. From former Bai Yaqian to Steven Yang Lei, to this year’s Liu Mingwei. And the phone number left by the same classmate is not the same. What is different from previous years is that this year’s college entrance examination has not yet started, and the admission ticket has not yet started printing. The admission ticket of "Liu Mingwei" is "lost".

  In this regard, the education department also reminded that candidates’ admission tickets are generally printed and distributed one week before the college entrance examination, and it is impossible to lose them without taking the exam. The printing of admission tickets for the summer college entrance examination in 2017 officially began on June 2, and all exams are finished. It can be printed between 9: 00 and 20: 00 every day, and candidates can print multiple copies for backup.

  Even if you really get the admission ticket during the college entrance examination, you should not look for candidates through network communication, but hand it over to the local public security department or education department at the first time and return it in time through the public security department and education department.

  Then, what is the publisher’s purpose in this rumor of losing the admission ticket on time every year?The deputy detachment leader of the network police detachment of Taizhou Public Security Bureau said that publishers of such news generally use the curiosity and sympathy of the citizens to publish rumors such as losing the admission ticket and leave a toll phone. Once the citizens call back by the phone number and follow the phone prompt, they will fall into the trap of charging.

  Comments:

  The spread of this rumor is basically a necessary item before and during the college entrance examination every year. . Xiaobian’s only hope is that the old irons who saw it last year and forwarded it will not continue to be fooled next year.

  8. Mou Cuicui, who has been missing for 15 years, was forced to beg by "picking and cutting".

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★★

  Rumor content:

  A video of "singing on the streets of Guizhou with four limbs disabled women" was circulated on the Internet in March and April this year. It is reported that the Mou family in Huaguan Town, Guangrao County, Shandong Province, after watching the video for hundreds of times, thought that the disabled woman singing was Mou Cuicui, a relative who disappeared 15 years ago.

  According to Mou’s family, Cui Cui was a normal person with sound limbs and was about 165cm tall. As a result, netizens have speculated that the woman was beaten with limbs and begged on the street. This kind of behavior has been called "harvesting and cutting" since ancient times, and it has been severely punished in all dynasties.

  Truth:

  Ms Nie, who lives in Baiyun District, Guiyang, came to Gongjiazhai police station to report the case, claiming that she was the street performer in the news report videos and pictures, but not the missing woman Mou Cuicui in Shandong.

  After investigation, Ms. Nie grew up in Guizhou Province, and has never been to Shandong Province. She was born with limbs disability, and has been singing and performing arts in the streets of Guizhou for a long time. The related video and pictures were taken by netizens in July 2016 when she was performing arts in the street opposite the Panda Toilet at T-junction in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province.

  According to Ms. Nie, there were three of her friends at the scene. The related street performers are all voluntary behaviors, and it is not the case that they are forced to "beg" by "cutting off their limbs" as reported by the Internet.At present, Guiyang police have collected DNA samples for comparison, and the results confirm that the street singers in Guizhou are not related to Mou Cuicui’s family.

  Comments:

  The "harvesting and cutting" first appeared in the Song Dynasty, and it was a superstitious activity of offering sacrifices to living organs. Cults killed abducted or robbed children or women and took their internal organs, organs or limbs as sacrifices for cult gods.

  For this criminal phenomenon, the government has always been in hell to pay, and the crime of "harvesting and cutting" is executed. At present, there are many rumors about harvesting and cutting, but in fact, some reporters have conducted an in-depth investigation and concluded that there is no case of harvesting and cutting that can be confirmed so far, and the relevant information is hearsay and subjective speculation.

  The society is developing and the morality is progressing. Everyone should have full confidence in this.

  9. xiong’an new area series of rumors

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★

  Rumor content:

  On April 1, 2017, the news that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to set up xiong’an new area aroused widespread concern in society. The establishment of xiong’an new area will objectively bring great changes to the local land use policy and regional economic development, so along with this hot social topic, a series of false rumors also spread. In the truth section below, let’s take stock of relevant rumors together.

