西安桑拿会所 – 西安夜生活网论坛,西安耍耍网,西安品茶网

Liu Dafei, a nurse in leprosy village： the patient’s spiritual guardian

When it comes to nurses, many people think of angels in white who is running around the hospital. They are kind, meticulous and considerate. However, some angels in white are active in the mountains and forests, covered in white and dusty. In the "leprosy village", which many people avoid, they are not afraid of being dirty and tired. They can not only help patients resist the disease, but also be guardians of their hearts, blocking other people’s strange eyes for them, helping them regain their confidence and lead a normal life.

Liu Dafei, head nurse of Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute in Yiyang City, is such a nurse. She serves the physically and mentally injured patients in the remote corner of Yiyang, Hunan Province, not only guarding their physical and mental health, but also serving them tea and water, washing and cooking, which has become their dependence. Day after day, year after year, the best 26 years of life, Liu Dafei spent on leprosy patients in Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute of Yiyang City, and she interpreted Nightingale’s oath with every move. Now that people are middle-aged, she said that the most romantic thing may be to grow old with these leprosy patients.

Leprosy has a gloomy history in China for thousands of years. Leprosy patients are always facing great pressure from the fear of it in ancient times to the discrimination against it in modern times. Liu Dafei’s father is a doctor in the leprosy village. Influenced by him, Liu Dafei has a natural affinity for leprosy patients since childhood. When others are complaining about the horror of leprosy patients, she follows her father and watches him treat the patients. When there are not enough hands, she can help a little. When she comes back from school, she will chat and play games with leprosy patients.

Zhou Youchu was the first patient that Liu Dafei came into contact with after work. His patients called him "leprosy" because he was the oldest old man in hospital, with deformed hands, feet and face, especially foot ulcers. Liu Dafei, who just joined the work, accepted this arduous task with enthusiasm. She made a special nursing plan for Zhou Youchu, cleaning and applying medicine to him every day, explaining the common sense of leprosy and the attention of daily life … After a year of careful nursing by Liu Dafei, Zhou Youchu’s condition was controlled.

Guo Dengzhou wandered to Hunan in 1971 and lived in Liu Dafei’s leprosy village for 40 years. In 2013, Guo Dengzhou had another heart attack, and his long-cherished wish of going back to his hometown in Guizhou was almost impossible to realize because of his status as a leper. After Liu Dafei learned about it, he made many efforts. She has contacted relevant parties in Guizhou and Hunan Satellite TV public channel "Helping Girls" column group and other parties. In March 2013, with the efforts of Liu Dafei, Guo Dengzhou finally returned to his hometown in Guizhou. Surprisingly, Guo Dengzhou’s family avoided seeing it. Liu Dafei helped to communicate many times, explained the characteristics of leprosy, and eliminated the panic psychology. Then he talked about Guo Dengzhou’s homesickness and moved with emotion. After more than 20 conversations and persuasion, Guo Dengzhou finally reunited with his relatives and fulfilled his wish. However, during Liu Dafei’s stay in Guizhou, her father suddenly became seriously ill and wanted her to go back quickly. Liu Dafei is thinking about going back after Guo Dengzhou’s business is over. Unexpectedly, his father died suddenly, and Liu Dafei failed to make the final journey. "As a daughter, I am really unfilial, but I think my father will forgive me because he understands my feelings for leprosy patients." Liu Dafei said.

Liu Dafei’s leprosy village has a group of leprosy patients with an average age of 62, and she regards them as family from the bottom of her heart. Liu Dafei has a small notebook, which records the preferences of patients. When she goes out, she always tries to bring something back. She knows the patient’s clothes by heart. Every New Year’s Eve, she will accompany people in leprosy village to have a reunion dinner. "Here comes the flying girl!" Every time, as soon as Liu Dafei entered the ward, the patients gathered around to say hello. In the past 26 years, Liu Dafei has cared for hundreds of people, and he has never shouted bitterness and tiredness.

As a professional nurse, patience and enthusiasm are not enough, but also excellent professional skills. After work, she often taught herself, encountered clinical problems and consulted doctors and other colleagues many times. Sometimes, for an ulcer patient who has been cured for a long time, she even went to the library of Yiyang City by car for several hours to inquire about relevant literature.

Liu Dafei knows that many misfortunes and experiences of leprosy patients are caused by the dual factors of disease and prejudice. As a nurse, she has a more important mission-to eliminate social discrimination against leprosy patients. Over the years, she has also been practicing.

Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute, where Liu Dafei is located, is the only unit in Hunan Province where medical staff and leprosy patients work and live in the same hospital. In order to eliminate discrimination, she often takes her colleagues to the nearby people’s homes to carry out popular science and hold lectures on leprosy prevention and treatment in various towns and villages in Yiyang City. She also took the patient’s hand for a walk on the road, ate with them at the same table, and settled her home in the leprosy village. "It will not take a day or two to eliminate people’s discrimination, but I believe it will always be effective." Liu Dafei said. Once, she wanted sick people to visit Shaoshan, but she didn’t expect a lot of resistance. As soon as the driver heard that he was a leper, he refused to take the bus. The refusal of the innkeeper was more direct, and he hung up the phone with a sentence "Don’t hurt me". The more so, the more Liu Dafei feels that he should take them out, because it is also a good opportunity to eliminate discrimination. After many contacts, she finally got her wish. After arriving in Shaoshan, she held hands, ate and slept with leprosy patients, whether in scenic spots or restaurants. "I know that many people must be watching me. I just want to tell them that leprosy is not terrible."

Under her influence, the people in the village began to take the initiative to contact leprosy patients, and they would also take the initiative to invite patients to have tea at home. What is more gratifying is that many people in the village have married leprosy patients and have healthy children. The courtyard of leprosy village used to be forbidden in the eyes of villagers, but now it has become the most lively place for square dance nearby. In addition, college student volunteers visit leprosy patients in leprosy village every year, play games and chat with them, bring snacks they haven’t eaten, and help them cook and clean up.

Lhasa is not the end! Pilgrims are on their way to Gangrinpoche.

Special feature of 1905 film network 　　　

In this magical land of Tibet, there are not only 8844 meters of Mount Everest, but also 6656 meters of Shenshan Gangrenboqi.

The name of "Gang Rinpoche" is universal.At the same time, it is recognized as the center of the world by Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism, Bonism, the native religion of Tibet, and ancient Jainism.

This movie named is also amazing.

Under the containment of American blockbusters such as summer vacation, as of today, the box office of Gang Rinpoche has approached 100 million. The film also got a key to postpone the release for one month, from July 20th to August 20th.

The douban score of the film is also good, which has reached 7.7 points.

The plot of Gangrinboqi is very simple: eleven Tibetans set out from Mangkang and spent a year kowtowing for 2,500 kilometers to make a pilgrimage to the Shenshan Gangrinboqi.

What touched the hearts of the audience?

Some people say that they are moved by the documentary style of washing away the lead, and some people say that they are shocked by the spiritual power of pursuing faith revealed in the film.

