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Infectious diseases in the epidemic： medical staff are desperately trying, and rumors are stirring up the situation.

Author: Yang Xiaoshuai Source: Southern Media College

Covid-19 VS natural and man-made disasters VS rumors　　

Since December 2019, many cases of viral pneumonia have been found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, all of which were diagnosed as viral pneumonia. On January 12, 2020, it was temporarily named 2019 novel coronavirus by the World Health Organization, namely "2019-nCoV".

Since the virus began to spread, the number of suspected patients and confirmed patients has been on the rise. According to media reports, as of 21: 00 on February 2, the number of confirmed cases in China reached 14,489, 19,544 suspected cases and 304 deaths. … 　

Since the outbreak of the epidemic, with the increasing number of infected people, there is also something undercurrent behind the epidemic, and that is rumors.

Unconsciously, they flowed out from different people and rushed to the network hot search. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, all kinds of rumors have appeared in BLACKPINK. The content is centered on the prevention and control of novel coronavirus, or spread around medical care, or around viruses, or around the media, or around government officials.

Around the medical experts, on January 22nd, Wuhan Health and Health Commission official micro @ Health Wuhan official micro posted a rumor: the information about Comrade Liu Qingxiang, deputy director of Wuhan Health and Health Commission was seriously untrue. Deputy Director Liu Qingxiang is 55 years old. Since the end of December last year, he has been sticking to the front line of pneumonia prevention and control in novel coronavirus. She has no daughter, only one son works in Han; Neither she nor her lover is a doctor, and her lover died in Han last year because of cancer. Online news is false. …

Around the media interpretation, around January 26th, a screenshot was circulated in various WeChat groups. At 9: 30 tonight, Bai Yansong, a CCTV news channel, hosted a live broadcast of novel coronavirus, inviting Academician Zhong Nanshan to introduce the epidemic situation, and invited parents and friends to watch it at that time. Subsequently, they were forwarded in the social circles of major schools, institutions and units, and some units even forced them to forward publicity. In the afternoon, Red Star News, Beijing News and other media reporters learned from the staff of CCTV News Channel "News 1+1" that the news was a rumor. There is no program on CCTV News 1+1 tonight and it will be broadcast tomorrow.

That night, CCTV refuted the rumor in its official WeChat official account "CCTV News". Although CCTV personally rumored, the forwarding of friends circle did not stop. …

Around preventive drugs, online preventive prescriptions, traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, western medicine prescriptions and other prescriptions were advertised on short video platforms in the official name, and then gradually ended in official rumors, and these rumors eventually overturned.

On the evening of January 31, a mainstream media platform said that Shuanghuanglian could inhibit pneumonia, and many city residents queued up overnight to buy Shuanghuanglian, which led to the pharmacy being out of stock on February 1.

All kinds of ghostly rumors "whack a hamster" appear constantly, and new rumors appear constantly. …

Not only in this novel coronavirus epidemic, but also in other health incidents, there are still rumors. There are also many rumors in the vinegar disinfection of SARS 17 years ago, H7N9 avian influenza and the swine flu epidemic in 2019.

In addition, in the face of geological disasters and man-made disasters, there will also be rumors and rumors to "spoil the situation."

In the past natural and man-made disasters, we can find such a problem: when human beings face disasters, rumors and rumors often appear, sometimes late, but not absent. …

Gossip, rumor spreading and confusing the bewildered audience

What is a rumor? What is a rumor?

Gossip is a kind of news or statement whose source is unknown and can’t be confirmed. It usually occurs in the period when the social environment is highly uncertain, the regular communication channels are blocked or the function is weakened. Gossip mainly appears in the form of spreading the truth. Rumors are mixed with a lot of rumors, rumors: news or information deliberately fabricated out of thin air.

Rumors may be true, but rumors must not be true.

As the main information form in collective behavior, gossip can spread mainly through interpersonal oral communication or group communication.