  Truth:

  1. In a circle of friends, a picture of a man who sold a house before the establishment of xiong’an new area was reported to have fallen to his death in remorse, and was named "Xiong ‘an’s first jump". After investigation, the deceased Yang committed suicide, and the house where he lived was a rental house. Yang did not buy or sell houses in Baoding. The rumor that "xiong’an new area sold a house and jumped off a building" was spread on the Internet. The police have given the rumor maker administrative detention for 10 days according to law.

  2. "87 central enterprises will move to xiong’an new area"?

  On April 8th, regarding the rumor that central enterprises are going to move to xiong’an new area, Ning Ji Zhe, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission and director of the National Bureau of Statistics, responded in an interview with media reporters at the 2nd China New Normal Economic Development High-level Forum hosted by China Development Network and the 2016 "Developing China Person of the Year" ceremony: "The rumor can’t be believed. Some enterprises have already stated that they will move to xiong’an new area, which is an independent act of enterprises, and relevant plans will be made in the future."

  3. Baoding will implement the car lottery in June?

  The media reporter interviewed the staff of Baoding Public Security Bureau. The staff member said that the bureau has not received a similar document notice, and if there are relevant policy changes, the government will announce them to the public.

  4. "Yinzhuang Village Relocation Compensation Understanding Paper" appeared in Anxin County, Hebei Province?

  On April 4th, the Propaganda Department of Anxin County Committee of the Communist Party of China rumored in its official WeChat "Anxin Release" in WeChat official account: "At present, Anxin County has not made a clear paper to release relevant contents. On April 8, the police have given the rumor maker administrative detention for 5 days according to law.

  5. "The Third Capital Airport will be located in Xushui District, Baoding"?

  "Baoding Internet Police Patrol Law Enforcement" refuted the rumor in its official Weibo with a humorous tone: "This is too fake! Don’t rumors usually watch the news? The font p is not at all level. The second airport hasn’t been built yet, so why not build the third airport? Building an airport is really not to build a bus stop, but to build it. "

  Comments:

  The establishment of "xiong’an new area" is an important release policy of the government, and it is natural to trigger a hot discussion in society. However, we should also distinguish the false information in it, and don’t spread all kinds of jokes as facts.

  10. As long as the child drowns for no more than an hour, it can be saved by "backwards".

  Rumor category: false report

  Deception index: ★★★★ Hazard index: ★★★

  Rumor content:

  Please copy what you see, children can be saved as long as they drown for less than an hour! The weather is hot, and the creek is more attractive. . Rescued two drowning children from the river. When the child was not breathing, the villagers used the local first aid method, clutching the child’s feet and running on his back. A few minutes later, the little boy spat out a few mouthfuls of water and cried. After running for at least ten minutes, the little girl was pulled back from the hands of death.

  Summer vacation is coming, I don’t know how many children are going to swim in the water. Please hold on to what you see, and maybe you can save many people. The doctor stressed that if everyone who receives this message can bring it to others, at least one life will be saved. I have done my part! So now you have two choices: 1. Ignore it and 2. Let more people see it.

  Truth:

  The doctor in the emergency department of the relevant people’s hospital said: This method has no scientific basis and should not be advocated.

  The "backward-back method" is a common indigenous method in rural areas in the south, and it does have certain effect on children who have just drowned and whose heartbeat and breathing have not stopped. During the running, the rescuer squeezes the abdomen and chest of the drowning person through his shoulders, squeezing out the water in the lungs and abdomen, and finally rebuilding the respiratory circulation. However, the premise of success is that the child’s drowning time is very short and the heart has not stopped.

  If you drown for a long time and your heartbeat and breathing have stopped, it may affect the rescue if you blindly use the backwards method. Because there is very little oxygen reserve in the human body, the metabolism of the body can only be maintained for 6 minutes after breathing stops completely. If breathing is not resumed in time, the heartbeat will stop and brain cells will die, which is irreversible.

  Comments:

  Don’t let the wrong method continue to spread harm to people and avoid delaying treatment.

How good is the water quality of the Yangtze River now? People’s Daily takes you to ask the finless porpoise.