For Xiao Dianjun, the biggest feeling of the film for himself is what the director Zhang Yang said in the film tidbits:

No way of life in this world is completely correct, but after several years, people can still see from this film that a nation has lived like this.The sacred mountains and lakes are not the end. We accept the ordinary self, but we don’t give up the ordinary ideals and beliefs, and we love life. We are all on the road.

Zhang Yang, the director, whose previous works include spicy love soup, Leaves Returning to the Roots, Leaping over the Home for the Aged and so on, is the representative of the sixth generation directors in China.

Director Zhang Yang’s fascination with Tibet stems from a trip at the age of 24.

In the summer of 1991, when he was still at school, he spent three months carrying a big bag from Gansu to Qinghai and from Qinghai to Tibet.

He ate the cheapest food, and took a car carrying salt, oil and cotton.

"A person’s travel is sometimes very lonely, but in turn it gives you the opportunity to enjoy this loneliness. Loneliness and freedom may be the biggest gain of a person’s travel. "

He was on the long bus, listening to music and chatting with himself in his heart. What is my ideal, what kind of person I am, and what life I really want.

The director called this trip to Tibet a trip that changed his life.

Because of this trip, the director has been thinking about movies about Tibet for more than ten years.

In 2014, 23 years after Zhang Yang entered Tibet for the first time, Zhang Yang led the filming team back to Tibet and set foot on The Way &hellip in Rinpoche, Shenshan, together with 11 Tibetans. …

2014 is the Tibetan Year of the Horse. In Tibetan Buddhism, the year of the horse is the year when Sakyamuni was born and became a Taoist, and it is also the birth year of Gangrinboqi. In this year, the gods will gather in Gangrinpoche.

In normal years, pilgrims come here to turn around the mountains, which can wash away their sins all their lives; Twelve turns around the mountain can avoid the pain of hell, and 108 turns around to become a Buddha in this life. In the year of the horse, when Sakyamuni was born, a circle of mountains can increase the merit by 12 times, which is equivalent to 13 circles all the year round.

Eleven pilgrims, including old people, pregnant women, butchers, disabled young people and 9-year-old children, went on the road in this way.

This year, they walked two thousand kilometers, experienced spring, summer, autumn and winter in The Way, and met different scenery.

There are scattered villages along the way.

There are magnificent snow mountains.

There are sacred lakes.

There are also flags dancing beside the White Pagoda.

Whether these lives and pictures we have never experienced can be seen by our own eyes one day.

If you, like Xiao Dianjun, watched the movie Gangrinboqi, you are also looking forward to one day, you can walk into Tibet and feel the sacredness of Gangrinboqi. Then, this itinerary compiled by Xiao Dianjun may give you a reference in advance.

Arrangement of itinerary:

Ali is the first stop to arrive in Rinpoche, the holy land. If Tibet is the roof of the world, then Ali is the roof of Tibet. And to go to Ali, you have to transfer from Lhasa. There is a direct flight from Lhasa to Ali, which leaves at 8:05 am and arrives at 9:55 am. The full-price ticket is 2400 yuan.

You can also choose to charter a bus from Lhasa to Ali area. Although it takes 6 days, it will help you gradually adapt to the more obvious plateau climate. More importantly, you won’t miss the beautiful scenery along the way, and you will always be beautiful while walking.

The approximate itinerary is:

D1: Lhasa-Yanghu-Xigaze

D2: Shigatse-Dingri-Everest Base Camp

D3: Everest Base Camp-Xixiabangma Reserve-Peikucuo-Saga

D4: Saga-Zhongba-Pulan (Gangren Boqi and Mapang Yongcuo)

D5: Pulan-Mentu-Zada

D6: Zada — Gaer (Shiquan River)

When you arrive in Pulan County, Ali, the trip to Gangrinboqi really begins.

It is 107.6 kilometers to drive from Pulan County to Gangrenboqi, passing through the holy lake — — Mabian Yongcuo arrived in Gangrinpoche.

After the arrival, the highlight finally came — — Turn the mountain. Tachin (4560m above sea level) at the foot of the southern mountain of Qi Feng, Gangrenbo, is the foothold of travelers in the past, and it is also the starting point and end point of mountain turning.

Gangrenboqi turns around the mountain for a total of 56 kilometers, and it takes 15-20 days for devout Tibetans to kowtow and turn around the mountain. Tibetans with good physical strength and familiar routes can finish it in 10 hours at the earliest. As for ordinary tourists, it takes at least three days to complete on foot.

It is important to pay special attention toThe best travel time for Gang Rinpoche is to close the mountain with heavy snow in winter and spring, and the rainy season will begin in early July.

Suggested days of play: 3 days

Entrance ticket: 200 yuan/person.

Take your own "pilgrimage trip" in the holy land closest to the sky and find your "Gang Rinpoche". You, are you ready?

In the field of hope ｜ Chongqing Tongnan 6,000 mu of sorghum meets the bumper harvest, and the mechanized planting has obvious income increase.

CCTV News:Now is the season when sorghum is ripe. More than 6,000 mu of sorghum in Tongnan District of Chongqing is popular in the fields. In the past few days, local sorghum growers have been harvesting in fine weather, and there is a busy scene of bumper harvest everywhere.

In the sorghum planting base in Guopo Village, Tongnan District, the reporter saw that patches of sorghum were spread on the ground like a red carpet, and the sorghum seeds with full grains were crowded with branches. Accompanied by the "rumbling" roar, three large harvesters shuttled back and forth in the field to "eat" sorghum ears and "spit" sorghum grains, and the sorghum stalks turned into green manure and scattered in the field in a blink of an eye.

It is understood that more than 6,000 mu of sorghum has been planted in Tongnan District. At present, the local sorghum has fully entered the harvesting stage, and the output per mu is expected to reach 600 kg to 800 kg. In recent years, Tongnan District has promoted the mechanization, standardization and scale of planting production of grain and oil crops such as sorghum through measures such as land mechanization, improving the access and working conditions of agricultural machinery, setting up an expert service team to assist farming, and providing technical service guidance for the whole process. Compared with manual planting, the average income per mu of sorghum can reach about 200 yuan.

Give employees a raise first! Pangdonglai revolutionized BBK, the leading supermarket in Hunan, and 68-year-old Yu Donglai became an ＂addict＂ as a mentor.

　　Can BBK, which is surrounded by "flow", get out of the business dilemma?

　　Yu Donglai, 68, became the "mentor" of Wang Bu, the founder of BBK, a local supermarket in Hunan.

　　This is a helping and reforming plan led by Fat Donglai, a Henan Shangchao enterprise. It will systematically adjust BBK in terms of employee salary, working hours, store planning, product reorganization, supply chain, price optimization and service improvement, and transform 2-3 BBK supermarket stores in 2-3 months.

　　Pangdonglai and BBK are well-known local supermarkets, and the founders of the two companies, Yu Donglai and Wang Tian, both embarked on the road of entrepreneurship in 1995. However, due to the different development routes chosen-Yu Donglai stuck to the local area of Henan, and Wangtian expanded abroad early, after nearly 30 years of establishment, the two enterprises have reached their respective present situations.

　　At the same time that Fat Donglai started "helping", the reorganization of BBK made progress. Chengdu Baitu Youni Culture Communication Co., Ltd. and China Foreign Economic and Trade Trust Co., Ltd. (together with its industrial partner Sinochem Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd.) were confirmed as the successful industrial investors in the reorganization.