Collective behavior, as a special social interaction. In modern society, there will be an irregular interactive phenomenon based on the scene at that time in a special occasion, such as fashion, following the fashion, commotion and so on. …　

In collective behavior, the content of gossip often involves some special events or sensitive topics. It’s information that has no or no definite evidence. With the development of social network and mobile, the information flow in collective behavior also presents many characteristics:

The rapid proliferation of gossip information. Gossip information and the emotions it carries spread to the crowd at an abnormal speed. Rumors are mixed with "truth", and these seemingly "truth" contents are mixed with anxiety and even fear.

Strange backflow of gossip information. The same rumor has been passed back to its publisher, and many new contents have been added.

Rumors are accompanied by a lot of rumors. Rumor: news or information deliberately fabricated out of thin air. In the gathering behavior, people with ulterior motives use the excitement of the crowd to spread rumors and manipulate the crowd.

In the circulation of rumors and rumors, anxiety is aggravated, and the excitement of the crowd is intensified, thus being overwhelmed.

Reflecting on the "Shuanghuanglian" incident on February 1, whether Shuanghuanglian can really inhibit the virus has not been mentioned as preventable. In the media reports during the day on February 1, it was also said that taking Shuanghuanglian by normal people may cause discomfort. …

It took less than a day from the initial information release, to a large number of people snapping up Shuanghuanglian, and then to the shelves of Shuanghuanglian for poultry on Taobao.

Information flow in collective behavior: group suggestion and group infection

There are two special communication mechanisms in collective behavior, that is, group suggestion and group infection, mainly emotional infection, which spread very quickly;

Group imitation and "anonymity", the former is an instinctive and unconscious imitation, seeking a sense of security, while the latter is mostly a variety of cathartic destructive behaviors caused by people’s loss of social responsibility and self-control ability due to decentralized responsibilities. In the epidemic, there will also be individuals who make rumors about medical care and patient information in the network and release rumors in a cathartic way.

Public anxiety under the innuendo of rumors

On the one hand, the number of confirmed infections is rising, and on the other hand, there is overwhelming news. The public’s pessimism will naturally rise, and the public is anxious in the face of sudden epidemics. However, the news surrounding the epidemic, whether true or false, is always teasing the public’s nerves.

During the epidemic, the topics reported by major media basically revolve around the epidemic report. The rush of media has brought huge information flow and homogeneous reports.

In the epidemic report, Media A reported that patients in a hospital in Wuhan were discharged, and Media B reported the news again the next afternoon. Even, the local epidemic situation was released in the morning and reported by the media at night … The media was caught off guard in the face of a lot of information, and the flood of information flow led to overwhelming news and even repeated reports with serious homogenization.

Crazy information flow and audience’s fear of choice

The originally anxious audience was drowned in the flood of information and fell into the fear of screening information. When rumors and rumors appear as a novel content, they attract the attention of the audience and gradually spread through the Internet or orally.

Convenient social network provides a channel for the spread of rumors. From Weibo to WeChat, from WeChat group to friends circle, rumors can be seen.

On the other hand, the channels of rumor circulation are mostly social networks, which often appear in the form of short videos and chat screenshots. The forms of short videos, chat screenshots and texts have the following characteristics in the spread of rumors: First, they can be shared, and social networks such as Weibo and WeChat can share them directly; The second is grounding gas, short videos and screenshots are rough, which is easy to give the communicators a sense of reality and believe it.

Media literacy that needs to be improved urgently and knowledge gap that is difficult to fill.

Media literacy refers to people’s ability to choose information, question information, understand information, evaluate information, create information and produce information in different media, and reflect information in a speculative way.

According to CNNIC’s 44th Statistical Report on China’s Internet Development, as of June 2019, the proportion of netizens with junior high school, senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school education was 38.1% and 23.8% respectively; The proportion of netizens with college education, undergraduate education and above is 10.5% and 9.7% respectively. Simply from the perspective of netizens’ academic qualifications, we can’t completely conclude the audience’s media literacy, but the gap in knowledge affects the judgment to some extent.

How to distinguish the information provided by various media, especially in the face of professional information such as medical and health care, the ability to judge information is very limited.