"Over the years, the province’s ecological environment system has thoroughly implemented the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, coordinated the promotion of high-quality economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment, and coordinated the three articles of pollution control, greening and blank space. The province’s ecological environment has achieved a historic change from serious overdraft to obvious improvement." On September 13th, the Jiangsu Provincial Ecological Environment Protection Conference was held in Nanjing, and the beautiful Jiangsu construction was fully deployed, said Yin Rongyao, deputy director of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Ecological Environment.

Living in Jiangsu, we can feel more personally that the quality of ecological environment in Jiangsu is constantly improving in the new decade, and people and nature are living in harmony here-now, blue sky and white clouds have become the norm, green water and green mountains are within reach, and the water quality in Jiangsu section of the main stream of the Yangtze River has remained stable at Grade II all the year round, and we can often see the "smiling angel" Yangtze finless porpoise playing in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River.

Jiang Meng, secretary-general of the Nanjing finless porpoise aquatic biological protection association, said that Nanjing is the only city in China where wild finless porpoises live stably in the downtown section. Last year’s background resources survey of Nanjing Yangtze finless porpoise provincial nature reserve showed that the number of living finless porpoises in Nanjing section of the Yangtze River has now reached 62, accounting for 10.4% of the total number of finless porpoises in the main stream of the Yangtze River, which is one of the highest distribution densities of finless porpoises in the whole main stream of the Yangtze River, and the number has increased by 24% compared with five years ago.

The Yangtze finless porpoise is an indicator species of the Yangtze River ecosystem. In the past, due to the intensification of human activities, the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin was once seriously damaged, and the Yangtze finless porpoise population was also endangered. The increasing number of Yangtze finless porpoises reflects the change of ecological environment in the Yangtze River. In recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in the improvement of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin in Nanjing, and beautiful transcripts have been handed over: in 2022, the water quality of 28 tributaries entering the river all reached the standard, of which 18 tributaries entering the river mainly reached Grade III and above, and the excellent proportion of water quality in 42 national and provincial examination sections in the city was 100%, ranking first in Jiangsu Province.

In terms of "pollution control", Nanjing has implemented the "4+1" project of ecological environment pollution control: urban sewage and garbage treatment, chemical pollution control, agricultural non-point source pollution control, ship pollution control and tailings pond pollution control projects; In terms of "bank management", Nanjing requires all units along the Yangtze River to "not let a drop of sewage enter the Yangtze River". Since 2016, the cumulative production coastline of the Yangtze River has been cleared by 37.6 kilometers, and the proportion of ecological coastline has increased from 66.2% to 80.3%; In terms of "fishing management", Nanjing resolutely implemented the major task of "10-year fishing ban" on the Yangtze River and strictly implemented the 10-year fishing ban policy in the "one river, two lakes and three rivers" area. At present, all 219 fishing boats in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River and the aquatic life reserve have been withdrawn, and all 1,366 fishing boats and 2,675 fishermen in the Yangtze River basin have been withdrawn from the shore, achieving 100% of the four aspects of "fishing boat withdrawal, fishermen withdrawal, social security resettlement and employment resettlement".

It is worth mentioning that in terms of biodiversity protection, Nanjing focuses on the systematicness and integrity of the ecological elements in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River, and makes "addition" in ecological capacity, ecological function and biodiversity to continuously improve the ecological environment and ecological function of the Yangtze River. Since 2016, more than 3,000 mu of wetlands have been restored every year, totaling more than 20,000 mu. Four provincial wetland parks, including Chishan Lake, Dongping Lake, Longpao Lake and Shijiu Lake, have been built successively, and the natural wetland protection rate has exceeded 70%. Since 2021, Nanjing has launched a city-wide biodiversity "touching the bottom" campaign. Up to now, a total of 2,995 species have been investigated and recorded, including 84 species of wildlife under state protection in Nanjing. In 2022, the number of fish species in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River increased by 6 species compared with the previous year, and the resource abundance increased by nearly 50%-the "circle of friends" of the Yangtze finless porpoise is constantly expanding.

Nanjing Yangtze finless porpoise provincial nature reserve starts from Xinjizhou in Jiangning District in the west and reaches Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge in the east, with a total area of 86.92 square kilometers. In recent years, the protected area has further built and improved the three-dimensional protection monitoring system of "underwater and shoreline", which has greatly increased our chances of seeing the Yangtze finless porpoise.