　　Among them, Baitu Group, with "Red Man Economy+Brand Empowerment" as the core, has hatched kol with goods such as "Luo Wangyu" and "Zhang Xixi", and once put three sheep and worry-free media on the comprehensive strength monthly list of Tik Tok e-commerce MCN institutions.

　　Can BBK, which is surrounded by "flow", get out of the business dilemma?

　　Step by step to the left, fat east to the right.

　　Despite the influence of external environment, most traditional supermarkets in China have been paying for the rapid expansion in the past two years, and BBK is no exception.

　　In March 1995, Wang Tian and his wife Zhang Haixia established Xiangtan BBK Food Company, and the company’s first mass-market store was officially opened in Xiangtan in the same year. In 2001, BBK opened a 28,000-square-meter comprehensive shopping plaza in Xiangtan, and has since embarked on the fast lane of development; In 2002, the number of BBK stores reached 27, and its annual sales exceeded 1 billion yuan, making it the largest chain enterprise in Hunan. In 2008, BBK was listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, becoming "the first private supermarket in China", with more than 300 stores in its heyday.

　　Time has changed. Due to the rise of online retail and new retail formats, domestic hypermarket formats have declined in recent years. After losing money for two consecutive years and closing several stores, BBK started the reorganization process on October 26, 2023. As of April 6, 2024, a total of 13 investors have paid deposits, of which 10 investors have submitted restructuring investment plans. In addition to industrial investors, the recruitment of BBK financial investors is also in progress.

　　While promoting restructuring and solving the problem of supplier funds, BBK began to promote the restart of supermarket stores from the fourth quarter of last year. "As of March 2024, BBK had restarted 83 supermarket stores in Hunan and Guangxi." BBK told Time Finance.

　　Unlike Wang’s early expansion route, Yu Donglai doesn’t seem to have much "ambition" for scale.

　　In 2002, after operating a tobacco and alcohol company for five years, Yu Donglai opened the first Pangdonglai Life Plaza in Xuchang, Henan; In 2005, Fat Donglai first expanded to Xinxiang, and "Xinxiang Fat Donglai Department Store" opened. By the end of 2023, there were only 13 stores in Pangdonglai, and they always stuck to Xuchang and Xinxiang.

　　In the early days, it also tried to spread the layout. More than ten years ago, Pangdonglai opened some small supermarkets on the basis of big stores in Xuchang and Xinxiang. However, since 2012, Fat Donglai has successively shut down more than a dozen small shops in Xuchang Street. In 2013, Yu Donglai said in Weibo that Xinxiang Pangdonglai Store closed after the property contract expired, and attributed it to the internal strategic adjustment of the enterprise. "The scale of the enterprise was reduced because the current management ability could not be reached."

　　Fat Donglai, who lives in a corner, was not high-profile in the past. It was not until 2020 that he donated 50 million yuan to fight the epidemic in Wuhan that he began to be known to the public. In the early years, Lei Jun and Ma Yun also visited Fat Donglai. In Lei Jun’s mouth, Fat Donglai is "the existence of China retail industry", and Ma Yun also said that "Fat Donglai is a mirror, which can show the shortcomings of other enterprises".

　　"Explosive reform" step by step, starting with salary increase

　　Stepping on the rapid expansion of the "thunder", the former "first share of private supermarkets" had to put down their posture and accept guidance from their peers.

　　Their interaction can also be traced. On December 12, 2023, at the invitation of Wang Tian, the chairman of BBK, Yu Donglai visited BBK, and successively visited BBK stores in Changsha and Xiangtan, and gave on-the-spot guidance. In April this year, Fat Donglai sent a team of 20 executives to Changsha to help BBK.

　　Specifically, BBK will combine the corporate culture and business strategy of Pangdonglai, and plan to make systematic adjustments in terms of employee salary, working hours, store planning, product reorganization, supply chain, price optimization, service improvement, etc., giving priority to building a sample of Pangdonglai-style stores in Changsha, and transforming 2-3 BBK supermarket stores in 2-3 months. The remaining BBK stores will also refer to the sample stores, which will be comprehensively transformed by the BBK team.

　　This is not the first time that Fat Donglai has helped his peers. In July, 2023, it organized a team including purchasing, operation, stores, finance and other business sectors, and combined with a main team of pro-fresh-keeping department to carry out the reform of Gabrielle, a local supermarket in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, and adopted six measures: increasing employees’ salary, shortening business hours, adjusting store layout, optimizing product quality, improving fresh-keeping ability and restoring customers’ trust.

　　According to the report of Lianshang. com, after one month’s adjustment and reform, the sales of Gabrielle Wanli Store were 400,000-450,000 yuan on weekdays and exceeded 500,000 yuan on weekends. The average daily sales of Gabrielle Henderson Store increased from 125,000 yuan to 220,000 yuan a week after the reform, and it reached 250,000 yuan at the weekend.

　　Shen Hongli, general manager of Pangdonglai Supermarket, and Jia Jianquan, a pro-chairman of Qinghai, are the principal and deputy commanders of the transfer of Gabrielle. This assistance to BBK is also led by two people, and David Xu, general manager of fresh food in Pangdonglai Supermarket, is the executive director.

　　Judging from the adjustment and reform measures carried out by BBK, it is similar to the direction of Gabrielle. On the evening of April 9th, BBK issued an apology letter to customers, which mentioned that it had realized its own problems and sincerely said "I’m sorry" to everyone. He also said that he would optimize procurement channels, remove products with insecure quality, adjust shopping malls and improve employees’ salaries and benefits.

　　At present, the business hours of 17 BBK supermarkets in Changsha, Yueyang, Changde and other cities have been adjusted to 9:30-21:30 (previously from 8:00 to 22:00). In addition, BBK Changsha Meixi Store started employee recruitment with a monthly salary of 4,000-5,000 yuan. Time Finance found in the recruitment software that the salary of cashier, cleaning and other posts in BBK Supermarket was 2000-3000 yuan.

　　Bao Yuezhong, a new retail expert, analyzed Time Finance. The current problem of BBK cannot be solved by measures such as raising wages and compressing working hours. "As a large chain enterprise, its problems are very complicated, and the final result of Fat East’s help needs further observation."

　　The fat man who was "famous" came from the east, and he was not so god in the local area.

　　Despite the outstanding performance of products and services, the real success of Fat East cannot be separated from the help of social media.

　　Time Finance learned that since 2023, in the comment area of many store-exploring videos such as Sam and the market opener, a large number of praises for Fat Dong came into being, attracting many netizens to experience punching in thousands of miles. However, with the deification of Fat Donglai, its words and deeds are also under the magnifying glass, and employee welfare and business hours are widely discussed.

　　Luo Chen has just joined the production and operation post of Pangdonglai. According to him, the company’s job application is under great competitive pressure. "There are 209 open recruitment positions, and about 30,000 resumes have been delivered, but the salary is about 80,000-100,000/year, which is really good in Xuchang with an average monthly salary of 3,000 yuan."