Moreover, there is a great gap between the media, medical staff and ordinary net names, and the information that professionals can distinguish may not be distinguished by ordinary audiences.

Solution: cold treatment and speaking human words

In the face of complicated information flow, restlessness is inevitable, and instinctive restlessness is inevitable. The problem is, calm and calm, if the audience questions for a second or two before spreading, rumors may reduce the chances of spreading.

It is not only the audience that is agitated, but also the media. Unconfirmed information sources spread wildly, which is bound to become a gossip propagator, which is likely to lead to panic and panic.

Rumors can make people believe, and a few words will cause a sensation. Its characteristic is short "speaking people’s words", which is easy to understand! Information publicity and health news dissemination in a special period should also say "people talk". Instead of telling how to do a good job of protection with a title party and a long paper, it is better to list the rules and regulations at a glance.

Medical care is desperate at the front line, and rumors should not spoil the situation behind it. Although the epidemic is terrible, what is even more terrible is the heart disease of anxiety and emotion.

It is inevitable to refute rumors and popular science, but it is necessary to clarify the facts in simple words. Whether it is official timely notification or rumors, more keywords and fewer routines can make the problem much simpler.

I want to study how to prepare.

1. Vocabulary is the foundation.

You can buy a vocabulary book for postgraduate entrance examination. I used a vocabulary book published by New Oriental at that time. I read it back and forth many times, and I will spare at least half an hour to memorize words every day. In addition, I will read it with a word book in my spare time.

You don’t expect to improve your English instantly by memorizing words. It is a tool and needs long-term persistence. According to the scientific memory curve, the words memorized before need to be looked over frequently.

There is also an outline requirement for English for postgraduate entrance examination. The word book will mark the frequency of each word, and those that often appear as test sites need to be memorized.

2. Reading comprehension is the key.

Reading comprehension is what determines your final score in the English exam, so many people ask questions about sea tactics every day and do a lot of reading comprehension sets, but the correct answer rate is poor every time, and there is no progress in the end.

Before doing the problem, what we should do most is to find out where the inspection point of reading comprehension is and how to solve a kind of problem, instead of doing the problem by feeling. Generally, it can be divided into the following categories: examples, references, vocabulary, sentence comprehension, reasoning, theme, author’s attitude, judgment, details and so on.

No matter what kind of questions you encounter, don’t just rely on feelings, but find the answer in the article. The questioner will set some traps that people can easily believe. The reason why he is fooled is because he is taking the question for granted and thinks that he is the answer when he finds this sentence in the text. In fact, he has just entered the trap of the questioner.

The teacher has talked about the problem-solving method many times. Why do you still make so many mistakes? Because you didn’t follow the correct method. Every time you finish a problem, you should make a comparative summary. You should know the answering skills of a kind of problem. At first, it will be a little slow, but after you are proficient, you will improve your speed.

3. Make good use of real questions, take notes and learn to apply what you have learned.

Many people look for composition templates on the Internet. My experience is not to rely too much on templates. The best information is the real questions of previous years. You will find many good usages, good sentence patterns and advanced words in the process of doing the real questions, which are your best composition materials.

What you need to do is to carefully analyze each set of real questions, from words to sentences, from the method to the time, take notes, and then keep memorizing and strengthening them. It is enough to apply these good things to English for postgraduate entrance examination.

How does the space station keep ＂four seasons like spring＂？

Since the summer of this year, the highest temperature in many places in China has broken the historical extreme value and experienced the strongest hot summer day once in decades. Facing the high temperature, we can cool off the heat by turning on the air conditioner on earth. How does the Chinese space station in space maintain a comfortable temperature? Today, let’s reveal how the thermal control system of China Space Station makes our space home "like spring all the year round".

Space environment: ice and fire

China Space Station is located in a space environment about 400km from the ground. Without the protection of the atmosphere, the surface temperature of the space station can reach above 150℃ under the direct sunlight, and below -100℃ on the back side. In this "ice and fire" space environment, in order to ensure that astronauts can have a space station environment suitable for work and life, a thermal control system is needed to control the temperature.