Free evaluation screening!

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in China, with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously threatens the health of residents. Early screening is one of the most critical links to effectively reduce lung cancer mortality. Studies have shown that the 5-year survival rate of early lung cancer is over 90%, but most residents with lung cancer have not been tested for lung health, and they have reached the late stage when they were found, and missed the best treatment time.

Recently, the General Office of the People’s Government of Jiangxi Province issued the Special Action Plan for Cancer Prevention and Control in Jiangxi Province (2025-2027), which introduced ten specific measures, including lung cancer screening and early intervention for the target population aged 50-74 (that is, people born from January 1, 1951 to December 31, 1975) into the top ten key livelihood facts of Jiangxi Province in 2025.

1. Who can participate in the screening?

According to the Plan for Screening, Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Lung Cancer (2024 Edition) of the National Health and Wellness Commission, the participants of this project are: the permanent population aged 50-74 in Jizhou District (including the registered population and the non-registered population whose permanent population has exceeded 6 months), and none of the following:

1. Past history of lung cancer;

2. There are serious heart, brain and lung diseases or liver and kidney dysfunction and other diseases that affect life and health;

3. Have serious mental disorders;

4. Can’t tolerate possible radical lung surgery.

Second, the time range of this screening?

April 2025-end of October 2025, to provide the target population.Free questionnaire survey on lung health risk assessment; Provide for high-risk groups identified in risk assessmentA free chest low-dose spiral CT screening.

3. What are the specific procedures for participating in screening?

This project is divided into three steps: risk assessment, health screening and follow-up management. The target population can participate according to the project steps:

1.Risk assessment:Carry a valid personal identification., go to the risk assessment institutions (township hospitals, community health service centers) in their jurisdiction, and the staff will guide the evaluation of Jiangxi Province Lung Health Risk Assessment Questionnaire (in which the risk assessment questionnaire includes personal basic information, tobacco exposure history, drinking and eating, physical activity, past illness history and family history, etc.).

2. Health screening:Residents who are identified as high-risk groups by risk assessment.Personal valid identity documentandAppointment SMSGo to the first people’s hospital of Ji ‘an, the designated hospital for screening, and make a visit.be free of chargeLow-dose spiral CT screening of chest.

3. Follow-up management:Establish health records, follow up those with abnormal results of chest low-dose spiral CT screening, and carry out targeted health education and follow-up suggestions.

Fourth, does low-dose spiral CT have radiation?

Many residents are worried about the radiation damage of CT. The research shows that the radiation dose to human body is small (< 10 millisieverts), and the radiation dose of low-dose spiral CT is only 1/6 ~ 1/4 of that of conventional CT. There is no clear evidence that low-dose spiral CT will cause harm to human body.

5. What are the risk assessment institutions for lung cancer screening in Jizhou District?

Crack down on network rumors and purify the network environment!

With the popularity of online social media, online rumors are characterized by rapid spread, wide spread, great influence and high harm. Because it is difficult to tell the truth from the false, it is easy to bring serious social problems, and even lead to social unrest and political instability. In order to further enhance the people’s awareness of network security, effectively purify the network environment, and crack down on and rectify network rumors according to law, the police insisted on combining crackdown according to law with comprehensive rectification, increased publicity, and always maintained a high-pressure situation of cracking down on network rumors.

First, what are online rumors?

Internet rumors refer to rumors spread through online media (such as Weibo, foreign websites, online forums, social networking sites, chat software, etc.) without any factual basis. Internet rumors mainly involve emergencies, public health, food and drug safety, political figures, subversion of tradition, deviance and so on.

Second, the harm of online rumors

The spread of rumors is sudden and extremely fast, so it is easy to have a bad influence on the normal social order. The fabrication and dissemination of online rumors not only violates the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and regulations, but also violates the socialist core values, damages the sovereignty, security, honor and interests of the country, and hinders the harmony, stability and development of society. Therefore, we must strike hard to crack down on online rumors according to law!