　　As a Xuchang person, in Luo Chen’s cognition, Fat Donglai is just a supermarket that everyone recognizes and trusts. "We locals just regard it as an ordinary supermarket, which is not as deified as online. Because of the high quality of goods, it is generally not cheap, and we will not go shopping every day. Everyone regards it more as a place to spend time."

　　According to Luo Chen’s memory, the explosion of Xuchang’s fat east was the explosion of "pilgrims" after a blogger’s shop-exploring video went out of the network in early 2023. "Now I dare not go to Fat East on weekends and holidays. The roads adjacent to the stores are jammed, and even the small town of Xuchang is crowded. A few days ago, during the Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, there were basically no local cars on the road. "

　　The shopping experience of being at home has always been a business card from Fat East, but with its increasing voice on social media, it has also spawned a large number of purchasing agents.

　　Tang Ting, who went to college in Xuchang, pointed out to Time Finance that after purchasing more last year, many things could not be bought, and the foreign purchasing vehicles pulled goods. "I once saw a shopping cart full of washcloths and baby wipes, thinking it was a promotion. As a result, after taking two bags, someone next to me said that this was her goods."

　　In order to reduce the impact of purchasing on the brand, on April 5, Fat Donglai issued a statement, saying that a large number of accounts of Fat Donglai without authorization from the company were found on Taobao, Pinduoduo, Tik Tok and other online platforms, which misled consumers and would use legal means to protect their rights.

　　Help from different places, Fat East will go out of Henan?

　　Many times’ assistance to supermarkets in different places has also made the outside world see another path for Pangdonglai to get out of Henan-exporting business philosophy.

　　Under the word-of-mouth effect, many retail entrepreneurs hope to learn from Yu Donglai. Previously, Gansu Xinle Supermarket, Hubei Yasi Supermarket and a pro-supermarket in Qinghai had all been personally led by Yu Donglai.

　　On the one hand, the pressure of rent and labor costs in third-tier cities is relatively small, and if it expands outward, it will bring greater financial pressure; On the other hand, the expansion needs to overcome the difficulties and risks of building supply chains and logistics centers, and it will also face fierce competition from local enterprises.

　　Yu Donglai has repeatedly rumored that Fat Dong wants to open a shop in Zhengzhou. In his speech, he responded: Why not enter Zhengzhou? The house price in Zhengzhou is too expensive. If you come to Zhengzhou to open a shop, how can I arrange my staff? In the latest live broadcast on November 17th last year, Yu Donglai once again responded that there is no plan to open a shop in Zhengzhou for the time being.

　　At present, there are 13 stores in Pangdonglai. Among them, there are 8 comprehensive shopping malls (Angel City, Times Square, Life Square, Xinxiang Dapang, Xinxiang Life Square, Beihai Store, Golden Triangle Store and Yuzhou Store), 1 large-scale clothing specialty store (clothing building) and 4 medium-sized community supermarkets (Yunding Store, People Store, Labor Store and Jinhui Store). According to the plan in early 2022, Fat Donglai plans to add 1-2 stores in 2024.

　　Recently, Pangdonglai has also expanded its online channels, opening a WeChat applet "Pangdonglai Online Mall" and "Pangdonglai Franchise Store" in Tik Tok. If the effect of helping other enterprises such as BBK reaches expectations, it may not be impossible for Fat East to come out of Xinxiang and Xuchang.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Luo Chen and Tang Ting are pseudonyms.)

Face the incurable disease of the century

It has been more than 20 years since the first AIDS report was published in June 1981. Although people’s understanding of AIDS is increasing day by day, they have not been able to find effective prevention and treatment drugs. As a terminal illness in the 20th century, AIDS is still a lingering shadow on the human head, with more than 40 million people infected with HIV worldwide. In the new century, conquering AIDS is one of the most urgent tasks in the world.

AIDS is a transliteration of the English acronym "AIDS" for "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". HIV is a lifelong infection, which destroys people’s immune system and makes people lose their ability to resist various diseases.

In 1983, French scholar L. Montagni Ai isolated a related virus from the lymph nodes of patients, which was called lymphadenopathy-associated virus. In the same year, American scholar Gallo isolated the same virus from patients. It was later proved that the above virus was the pathogen of AIDS. In 1986, the International Committee on Virus Classification suggested that the new virus be named human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus, with a single strand RNA at the core and an envelope outside. HIV is sensitive to heat and can be inactivated in 30 minutes at 56 degrees Celsius.

At present, anti-virus drugs are mainly used in the clinical treatment of AIDS. Nucleoside drugs were first used in 1987. In 1994, a protease inhibitor was introduced. After 4 to 5 years’ research, it has been gradually introduced to the clinic. In 1995, Professor He Dayi, a Chinese-American, invented the famous "cocktail therapy", in which protease inhibitors were mixed with other antiviral drugs, and the drugs were given when HIV just invaded the human body, so as to prevent the virus from damaging the human immune system before the onset of the disease. Although it can’t achieve the goal of eradicating AIDS, this therapy has been able to effectively control the development of AIDS patients.

In order to defeat AIDS, the international community has made great efforts. On January 1, 1996, the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS was formally established in Geneva, sponsored by six United Nations agencies. Its main task is to lead and widely support activities aimed at preventing the spread of AIDS, make more effective use of the resources of the United Nations system, reduce the vulnerability and susceptibility of individuals, communities and special groups to AIDS, and reduce the harm caused by the AIDS epidemic. China is one of the earliest members of the Planning and Coordination Office, the highest administrative body of UNAIDS, and the first developing country to donate to the organization. In order to exchange experiences and achievements in time, formulate strategies and coordinate work, the International AIDS Society has organized an annual "International AIDS Conference" since 1985, and the number of delegates in recent sessions has reached more than 10,000.

At present, the number of HIV-infected people in developed countries is stabilizing or beginning to decline, while the number of infected people in developing countries is growing rapidly. According to statistics, 95% of AIDS patients in the world live in developing countries.

Baidu Post Bar or No Queen-What happened to this session of interest community？

This paper makes an inventory of why some products in interest communities have changed from being popular to being tepid now, and further analyzes the opportunities of new products in interest communities.

Perhaps many people have forgotten why people went online 20 years ago.

"I want to watch the news" and "I want to chat" are the basic needs of the first batch of netizens in China.

In essence, this is the rightcontentandsocial contactDemand.

Community products that meet these two needs have always run through the Internet.

From various chat rooms, to xici, and Baidu Post Bar, which is popular for a while, many popular people and popular content have been produced in these communities. In the 20 years of the fastest development of the Internet in China, these communities have also nurtured different styles of Internet content culture.

Let’s turn the camera back to the present, 2019.

The waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before, even if it is a king like Baidu Post Bar, it has been unstoppable in recent years.

With the development of technology, many new community products began to shine, such as short video community in Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok, question and answer community in Zhihu, sharing community in Little Red Book and so on.

While those who retain the dignity of interest-oriented communities are all vertical communities in a certain field, such as Tigers and car home.

Then the question is, why didn’t an interest community emerge like the post bar in those days?

What does the peak Baidu Post Bar look like?

In terms of activity, taking the two big brothers, World of Warcraft Bar and Li Yiba, for example, it is not a problem to refresh a page and a half in one second.