Thermal control system is an important system to ensure the normal operation of space station equipment and the comfort of astronauts’ space life. The thermal control system is like our air conditioning system on the ground. By reasonably organizing the heat exchange process inside and outside the spacecraft, the temperature of all parts of the space station is always within the range required by the mission, which provides a good temperature environment for the normal work of space station equipment and the life of astronauts.

Different from the previous manned space missions, all spacecraft in the space station period need to fly in orbit for a long time, and astronauts also need to live in orbit for a long period of time, so higher requirements are put forward for temperature control. Facing the mission characteristics and requirements of China Space Station, the thermal control team has carried out a lot of technical research and carried out a number of technological innovations to create a comfortable "space home".

Thermal control mode 1

Create "Central Air Conditioning"

"Central Air Conditioning" in Thermal Control System of Space Station — — The fluid loop is the core of the thermal control system of the space station, and it is distributed in every corner in the Tianhe core module and the experimental module. The fluid loop can evenly wrap the important parts of the space station. Through the reciprocating circulation of special liquid in the pipeline, the heat generated by the equipment in the cabin and the life of astronauts is collected and brought to the corresponding equipment and structures through the loop to dissipate heat to the overheated place and heat to the supercooled place, so as to realize the functions of heat dissipation and heat supplement. At the same time, it can accurately control the temperature of different "rooms" of the space station and keep the temperature uniform and stable, which can be described as a tailor-made "central air conditioner".

The candlestick experimental module is the largest spacecraft with the heaviest load and the most test loads in China. There are many test loads installed in the module, and various exposure test loads with high heat consumption are arranged outside the module, which requires higher thermal control. The development team has developed three sets of liquid cooling systems for the experimental cabin of the space station, which can collect and radiate the heat generated by various equipment or test loads to outer space, and can support the heat dissipation of test loads above several kilowatts. One of them is a heat dissipation circuit specially designed to ensure the temperature of the extravehicular test load. The four-way valve technology is developed for the first time, which solves the influence of the installation state of the extravehicular test load on the loop system and is superior to the multi-valve control technology used by the International Space Station in weight.

Thermal control mode 2

Apply "space sunscreen"

In addition to building a "central air conditioner" to adjust the heat and cold of the space station, it can also passively insulate the spacecraft, and the thermal control coating is one of the passive thermal control. Since Shenzhou XII, the Shenzhou series of spaceships have been coated with a new silvery coating, which is a magical "space sunscreen" — — Low absorption-low emission thermal control coating.

In the construction stage of the space station, shenzhou spaceship is faced with the difficulty of cabin temperature control under long period and large temperature difference. When the space station assembly flies, the shenzhou spaceship may be continuously blocked by other cabins, resulting in the spacecraft being in an extremely low temperature environment where the sun cannot shine for a long time, and the lowest temperature is even lower than -100℃. However, when the space station assembly forms some configurations, the local area of the spacecraft will continue to be irradiated by the sun, with the highest temperature exceeding 100℃, which brings severe tests to the normal work of spacecraft equipment and the living environment of astronauts.

In order to solve this temperature control problem, the research team designed and developed a low absorption-low emission thermal control coating. Low absorption, as the name implies, is that the coating material itself has low solar absorption characteristics, which can effectively reduce the temperature rise caused by solar irradiation. Low emission means that the coating has low infrared emissivity, which can effectively block the radiation heat leakage from the interior of the spacecraft to the external cryogenic environment and avoid the continuous decrease of the temperature in the cabin. The thermal control coating is like a layer of "sunscreen", which effectively ensures the operation of the spacecraft in the long-term extremely high and low temperature environment and keeps the cabin in a suitable temperature range.

Thermal control mode 3

Put on an insulated "coat"

Another kind of passive thermal control is to put a thermal insulation "coat" on the spacecraft. Take Tianzhou-4 as an example. Tianzhou-4 runs in an orbit about 400 kilometers from the ground, and it takes about 90 minutes to circle the earth. Sometimes it is in the shadow of the earth and sometimes it is exposed to the direct sunlight. It needs to experience 14 such "ice and fire" every day. Therefore, the developers put on special heat insulation materials to resist the harsh environment and maintain a comfortable internal temperature.