Third, the case of online rumors

Siping network police found in their work that the netizen "Northeast Haige XX" released a series of videos in the short video platform, saying that the son-in-law killed his wife’s family of three because of family conflicts. Workers were killed because of the employment contradiction of picking beans. These two videos have attracted the attention of netizens, with a cumulative broadcast volume of more than 2 million times!

The network security department quickly launched a multi-party verification, and sure enough, the contents inside were all false. After investigation, Song, a person from Siping, Jilin Province, fabricated false contents such as "murder case information" in order to increase the attention of his short video account. After interrogation, he confessed to his act of fabricating rumors. Because Song’s behavior has violated the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law, the public security organs in Siping City have given Song administrative detention for seven days and imposed an administrative penalty of 300 yuan. Its account has also been closed.

The world is indeed full of wonders, but we can’t make up vicious rumors of "killing and setting fire" and "copying with a door" in order to attract traffic! The netizen’s behavior is very typical and very wrong, so please learn from it. A temporary flow of sweetness may lead you into the quagmire of rumors and eventually be severely punished by law!

IV. Relevant laws and regulations

According to the seriousness of the behavior, the legal responsibility for online rumors in China may bear civil responsibility, administrative illegal responsibility and criminal responsibility.

Below, I will take you to quickly understand the relevant provisions of China’s laws on dealing with online rumors, to help you keep a clear head in the complicated online world and stay away from the illusory and tempting trap of online rumors.

Civil liability [legal basis] The Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Article 1024th A civil subject enjoys the right of reputation. No organization or individual may infringe upon the reputation right of others by insulting or slandering.

Reputation is a social evaluation of the moral character, reputation, talent and credit of civil subjects.

Article 1025 An actor who conducts news reports, supervision by public opinion, etc. for the public interest and affects the reputation of others shall not bear civil liability, except in any of the following circumstances:

(1) fabricating and distorting facts;

(2) Failing to fulfill the obligation of reasonable verification of the seriously inaccurate contents provided by others;

(3) Use insulting words to belittle the reputation of others.

Article 1194 Internet users and network service providers who use the Internet to infringe upon the civil rights and interests of others shall bear tort liability. Where there are other provisions in the law, such provisions shall prevail.

Administrative illegal responsibility [legal basis] "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law"

Item (1) of Article 25: Whoever spreads rumors, falsely reports dangerous situations, epidemic situations or police situations or intentionally disturbs public order by other means shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than five hundred yuan.

Criminal Responsibility [Legal Basis] The Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Article 246th Crimes of insult and slander

Whoever publicly insults others by violence or other means or fabricates facts to slander others, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

Article 291-1, paragraph 2, Crime of fabricating and intentionally spreading false information

Whoever fabricates false dangers, epidemic situations, disasters and police situations and spreads them on information networks or other media, or knowingly and deliberately spreads them on information networks or other media, thus seriously disrupting social order, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; If serious consequences are caused, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.

Article 293rd the first paragraph (2) and (4) of the crime of stirring up trouble.

Whoever commits one of the following acts of provoking trouble and disrupting social order shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance:

(2) Chasing, intercepting, insulting or intimidating others, and the circumstances are bad;

(four) in public places, causing serious disorder in public places.

Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Defamation by Information Network (Fa Shi [2013] No.21).

Article 5 Whoever uses the information network to insult or intimidate others, if the circumstances are bad and disrupt social order, shall be convicted and punished for the crime of stirring up trouble in accordance with the provisions of Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 293 of the Criminal Law.

Whoever fabricates false information, or knowingly fabricates false information and spreads it on the information network, or organizes or instructs personnel to spread it on the information network, thus causing serious public disorder, shall be convicted and punished for the crime of stirring up trouble in accordance with the provisions of Item (4) of Paragraph 1 of Article 293 of the Criminal Law.

The Internet is not a place of extra-legality. It is no small matter to make up false information and spread it on the Internet! It is even more impossible to deliberately fabricate in order to attract attention and gain traffic.

Fabricating and deliberately spreading online rumors, ranging from tort liability to fines and detention, and even being suspected of committing crimes.

In addition, network service providers should fulfill the obligations of information network security management stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, and jointly build a civilized and orderly clear cyberspace. Continue to slide to see the next touch to read the original text.