From the perspective of cultural output, there are countless online hot words born in Post Bar. Words such as "Diaosi" and "Gao Fushuai" from Li Yi Bar have long been broken and used all over the network;

From the big event, "Jia Junpeng, your mother asked you to go home for dinner" is not familiar? In 2008, it was World of Warcraft that set off the "anti-Korean jihad" on the whole network.

Not to mention that Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon’s Post Bar has high-quality content exporters in various fields. For example, the well-known digital evaluation up master "Pen Bar Evaluation Room" in bilibili now comes from notebook Post Bar.

There are many highly active post bars under various categories such as games, novels, campus and animation. In 2016, the DAU of the post bar reached 3000W W.

However, if we can clearly point out the peak period of a product, it means that the product has fallen from the peak.

I talked to my friends at Baidu Post Bar.In 2018, the DAU of Post Bar has fallen below 1000W. After the activities in 2019 and the Spring Festival Evening, the DAU of Post Bar has probably risen to 1350W W. Up to now, I have not obtained the specific DAU value of Post Bar, but it should be around 1000 W or even lower.

It is true that the products with daily activities are very large, but they are not as good as their past.

Moreover, as far as I know, the staff of Post Bar has also greatly declined this year.

Internet products are like sailing against the current. If you don’t advance, you will retreat.

Baidu post bar, slowly walk down the altar.

Compared with other fields, there are not so many people in the field of interest community.

In 2014, after a period of uproar, the interest tribes who independently launched the APP from QQ had no sound in the past two years. We can see that the interest tribes are not living well through the download volume estimation.

(Interest tribe IOS downloads estimated data-from seven wheat data)

In the first half of this year, the headline products flew online, shouldering the heavy responsibility of impacting Tencent’s social moat, but it was only a flash in the pan.

(Fei Chat OS downloads estimated data-from seven wheat data)

After all, even compared with the current Baidu Post Bar APP, their data is several orders of magnitude worse.

(Baidu Post Bar IOS downloads estimated data-from seven wheat data)

In addition, it is also in the direction of transforming into an interest community immediately. If it is not removed, it should take shape.

At the same time, I have to mention the contemporary products of Baidu Post Bar:halves of a bean.

Douban group is actually well received at the user end, and there are also big head groups like Douban Goose Group, but the official attitude of Douban to the group is a bit vague.The whole company didn’t take the team as the focus.

Judging from the fact that users of "Aidou Group" and "Anti-Abei Dictatorship Group" actively put forward suggestions to report bugs, it seems that users have deeper feelings for the group than the official.

(Douban Group-Aidou Group)

There are also some niche products mixed with social and interest communities, such as soda and a can (just acquired immediately), which are generally tepid.

Why are these new interest communities not working?

Many times, when we look at the content of a formed community, we will find that the content of this community seems to have no focus, as if a group of users are sharing their daily lives or discussing some hot news.

For example, the pedestrian street, the largest section of Hupu, mostly contains a group of straight men talking about life, work and hot news, and there are also basketball-related contents, but not many.

Some people think that this is the main content in the community, so as long as you find a group of users who love to chat and share, and put them together, you can naturally chat.

So I spent a lot of money, and I bought DAU to tens of millions a day, and the purchase was cool for a while, and I kept it in the crematorium.

This is completely putting the cart before the horse.

Like Hupu, most users began to share their lives and express their opinions on hot news, which should actually be regarded as one of the signs of community success.

This means that this situation is the result of community success, not the reason for community success.

Anyone who has really mixed up with the community knows that most users are attracted by the characteristic content of this community first, then slowly like the atmosphere of this community, and finally fully recognize this community and its users.

When the user recognizes this community, he will be willing to share his anxiety, doubt and pain in this community in a unique way.

For example, in V2EX, a programmer community, there are not only technical discussions, but also many people who care about hair loss, sudden death and career development.

For example, in tiger pounce, when JRs are green, they will come to the pedestrian street to post.

(Tigers often share their experiences of being green.)

But recognition is a process, and no user can recognize a community as soon as he reads a few posts.

If a community does not have distinctive content and a good user atmosphere, why should users recognize this community?

From this perspective, look at these new interest communities again, and you will find that these apps are good in terms of first feeling, vision and interaction.

However, a closer look shows that there are very few communities that can achieve distinctive content, let alone the user atmosphere.

We might as well study what successful communities did right when they accumulated traffic in the early stage.

In my opinion, the core of community success is two things:

First, output accurate and high-quality content.
Second, establish a good sense of participation mechanism to let users chat.

Both of them have a bilateral network effect. If China Unicom can be penetrated, a community will form a very good growth model.

Simply put, it is the reason for users to come to the community and the motivation left for users. If users stay, they will continue to give new users reasons to come to the community.

We often say that the traffic grasper is nothing more than these three:Tools, benefits, content.

In addition to Baidu Post Bar, a community product backed by search traffic dad, other interest community products rely on content to obtain seed users in the early stage.

These contents have two characteristics:The field is vertical and the quality is quite high.

At the beginning, the tiger pounce won the first wave of high-quality basketball fans by relying on the founder Cheng Hang to manually carry first-hand NBA information in Chicago.

At the beginning of the new oxygen, it also relied on the official team to take field photos of major plastic surgery hospitals and carry high-quality plastic surgery related materials from abroad, which gained the first wave of attention.

We expand the scope from "interest community" to "community", and you will find that this still holds:

At the beginning, the little red book in the sharing community was a PDF file called "Outbound Shopping Guide";

Zhihu, a question-and-answer community, became famous at first through high-quality answers.

Users who come through content will also have higher accuracy and quality, which is more in line with the characteristics of core users in the early stage.

In most communities, the sense of participation mechanism is equivalent to the UGC mechanism. If we use more understandable words, this is called:

Atmosphere!

Shaping the atmosphere does not require strong product functions, and establishing UGC mechanism does not mean that online level and incentive system are needed.

Most importantly, you need to let users know what they should talk about and how to talk.

For interest communities, the question of "what to talk about" is not difficult, and interest itself is the most important theme.

The difficulty is "how to talk".

Some community operators are content-conscious and know how to distribute some dry goods in the community.

However, in most cases, when the content is sent out and users see it, at most, they just like it and reply to some meaningless words such as "thank you" and "awesome".

We can’t talk at all.

Be reasonable. It is better to be a WeChat official account for this unilaterally transmitted content.

And when we look back at how successful communities talk, you will find some very interesting things.

First, the replies to most posts are not meaningless, whether they are clever or spiteful, but serious discussions and exchanges.
Second, in most posts, the interaction between users in the comment area is very good, such as posting and tiger flapping, and two people can brush several versions of messages.
Third, there will be many popular posts, not because of the content of the poster, but because of the content of the comments replied by God, and the rightmost one has done this to the extreme.

After a while, the atmosphere of chatting came out, and the sign of the formation of community atmosphere was the formation of some community slang.

As far away as "Li Jufu" and "Laixin Chop" in the post period, as close as "I’m ready", these are not only a community slang, but also a community culture.

Atmosphere is the moat of a community.