The choice of fabric for spacecraft "coat" is very particular, which is carefully designed according to scientific principles. The fabrics with different characteristics meet the different needs of spacecraft. The "coats" of the cargo cabin and propulsion cabin of Tianzhou No.4 were designed in two different colors, gray and white. The cargo cabin needs to provide a temperature suitable for astronauts’ life, which is relatively high, so it is put on a gray "coat" to absorb more sunlight heat. The propulsion cabin is mainly equipment, which needs lower ambient temperature, so put on a white "coat" to reflect more sunlight heat.

In addition, the interior of Tianzhou No.4 "coat" adopts the design of multi-layer heat insulation components, which has a strong warm-keeping effect. It is composed of a film with high reflectivity and a polyester net supporting the film, which can be repeatedly superimposed to form a multiple structure. The heat inside is reflected by the reflective film layer by layer, and it is difficult to seep out of the surface, thus forming a high thermal resistance and preventing heat loss.　

Through the cooperative work of air conditioning, sunscreen and thermal insulation clothing, the research team has built the China Space Station into a comfortable "space home" and kept it "like spring all the year round". The thermal control system seems to be the "big housekeeper" who controls the heating and cooling of the space station, ensuring the comfort of the space station in the harsh space environment and caring for the space station to travel safely in the sky.

Four brilliant actors in ＂Qing Qing Daily＂： Liu Guanlin relies on jokes and Chen Xiaoyun relies on ＂green tea＂

Bai Jingting and Tian Xiwei starred in "Everyday of Qing Qing", and the popularity of Iqiyi has exceeded 9500. The emotional drama of Yin Zheng and Li Wei, the male and female heroines, is very popular. With the increasing attention of the audience, a number of supporting roles in this drama have also attracted the attention of the audience. The four supporting roles of "Everyday for Qing Qing" attracted the audience’s attention by virtue of their unique characters and good acting skills.

Liu Guanlin plays Yin An.

In called Daily Life, Yin Dark is the three little masters in Xinchuan. Before he appeared, Li Wei had heard about him. It is said that the three little masters are not only romantic and rich, but also charming and well proportioned. Li Wei is full of curiosity about the three little masters, and only when he really met, did he know how outrageous the rumors are. The three little masters are ugly, and most importantly, they waited for Li Wei and the three little masters.

The three young masters are a big joke in Everyday of Qing Qing. The role of Yin An is played by Liu Guanlin, and Liu Guanlin is known as "King Gigi". He looks very happy. When the three young masters of "Well proportioned" unveil the mysterious veil, the audience can’t help laughing when they see the true face of Liu Guanlin. In addition, Liu Guanlin’s acting skills are relatively relaxed, and his scenes are very relaxed. However, it seems funny and enterprising.

Chen Xiaoyun plays Hao Jia.

Hao Jia is beautiful and gentle. As soon as she appeared, the five young masters were taken away. However, Hao Jia is a very calculating girl. Her purpose in coming to Xinchuan is very clear, that is, she wants to marry the office leader, and she used a little strategy. Hao Jia got her wish, but the office leader is not a good match. Hao Jia can only.

Hao Jia is regarded as a high-ranking "green tea" in "Qing Qing Daily", especially the scenes in which she lured the office leader and fought against the main office. More importantly, Hao Jia is very transparent, and she knows the true face of the office leader, so she will not deliver her sincerity, but only regards the office leader as the "owner" and Hao Jia.

It is not easy for Chen Xiaoyun to play "green tea" Hao Jia in "Qing Qing Daily", and Hao Jia doesn’t make people feel disgusted. Chen Xiaoyun’s face value is high, and she is also suitable for playing such a woman with full inner drama. Chen Xiaoyun’s performance in "Qing Qing Daily" has also been recognized by the audience.

Zixin Wei plays Su Shen.