Ping An Antu slides up to see the next one.

Original title: "Combating network rumors and purifying the network environment! 》

Read the original text

Common cold Why do you take a lot of medicine and cough or not get better?

  Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Weng Shuxian correspondent Yao Xue, Pan Yingyuan) The common cold is too common. At present, spring and summer alternate, sometimes it rains and sometimes it is sunny, and the damp heat is aggravated. If you are not careful, you will easily be "caught".

  There is no specific medicine for a cold, and it is also a self-limiting disease. Many people can get through it after a few days’ rest, but some people take a lot of medicine, which not only fails to alleviate, but is even more serious. The most common symptoms are fever and cough, and I can’t sleep well all night. What’s even worse is that this cough sometimes lasts for half a month, and the "hands and tails" are very long. Why is it so hard? Let’s listen to Dr. Nie Wenqiang, director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hong Min, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.

  I believe that many people who suffer from colds have similar experiences: when symptoms appear, they find some medicine to take, which is effective for the first two days, but after two days, they start coughing frequently or even having a fever, but then taking medicine is not effective. Moreover, at first, I only coughed during the day, and there was a little more phlegm. Later, I took expectorant drugs and it didn’t work. I coughed even more at night. Why do people get over a cold without taking medicine for a few days, but you take a lot of medicine and cough is not good?

  In fact, others get better quickly because his body adjusts in time to "stop loss quickly" at the beginning of a cold, and the reason why you "have a long hand and tail" is to drag the disease from "exterior syndrome to interior syndrome" and completely go through the following three stages:

  first stage

  At the beginning of a cold, help "positive" and "stop loss quickly"

  Traditional Chinese medicine believes that exogenous symptoms in the early stage of a cold, such as headache, aversion to cold, stuffy nose and runny nose, heavy or sore body, fever, etc., are mainly caused by the lack of healthy qi. For example, when the resistance drops, exogenous pathogens will invade the human body under the influence of factors such as sudden climate change, abnormal cold and heat, and excessive fatigue.

  In fact, the human body has a self-regulation mechanism. People with mild symptoms in the early stage of a cold and good health can gradually relieve symptoms by traditional methods, such as drinking some onion and black bean soup, or drinking more hot water, sweating and taking more rest to protect the "healthy qi" in the body, and can heal themselves without taking medicine.

  Onion and black bean soup:

  Take 3 inches of scallion and 30 grams of fermented soybean, and decoct the soup twice;

  For patients with slightly severe symptoms, 10 grams of Ramulus Cinnamomi and 15 grams of Gardenia can be added, and the decoction can be taken twice;

  For patients with slight cough, dry throat and itchy throat, 12 grams of cassia twig and 10 grams of almond can be decocted and taken twice.

  Special reminder: the above is the dosage for adults, and children should reduce it as appropriate.

  If the symptoms are more serious, it is necessary to use more pungent and warm prescriptions, such as Mahuang Decoction, Guizhi Decoction and Gegen Decoction in classic prescriptions.

  stage Ⅱ

  From the outside to the inside, the immune "army" can’t stand it.

  In the early stage of a cold, those who can "stop the loss" in time will heal themselves in a week or so, but often many people have not improved for a week and dragged them into the second stage &mdash; &mdash; The disease "goes from the outside to the inside", and the immune "army" in the body is losing ground, and even starts to have a fever and cough.

  People with chronic pharyngitis, in particular, are more likely to lead to acute attacks of chronic diseases. The "cold and dampness" that was originally lurking in the body and did not dare to act rashly emerged at this time, cooperating with the cold virus and attacking the body together.

  From the perspective of Chinese medicine, the common cold cough is the result of cold virus and cold and dampness in the body. The treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine is to comprehensively evaluate and treat according to syndrome differentiation by combining everyone’s physique, medical history, predisposing factors and course of disease.

  The third stage

  Cough getting worse? It hurts to take medicine indiscriminately

  To deal with the common cold, many people will buy their own medicine "autonomy". In fact, patients who are not studying medicine generally don’t understand the syndrome differentiation of diseases, and they lack syndrome differentiation when buying their own medicine, so they may take the wrong medicine.