In fact, the atmosphere of community products will set the tone in the early stage of products. For example, Zhihu’s rigorous and serious attitude was slowly cultivated during the period of invitation system.

These foundations all depend on the initial group of core seed users, who must be professional and enthusiastic.

Moreover, even with this group of users, the community atmosphere will not be achieved overnight, and it will take time to slowly precipitate.

The community has to cook soup slowly, and impatience can’t be done well.

I have to say that compared with the brilliant years of Baidu Post Bar, the current market environment has been very different, and it is these differences that make it more difficult for excellent communities to appear.

In a community, 90% of users are content-consuming users who only watch and don’t speak. For such users, the content experience of short videos is better, so most users will replace community products with short video products.

Because short videos have a strong ability to grab users’ attention, Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok will even become the second competing products of live broadcast platforms such as Betta and Huya.

(From QuestMobile: cmnet Autumn Report in 2019)

During Tianya Forum and Baidu Post Bar, most content producers used love to generate electricity. At that time, it was not easy to accumulate fans, nor was it easy to realize fans, and it was even more difficult to realize simple content.

Now, there are a lot of ways to realize the realization of people who have the ability to produce content. Everyone is profit-seeking, and they all do positive feedback timely and strongly, which invisibly reduces the number of high-quality content producers in the community.

Since the second half of 2017, the position of "growth hacker" has continued to become popular, and cases such as "3 days and 0 costs increased by 100W users" have emerged one after another.

The threshold of bosses and investors is constantly being raised. If a new product can’t do tens of millions of daily jobs in a few months, it is a slam.

But this kind of thing, interest community, itself is slow work and fine work to do well.

However, this does not mean that the track of the community of interest has no future.

People are gregarious animals, and finding a group and a sense of belonging are the needs written in genes.

In addition, Tencent, Zhihu, Toutiao, Nail and other big companies have entered the market one after another, and all of them have launched their own interest community products, which also means the huge opportunities hidden in the interest community.

Opportunities are accompanied by challenges, depending on who can take the lead in finding a reasonable growth model.

However, countless past experiences also tell us that the first person to find a growth model may not have the last laugh.

However, it is these unknown futures that make people excited and excited.

Although the current interest community products are basically "circle" and "group" models, there are also some products with differences that make me shine.

A successful Q&A community does have natural advantages if it wants to breed a successful interest community.

Aside from the advantages of traffic, Zhihu itself has a mature community atmosphere and a lot of professional content. So, what is important for interested communities is already available in Zhihu.

It depends on the performance afterwards.

Backed by the traffic of WeChat, as long as WeChat wants to push, the quantity is definitely not worrying.

The worry is how to keep it, and how to solve the problems of content and atmosphere. If Haowuquan starts to cooperate with WeChat WeChat official account in depth, the chances are considerable.

I’ve been thinking for a long time whether to put it up immediately. After all, it’s getting cold immediately, and I’m not sure whether I can come back.

Thanks to the function of content subscribers, a large number of instant users are Internet practitioners, so a community called "product manager’s daily life" quickly formed after the later transfer to the community.

As mentioned above, if users recognize a community, they will be willing to share some anxious, confused and painful things in this community.

And the immediate "product manager’s daily routine" was done.

Now I immediately received a can, and I don’t know how the follow-up will develop, which is worth looking forward to.

Generally speaking, interest community products will use content as a traffic grasper to acquire users, but Utopia, a product, takes a different approach and chooses tool attributes.

It has a set of very powerful background management functions. As an operator, you can create your own community and customize many functions, from user incentive system to content partition, the functions needed to operate the community are clear.

This also means that the Utopia product was initially aimed at B-end users, that is, operators in various communities.

This is indeed a different idea from other communities. With the development of WeChat WeChat official account, headline number and live broadcast platform, KOL is more and more subdivided and vertical, and there are not few KOLs with high commercial value, such as Li Jiaqi and papi sauce.

There is no guarantee that KOL in any field needs such a product to run a community. After all, the user operation functions of WeChat and Weibo are too weak.

However, as mentioned above, the core of the community is characteristic content and user atmosphere. It remains to be verified whether it can help operators solve the problems of content and atmosphere from the perspective of tool attributes.

Yes, I also put bilibili in here, and this is my favorite.

From the point of view of interest community, where are you most likely to find some content of very small interest at present, and where can you find people who like it? I think it’s just bilibili.

Unlike video websites such as iQiyi and Youku, bilibili has a highly recognizable user atmosphere and a wide range of content.

Although bilibili still looks like a video website at present, who knows the future?

As a community enthusiast, I sincerely hope to see more good community products.

Everyone is afraid of loneliness, everyone needs to find their own group, and everyone needs a sense of belonging.

In the vast expanse of the country, you can find people like yourself, which is the meaning of the Internet.

This article was originally published by @ Ye Xiaozhao. Everyone is a product manager. It is forbidden to reprint without permission.

The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Still struggling to buy what car？ Let’s take a look at the Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition, with the highest direct drop of 265,200 in the country.

Every weekend is a small peak of travel and car purchase. When you have time to visit the car market and check the price of the car, plus the holiday promotion of various brands, you have long been interested and the price is right, so you should take the shot when it is time. Friends who haven’t bought a car must be particularly looking forward to the recent car price. Let’s take a look at the recommended models of this site today.

The biggest discount on the transaction price of Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition in the past month reached 79,700%, the cash of new cars dropped by 265,200 yuan, and the national sales of new cars started at 1,042,800 yuan. The price is for reference only, and the actual transaction price is subject to the local dealer.

The figure below shows the sales data of Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition. The national sales volume in the last month was 41 vehicles. I wonder if Land Rover is still satisfied with this achievement. Most people will follow the sales volume when buying a car, which is the main basis for most people to judge whether a car is good or not without in-depth understanding of a car. Although it is not accurate, it is not groundless, but if you have higher requirements for car selection, you need to make more efforts to fully understand it.

With the improvement of consumption level, the frequency of consumers changing cars is generally increasing in recent years, especially the market share of used cars is increasing year by year. Now most capable consumers will not drive a car to scrap. Therefore, the preservation rate is not only related to your sales rate, but also reflects the quality of the car, market share, user reputation, etc. It is also closely related to the maintenance cost. The following picture shows the preservation rate of Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition. Is it within your acceptable range?

Next, let’s take a look at consumers’ comments on Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition. If the comprehensive score is 5 points, then the score of Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition is 4.36 points, and the result is not bad.
Among them, Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition has the most outstanding performance in appearance and interior, so consumers pay more attention to appearance and interior.
Then the Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition can be considered.
Because each user has different needs for the car, different uses and different feelings, the evaluation is only for reference. The most reliable thing is to go to the store to test drive in person. Even if you can’t test drive on the road, you should sit in the car and feel it.

If you have seen the above, you still have doubts about whether the Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition is worth buying, then you can also look at the performance of the competing products of the Land Rover Range Rover Sport Edition. Among the following competing products, the Cayenne sold the most last month, with 1,311 cars. There is always one for you.

If the price of the Range Rover Sport Edition is suitable in the near future, then the friends will hurry! Linkage promotion in many places across the country, and there are even more discount models as low as 30%.