The emotional drama of Yin Zheng and Li Wei in Qing Qing Daily is very impressive, and Su Shen, the housekeeper, contributed greatly to the couple’s further affection. "This family can’t live without Su Shen", and many netizens who follow the drama say that Su Shen will assist the feelings of the hero and heroine at a critical moment. "Why don’t you understand? I’m really anxious." See Li Wei don’t understand Yin Zheng’s feelings, Su Shen is really worried.

Su Shen is played by actor Zixin Wei in Everyday for Qing Qing, and he is also a funny actor in the play. Zixin Wei’s acting skills are relatively natural, and he plays the role of Su Shen vividly, which is well received by the role circle. The popularity of the actors is also rising, especially Bai Jingting’s business with Weibo trumpet, whose head portrait is Su Shen. This wave of operation has attracted the attention of the audience to Zixin Wei.

Wang Yimiao plays Yu Zhan.

After the heroine of Qing Qing Daily came to Xinchuan, there were two maids who served her, one was a jade lamp, and the other was a jade bottle. Among them, the jade lamp attracted the attention of the audience because of its chubby appearance.

Li Wei is the kind of easy-going host, and Yuzhan and Yuping are very loyal to her. Not only that, but they are also on the front line of eating melons. They have a panoramic view of the master’s every move. Yuzhan is played by Wang Yimiao, who is mainly pleasing in appearance. Although it is difficult to play the leading role in such a figure, it is a skill to play the supporting role brilliantly.

There are many supporting roles with bright spots in "Qing Qing Daily", including the "big injustice" five young masters and her spicy wife Shangguan Jing, as well as the "twenty-four solar terms" girl of three young masters, which left a deep impression on the audience. After the broadcast of "Qing Qing Daily", the popularity was very high, and these treasure supporting roles were also one of the reasons for the drama’s brilliance.

Dream about their Olympic Games.

It is gratifying to win Olympic medals, but "focusing on participation" is the meaning of the Olympic Games. In addition to being "faster, higher and stronger", the Olympic Games also includes equality, persistence, friendship and so on. This Olympic Games, with the participation of the first refugee delegation in history, they have no national flag or national anthem, but they have conveyed the Olympic spirit, humanity and hope to the whole world.

Comprehensively strengthen labor education in colleges, universities and primary schools in the new era. The labor education class in primary and secondary schools should be no less than 1 class hour

　　　　　　 Cctv newsA few days ago, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Colleges, Universities and Primary Schools in the New Era. The "Opinions" require that labor education should be included in the whole process of personnel training, and compulsory courses of labor education should be set up in universities, primary and secondary schools.

　　　　　　 Labor education classes in primary and secondary schools shall be no less than 1 class hour per week.

　　　　　　 The "Opinions" stipulate that labor education classes in primary and secondary schools should be no less than one class hour per week; Vocational colleges carry out labor education with practical training courses as the main carrier; Ordinary colleges and universities should make it clear that labor education mainly depends on courses, of which the undergraduate stage is not less than 32 hours.

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　　　　　　 At the same time, the Opinions also make it clear that primary and secondary schools should stipulate students’ extracurricular labor hours every day. Colleges and universities set up a labor week every academic year, which can be arranged independently during the academic year or during the winter and summer vacations, focusing on collective labor. Colleges and universities can also arrange labor months to focus on the implementation of the requirements of labor weeks in each academic year. During the Labor Week, primary school students in the lower and middle grades mainly work on campus. Senior primary schools and middle schools can go to the society and participate in concentrated labor appropriately. Colleges and universities should organize students to go to the society and give priority to off-campus labor exercise.

China delegation fully carries forward the Olympic spirit and Chinese sports spirit.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Rio de Janeiro, August 20th (Reporter Lu Yuchen, Wang Yong, Zhang Han) Liu Peng, head of the China delegation to the Rio Olympic Games and director of the State Sports General Administration, said on the 20th that the China delegation fully carried forward the Olympic spirit and the Chinese sports spirit.

　　He said that in the Rio Olympic Games, China athletes won without arrogance and lost with grace, showing a positive and enterprising spirit; It embodies the sportsmanship of obeying the rules, respecting the audience, the referee and the opponent; It shows a civilized, polite, warm and friendly spirit.