  Many people get worse and have a longer course of disease because of taking drugs indiscriminately. For example, in many cold patients with yellow phlegm and sore throat, TCM syndrome differentiation may be "cold-heat mixed syndrome". If you take a large amount of heat-clearing antidote, the inflammation will be eliminated, but the "righteousness" will also be damaged. In the face of the invasion of cold virus, it will become chronic cough and asthma for a long time.

  People with "cold and heat mixed syndrome" are often "deficiency in the interior" accompanied by heat syndrome. If you just take heat-clearing drugs blindly, you will not only be unable to get rid of "cold and dampness", but also can’t make up for righteousness. If you use a lot of heat-clearing and antidote, it will hurt "righteousness". Therefore, at this stage, it is necessary to help "righteousness" while moderately clearing away heat.

  Hong Min reminded that especially patients who are prone to cough and asthma repeatedly at ordinary times are mostly accompanied by deficiency in the interior (lack of healthy qi), so don’t eat proprietary Chinese medicines without authorization.

  People who are usually weak, easy to sweat and have low immunity and easy to catch a cold, can try Huangqi Jianzhong decoction in flu season or when the weather is changeable to help replenish qi and consolidate exterior.

  Huangqi Jianzhong decoction

  Formula: 10g of Astragalus membranaceus, 3g of Cinnamomum cassia twig, 6g of Radix Paeoniae Alba, 3g of Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, 3g of Radix Saposhnikoviae, 3g of red dates and 6g of ginger.

  Usage: decoct soup once a day, and add about 10ml of honey when taking it.

  However, not everyone is suitable for using this preventive prescription. It is recommended to consult a doctor first and make a clear diagnosis before deciding whether to take it.

Be 100% good! "My Extraordinary Parents" Kara Wai was affirmed.


Special feature of 1905 film network After 60 years old, I didn’t have a rest, but I was busier. My Extraordinary Parents and Look at a BridgeMe through the darknessI love you! "Save the suspect"&hellip; &hellip; One new play after another.


Among them, "My Extraordinary Parents" was first released, and Kara Wai played a blind mother in the film. In order to play the role well, she "experienced" it from the inside out.


After the film was released, many viewers praised Kara Wai’s good acting skills. The affirmation of the best actress in the three Hong Kong film awards has already proved Kara Wai’s strength. She has never slackened her efforts in every performance and always strives for perfection.In Kara Wai’s words, every role should be 100% dedicated, and every shot should be 100% good.



01.Play the blind, and make great efforts for both spirit and form.


My Extraordinary Parents, adapted from the director’s true story, tells the family story of a pair of blind parents raising their daughter with normal vision.


Kara Wai, who plays the blind mother, has made great efforts in shaping her appearance and manner.She keeps training to control her eyes, imitating the state that the eyes of the blind keep turning and their eyes are distracted. "I have practiced it, and I can go out and enter. Every time I shoot, I adjust my eyes to certain positions and spend a lot of hard work."



In addition to shaping the appearance, Kara Wai also asked an ophthalmologist to take a pair of copper contact lenses, put them on and carefully ponder the mentality of the blind. "It’s really the same as a blind person. When all the light is completely blocked, you lose your way, and then you can really play a blind person. What is her heart and what kind of dark fear she faces?"


Kara Wai said that every time she knows a role in advance, she will do all her homework well, and when she starts work, she will soon be able to enter the role.



In the movie, the emotional entanglement between mother and daughter also made Kara Wai feel the same way. Kara Wai has replaced many experiences and understanding of the relationship between her and her mother in the past. "When my daughter is rebellious, she can’t get along with her point of view, but they can’t be separated from each other and need each other, but this need sometimes hurts each other. This is the way I used when I played with Qianyu."



"I have to be 100% good in every shot until now." Kara Wai said that the principle of her acting is that if she gets paid, she must do it well, and at the same time, she must respect the actor’s profession. "Every shot should stay forever. If I don’t shoot a shot well, I will miss it for a long time."



02."I’m so strong, I’m afraid Jiang Lang will run out of talent."


Kara Wai, who was born as an action actor, got up from the bottom and struggled all the way to this day in fighting with blood and injuries again and again, and achieved many achievements.