SMS 20 yuan, Express 80 yuan … Have you spent all this money on getting a visa？

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, August 14th. Title: A short message 20 yuan, a courier 80 yuan, printing a page for more than 10 yuan … … Have you spent all this money on getting a visa?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Moling, Yang Yang, He Xiyue and He Xinrong.

　　In summer, many people choose to travel abroad to relax in the summer. However, the experience of handling visas in some visa centers has made them very angry. The prices of many services are four or five times higher than the market price; After the appointment, you still have to queue for four or five hours, but you can pay four or five hundred "queue-jumping fees". A family of three is required to pay three courier fees when sending materials for the same project … … Xinhua News Agency reporters learned that some visa centers in Beijing and Shanghai have deviated from the original intention of "simplifying visa procedures and improving service efficiency".

　　Fees are arbitrary, expensive, and you have to suffer if you don’t spend money.

　　"It feels like pits everywhere!" Last week, Miss Dong and her family encountered "willful" charges when they applied for a visa in Beijing.

　　Temporary request for additional translation documents, charging high translation fees. "The staff of the visa center asked me to submit a translation of the real estate license and proposed to charge a translation fee for 110 yuan/Page." Miss Dong told the reporter that she thought the charge was too expensive and offered to translate it herself. The staff said that it is ok to translate by yourself, and it is necessary to re-number the business. Miss Dong thought about the queue time of several hours before, so she had to pay for it.

　　Be unreasonably asked to pay 3 high mailing fees. "The distance of one stop subway, the visa center asks for the courier fee 80 yuan, even if the online errands service is used, the price is four or five times higher." Miss Dong said that what made her even more angry was that her family of three handled the same business and delivered the materials together using the same delivery address, but they were told that they had to pay three courier fees.

　　Miss Dong also told reporters that it was originally a short message reminding service for visa centers to avoid customers who take their own documents, and the price was as high as 20 yuan. If you don’t hand it in, you may make a trip or even more trips in vain when you pick it up.

　　Miss Dong’s experience is by no means a case. Ms. Shi, a resident of Beijing, found that she still had to wait in line for four or five hours after making an online reservation at the visa center in advance. At this time, some staff members repeatedly persuaded her to spend four or five hundred yuan on the spot to buy VIP services, which can avoid queuing. Ms. Shi found that the staff did not provide official invoices after collecting fees.

　　A number of interviewees told reporters that they felt that these visa centers only had money in their hearts.

　　"Coax", "bluff" and "hard": "three axes"

　　The reporter saw on the optional service fee table provided by a visa center in Beijing: SMS notification to 20 yuan, express delivery to 80 yuan, printing 10 yuan/page, photo 40 yuan, VIP service to 390 yuan, super quick signing of 8421 yuan … … Many people told reporters that these "sky-high" services are called "optional", but they often "have to choose". The reporter found that there is a fixed routine for staff to fool customers into saving money.

　　— — "coax" first. The reporter saw in the multi-site visa center that the staff would sell VIP services with paid queues to customers from the moment they entered the door. The price of a service is usually around 300-600 yuan. The reporter learned from some staff that most of the people who come to apply for visa business are customers with acceptable economic conditions, and they don’t feel much pain about the cost of tens of dollars and hundreds of dollars. So I repeatedly instilled the so-called concept of "spending money to buy convenience" to fool customers into paying more for services.

　　— — "Tiger" again. "If you don’t follow what I said, the visa is likely to fail." This sentence has become a "mantra" to "control" customers’ money, which is very effective. Miss Dong told reporters that it was this sentence that frightened her when she considered submitting the materials directly without paying high translation fees. Almost all the respondents said that they had heard this sentence when they were unwilling to pay according to the instructions of the staff.

　　— — Finally "hard". Some staff members tend to be tough on customers who don’t listen and can’t bluff. When Ms. Luo from Shanghai applied for a German visa for herself and her son at the visa center, she was asked by the staff to make an extra copy of the proof of financial resources. But before that, she had found out in official website that it was unnecessary. But at the insistence of the staff, Ms. Luo can only copy more than 20 pages of relevant materials. Some staff members will find some "troubles" for customers who don’t want to spend money, such as making them queue up again for business or waiting for a long time.

　　The reporter learned from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism that in 2018, the number of China citizens traveling abroad has reached 149.72 million, a year-on-year increase of 14.7%. Lou Jiajun, a professor at the School of Tourism Management of East China Normal University, said that in the face of such a large population and huge market, it is increasingly important to regulate the arbitrary charges of visa centers.

　　Experts say it is illegal for visa centers to charge fees arbitrarily.

　　The reporter learned that many consumers have complained to the 12358 price supervision platform about the "willful" charges of the visa center, but they got a reply saying: "The price of services such as express delivery belongs to the market-adjusted price, and operators can set their own prices according to the production and operation costs and market supply and demand." Is this statement true?

　　"The visa center is a service organization between the handler and the embassy or consulate, mainly engaged in business consultation, material collection and preliminary examination, and visa retrieval." Yang Jinsong, a scholar in china tourism academy, said that embassies and consulates in many countries will authorize a third-party agency to assist in visa processing, and this agency will also find a cooperative enterprise in China to set up visa centers in the corresponding cities.

　　The reporter learned that at present, visa outsourcing services in embassies and consulates in China are mainly concentrated in VFS Global, TLS contact and BLS.

　　Experts remind that the nature of market-oriented enterprises does not mean that visa centers have the right to "willfully" charge. Qiu Baochang, an expert from the Expert Committee of the China Consumers Association, believes that the visa center has an exclusive property because of its authorized relationship with embassies and consulates of specific countries, which actually forms a market dominance monopoly position. "It is illegal to use this monopoly position to implement high fees and arbitrary charges, which has violated the relevant provisions of Article 17 of the Anti-monopoly Law." Qiu Baochang suggested that market supervision departments and anti-monopoly law enforcement departments should promptly investigate and deal with relevant illegal acts.

　　Chen Yinjiang, Deputy Secretary-General of China Consumer Rights Protection Law Research Association, believes that embassies and consulates, as clients, should also strengthen management, regularly assess the clients who are responsible for the actual operation of visa centers, and terminate their business entrustment relationship in time if there are acts that harm the rights and interests of visa applicants, such as unreasonable charges or unreasonable trading conditions.

　　Yang Jinsong believes that the evaluation of the handlers should affect the assessment of the qualifications and performance of visa centers, thus forming the pressure to improve their services.

　　In response to some netizens’ reports that some European countries have extra charges in visa centers in China. The Department of Consular Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs indicated that it is learning about the situation and exchanging opinions and opinions with the relevant country, embassies and consulates in China. "We hope that embassies and consulates in China, the country concerned, will effectively guarantee the normal visa application order and facilitate bilateral personnel exchanges."

Shenzhen Municipal Finance Committee actively supports Shenzhen MSU.

　　On September 13th, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, which was jointly organized by Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government, Moscow State Lomonosov University and Beijing Institute of Technology, officially opened in Shenzhen. President’s Supreme Leader and Russian President Vladimir Putin respectively delivered congratulatory speeches to the opening ceremony of MSU. Deputy Prime Minister Liu Yandong of the State Council, China and Russian Deputy Prime Minister Golodets attended the opening ceremony. In October 2016, the Ministry of Education officially approved the establishment of Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, and in 2017, it officially enrolled the first batch of undergraduate and master students.