　　"China Women’s Volleyball Team is not afraid of strong players and strives hard in the competition, showing superb sports skills and tenacious will quality, fully inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of China Women’s Volleyball Team of United struggle, tenacious struggle and ever-reaching heights, and perfectly interpreting the Chinese sports spirit and ‘ Faster, higher and stronger ’ The Olympic spirit has greatly inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of people of all ethnic groups in China and greatly enhanced the national self-confidence and pride of Chinese people at home and abroad, "Liu Peng said.

　　Liu Peng said that at the Rio Olympic Games, China athletes learned from athletes of sports delegations from various countries and regions with an open mind, strengthened friendly exchanges and enhanced mutual friendship. Together, they practiced the Olympic spirit of "Faster, Higher and Stronger" and the Olympic tenet of "Unity, Friendship and Progress", and jointly presented a wonderful Olympic Games to audiences all over the world, making the Olympic venue a big stage for friendly exchanges among people all over the world.

　　During the Olympic Games, the Chinese Olympic Committee and the China sports delegation also had extensive contacts with various international, national and regional sports organizations, organized and participated in many bilateral and multilateral exchange activities, introduced the development achievements of sports in China, expressed their good wishes of strengthening unity and cooperation and jointly promoting the harmonious development of the Olympic Movement, enhanced mutual understanding and friendship, and played a positive role in expanding the international influence of China sports and enhancing the integration and interaction with the international sports community.

　　"Up to now, the China sports delegation has basically completed the task of participating in the games that have ended," Liu Peng said. Rio Olympic Games is the ninth summer Olympic Games that China participated in after returning to the Olympic family, and it is also the largest Olympic Games with the largest delegation outside China. The average age of athletes is 24 years old, which is the youngest in the last three Olympic Games.

　　Liu Peng said that China’s traditional advantages such as table tennis, diving and weightlifting are still the main force for the China delegation to win the gold medal, and some potential advantages such as cycling and men’s taekwondo have made major breakthroughs.

　　Liu Peng introduced that a historic breakthrough has been made in basic sports track and field, and the number of events and people who won medals and rankings has increased significantly, creating the best results in participating in the Olympic Games. The number of events and athletes in swimming events has increased, and young athletes have undergone great trials and tests. Although some collective ball games failed to achieve better rankings, they basically played their due technical and tactical level, and young athletes have undergone valuable training. Although men’s judo and other events didn’t win the gold medal, their achievements were greatly improved.

　　In the sports delegation of China, there are 35 Olympic champions, among which 12 Beijing Olympic champions and London Olympic champions won the Rio Olympic champion, three of whom won the Olympic champion for three consecutive years (namely divers Chen Ruolin, Lin Yue and Cao Yuan), and diver Wu Minxia won five Olympic gold medals for four consecutive years.

　　Liu Peng said that it is even more gratifying that among the athletes who have won the gold medal in the current session of the China Sports Delegation, 13 are young athletes who participated in the Olympic Games for the first time. They have given full play to their best competitive ability and level, demonstrated their good spiritual will and style, and "have become a new force in competitive sports in China".

　　In summing up the problems and shortcomings, Liu Peng said that although the overall performance of the China sports delegation was basically normal, some projects made major breakthroughs, but also exposed a number of problems.