Kara Wai had a hard childhood. At the age of three or four, he peddled with his family in the streets of Wan Chai. As a teenager, he worked as a dancer in a nightclub. Later, he was dug up by the director and made the film Legend of the Condor Heroes as Mu Nianci. Since then, he has entered the film industry and changed his life.


Kara Wai has the personality of a wild child since she was a child, and she has the experience of dancing on the stage, so she was not timid when she made a movie for the first time.


The first scene of The Legend of the Condor Heroes was a contest to get married, and Kara Wai was taught to play opera directly on the spot. The confidence and elan of the newborn calf that was not afraid of tigers made the hero alexander fu mistakenly think that she had been filming for several years.



The movie dream was planted when Kara Wai was young. Like many children at that time, she often sneaked into the cinema to watch movies. The first movie she saw was yes, and her awe of movies and performances was born from then on.


Mu Nianci became famous in World War I, and Kara Wai successfully entered Shaw Pictures as a martial arts actor and studied under the direction. At the age of 22, she won the Best Actress Award in the first Hong Kong Film Awards. In her view, the first Golden Awards trophy was won entirely by fighting and relying on life and health.



"You ask me how many injuries, I don’t know. You ask me where I am not injured, and I can tell you that I am not. " When Shaw made a martial arts film, Kara Wai was viciously punched in the stomach by an opposite actor for more than 40 times. At that time, she had only one thought: "If you didn’t kill me, I would have a chance in the future. I want to cover you up in this scene today. "


Therefore, when Kara Wai won the prize for the first time, all she thought about was bitterness. "I play every day and get hurt every day. Even if I have surgery, the thread has not been removed a few days later, and I still have to shoot with my stomach covered." Even if she became more and more popular later, she would feel a little unbalanced when she saw other actors shooting fashion shows, beautiful and comfortable.


But Kara Wai is an indomitable person by nature. "When you are chosen for the role of martial arts and you need it again, you can only do it best. I must stand in the first place to survive. "



Kara Wai’s perseverance, also have been crushed. At the end of 1990s, with the decline of martial arts films and the change of movie environment from generation to generation, Kara Wai’s career fell into a trough, and she suffered from depression. In the worst case, she even swallowed sleeping pills and gave up herself. Fortunately, with the help of relatives and friends, she rallied.


In 2010, 50-year-old Kara Wai won the Best Actress Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the second time for "Devil". I have experienced all kinds of twists and turns from being a popular female star to being neglected and making a comeback. The arrival of this award is of great significance to her and has the deepest feelings.


Kara Wai recalled, "I hold this award, and I said that nothing can be changed, because it was because I suffered a lot of grievances, paid a lot of efforts, and had a chance given to me by many friends and God, so this award is more important than anything."



Later, Kara Wai won the Golden Award for Best Actress for the third time. She plays an elderly person who lives alone with Alzheimer’s disease. Kara Wai’s mother died because of this disease. She wants to use this film to commemorate her mother and make more people pay attention to Alzheimer’s disease.


Kara Wai cares about the disadvantaged groups, and this time he took on My Extraordinary Parents, hoping to use this positive film to appeal to the public to respect and care for the visually impaired.



Kara Wai doesn’t act in action movies now, and she will also worry about her bad state and poor performance when acting in literary plays. "The more I am so strong, the less I can perform, the less I let others know, the more I force myself, and I really can’t perform. The director is sorry to give me two minutes, and I will walk away again. The whole mood will be adjusted. It is psychological pressure to throw away all the feeling of smoking and come back."


Nowadays, Kara Wai likes to cooperate with new directors, trying her best to support young talents, and even working with them at a reduced salary. This is the case with My Extraordinary Parents, and the sincerity of the director made her determined to take over.



Every time acting, Kara Wai wants to find a new way to perform. "How can I act when I have met several bottlenecks?"? I can’t find it. I can only play it in the old way, so I can’t open it. The new directors have new ideas, and they can bring me many new things and new ways of interpretation. "


"I am afraid that people will see that I am exhausted in Jiang Lang." Kara Wai didn’t stop, she was still fighting and rushing.