　　In recent years, in accordance with the relevant school-running agreements and the requirements of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Finance actively participated in the cooperation negotiation, preparation and school-running of the school, went to the school for investigation many times, inspected the configuration of teaching equipment and facilities on the spot, listened to the opinions and suggestions of the school, and strongly supported the construction of Shenzhen MSU-BIT University. In 2015, the registered capital was allocated according to the cooperation agreement. In order to support the school preparation, the school preparation funds were arranged in 2016 to ensure the smooth progress of the school preparation, opening and opening ceremony.

　　In the future, Shenzhen Municipal Finance will continue to actively support the development of Shenzhen MSU-BIT University in accordance with the relevant school-running agreements, and help Shenzhen MSU to become a high-level demonstration Sino-foreign cooperative university in China.

Revealing the ＂Little Guard＂ of Automobile —— Important Mission and Replacement of Fuel Filter

When you are driving your car on the road, enjoying the speed and passion, have you ever thought that there is a quietly dedicated widget to escort your safe and stable operation? Yes, it is the fuel filter.

Although the fuel filter is inconspicuous in the complex mechanical world of the automobile, it plays a vital role, just like a loyal guardian, silently guarding the normal operation.

First, the main function of the fuel filter

The main function of fuel filter is to filter impurities in fuel, such as rust, dust and tiny particles. Clean fuel is the guarantee of efficient engine operation, and fuel filter is the key link to achieve this goal. For example, if the rust in the fuel enters the engine, it may wear the precision parts and affect the injection accuracy of the fuel; Dust and fine particles may be blocked, resulting in uneven fuel injection.

Second, the hazards of not replacing the fuel filter in time

1, affect the engine performance

With the increase of service time, the filtration effect of the filter decreases gradually, and impurities will enter the fuel system. This may lead to the blockage of the fuel nozzle, uneven fuel injection, weak acceleration of the vehicle and obviously worse power than before. For example, when overtaking, you will obviously feel the lack of power, which will affect driving safety.

Impurities may also be damaged, reduce its working efficiency, and even cause failure, resulting in the engine not starting normally. For example, in the cold winter, the fuel pump failure may make the vehicle unable to start, which brings great inconvenience to travel.

2, shorten the engine life.

Impurities entering the engine will aggravate the wear of internal components, such as pistons, cylinder walls and so on. In the long run, it will reduce the service life of the engine and increase the maintenance cost. For example, serious wear may lead to engine burning and further damage to the engine.

Third, the method of judging whether the fuel filter needs to be replaced

1, according to the mileage and time.

Automobile manufacturers usually recommend the replacement cycle of fuel filters in vehicle maintenance manuals, which is generally about 20 thousand kilometers to 40 thousand kilometers, and the replacement cycle may be shorter. When the vehicle approaches or exceeds this mileage, or when it is used for a long time but has less mileage, it should be replaced. For example, if your vehicle has been used for three years, but the mileage is only 15,000 kilometers, you may need to replace the fuel filter, because the performance of the filter will decrease after a long time.

2. Observe the change of vehicle performance.

Power drop: If it is found that the acceleration of the vehicle is weak and the power drops obviously, it may be that the fuel filter is blocked, resulting in poor fuel supply. For example, when climbing a hill, it feels harder than before, and the accelerator is slow to respond.

Increased fuel consumption: Because the filtering effect becomes worse, impurities enter the fuel nozzle and affect the fuel injection and combustion efficiency. Under the same driving conditions, the fuel consumption is significantly higher than before. For example, a box of oil used to run 500 kilometers, but now it can only run about 450 kilometers.

Engine jitter: Especially when driving at idle speed or low speed, the fuel pressure may be unstable due to the blocked fuel filter. For example, when waiting for the traffic lights, you can obviously feel the engine jitter.

3. Check the fuel system fault light.

Some vehicles are equipped with this light. When the fuel filter is seriously blocked or has other faults, the fault light may light up. If your vehicle fault light is on, check the fuel system, including the fuel filter, in time.

4. Disassembly inspection

For those who have certain knowledge and skills in automobile maintenance, the fuel filter can be removed for inspection. Observe whether the appearance is damaged or deformed, and gently shake it to listen to the sound of impurities. If the filter is abnormal in appearance or can obviously feel impurities inside, it needs to be replaced.

Iv. Precautions for replacing fuel filter

1, choose the right filter

Adapt to the car model: make sure that the fuel filter you buy matches your car model. Different models of fuel filters may be different in size, interface type and filtration accuracy, and the appropriate model can be determined by consulting the maintenance manual and consulting the automobile dealer or professional maintenance personnel. For example, the fuel filters of a medium-sized SUV and a medium-sized SUV may be quite different in size.

Reliable quality: select brand products with reliable quality to ensure the normal operation and long service life of the fuel system and avoid the damage caused by fake and shoddy products to vehicles. For example, well-known brands of fuel filters usually use high-quality filter materials, which can better filter impurities.

2. Prepare the right tools

Common tools: Replacing the fuel filter usually requires tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers. Before replacing, make sure you have the right tools and check whether they are in good condition.

Protective articles: Because replacing the fuel filter may involve fuel contact, it is recommended to prepare gloves and other protective articles to protect your own safety.

3. Preparation before replacement

Stop the vehicle and cool the engine: Before replacing the fuel filter, park the vehicle in a safe place and turn off the engine. Wait for a while to avoid being replaced.

Relieve the fuel pressure: Before removing the fuel filter, it is necessary to relieve the pressure in the fuel system. The release methods of different models may be different. Generally, the pressure can be released by unplugging the fuel pump or relay and starting the engine to turn it off naturally. Before doing this, be sure to consult the vehicle’s maintenance manual to ensure the correct operation method.

4, matters needing attention in the process of replacement

Caution: When removing and installing the fuel filter, be careful to avoid damaging the fuel pipeline and other components. Be careful not to let impurities enter the fuel system.

Correct installation: ensure that the fuel filter is installed correctly and the direction is correct. Generally speaking, there will be a sign on the filter indicating the direction of fuel flow. Install the filter correctly according to the sign to ensure its good sealing.

Moderate fastening: When installing the fuel filter, pay attention to moderate fastening. Too loose may lead to fuel leakage, and too tight may damage the filter or fuel line.

5. Inspection after replacement

Check the tightness: after the replacement, carefully check whether there is fuel leakage at the joint between the fuel filter and the fuel pipeline. You can start the engine and observe it for a period of time to ensure that there is no leakage.

Clear the fault code: If the fault light of the vehicle lights up before replacing the fuel filter, it may be necessary to use a diagnostic tool to clear the fault code after replacement. If the fault light is still on, check the fuel system for other problems in time.

In a word, it is necessary to operate carefully when replacing the fuel filter, select the appropriate filter, prepare tools, replace it correctly and make a good inspection to ensure the normal operation of the fuel system and the safe driving of the vehicle. If you are uncertain about the replacement process, it is best to seek the help of professional maintenance personnel.

标签归档西安桑拿会所