　　First, the Rio Olympic cycle has made outstanding achievements in international competitions such as the World Cup and the World Championships, which makes the cognition and judgment biased and underestimates the severe situation and difficulties faced by the Olympic Games. Second, in recent years, the Olympic Games has attracted the attention of more countries and regional governments, and the level of international competitive sports is getting higher and higher, and the competition is more intense. It is not enough for us to deeply understand the rapid development trend of world competitive sports, the new thinking and new trend of training management and the rapid improvement of the level, to make timely judgments, to exchange and learn, to innovate the training concepts and methods of some projects, and to be strict and unrealistic in management measures. Third, the rules of many events in this Olympic Games cycle have undergone major changes, which have had a profound impact on the rules of training and participation. Although we have conducted research and adaptive training in time, from the perspective of the competition process, our understanding is not thorough enough, our grasp is not in place enough, and our response is not appropriate enough. There are some mistakes in the on-the-spot command and response of some projects, some projects have fallen sharply in the competition, and some projects have failed to play their due level. Fourth, in this cycle, most events have been alternated from old to new in a large area, and the proportion of athletes who participated in the Olympic Games for the first time reached 73%. It is insufficient to train and hone young players in different events and objects. There are shortcomings in the work of persistently cultivating and inspiring the sports spirit of all athletes. As a result, some athletes have a tight mentality and too many ideas when facing the difficulties and challenges of fierce competition, and they have not fully demonstrated their high momentum and failed to give full play to their due level.

　　"We should further reflect on these issues and make a serious summary. Make great efforts to strengthen research and analysis, take practical measures, make scientific planning and layout, and strive to improve and improve, "Liu Peng said.

　　In this Olympic Games, China swimmer Chen Xinyi had a doping positive event. Liu Peng said that the China Sports Delegation and the Chinese Swimming Association attached great importance to this issue, and they have shown a firm and clear position and attitude. We will continue to adhere to the "three strictness" policy of anti-doping work and the firm attitude of "zero tolerance" for doping problems, constantly improve the working system of education, supervision, inspection and punishment for anti-doping work, and strive to eradicate the occurrence of doping problems from the aspects of improving ideological understanding and improving management system, so as to safeguard the physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests of athletes and safeguard the fair and just Olympic spirit.

　　Finally, Liu Peng said that this Olympic Games is an important stage test for the development of competitive sports in China. He will conscientiously sum up the experience and lessons of training, preparation and participation, while fully affirming the achievements, adhere to the problem-oriented, further analyze and solve the difficulties and deficiencies in the development of sports in China, and seriously learn from the advanced concepts and experiences of sports development, sports management and training and participation in other countries and regions. Further explore and grasp the development law of competitive sports, promote national fitness and Olympic counterparts, promote the coordinated development of mass sports and competitive sports, sports undertakings and sports industries, and continuously improve the health level of the broad masses of the people. We will continue to deepen sports exchanges and cooperation with all countries and regions in the world to jointly promote the development of the international Olympic movement.

　　Cai Zhenhua, deputy head of China delegation, Gao Zhidan, deputy head and secretary general of China delegation, Yang Xiaoqiang, head coach of China Boxing Team, Wu Minxia, Olympic champion of diving, and Su Bingtian, a famous sprinter, all attended the conference.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the situation and typical cases of cracking down on ＂black broadcasting＂ and ＂pseudo base stations＂ in April this year

　　Cctv newsAccording to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in April, 2023, radio management agencies at all levels deepened the coordination of departments, optimized technical support means, and constantly intensified the investigation and punishment of illegal and criminal acts of "black broadcasting" and "pseudo base stations", and always maintained a high-pressure situation, effectively ensuring the safety of special frequencies for aviation and railways.

　　In terms of cracking down on "black broadcasting", in April 2023, radio management agencies at all levels started 1,893 trips of radio monitoring vehicles and 4,672 sets of monitoring and positioning equipment, dispatched 4,773 monitoring personnel for 195,861 hours, investigated and dealt with 60 illegal and criminal cases of "black broadcasting" and seized 66 sets of "black broadcasting" equipment, which effectively shocked the arrogance of the criminals. In terms of cracking down on "pseudo base stations", a total of 1,247 radio monitoring vehicles and 3,176 monitoring and positioning equipment were activated, and 2,967 monitoring personnel were dispatched for 95,201 hours. No illegal activities of "pseudo base stations" were found.

　　Typical case 1: Jiangsu radio management agencies quickly investigated and dealt with two cases of "black broadcasting"

　　On the evening of April 3, the radio management department of Changzhou received a report from the masses that it had heard illegal advertisements in Liyang, Changzhou. After receiving the report, the monitoring personnel immediately carried out monitoring and investigation, and locked the illegal signal position near a park in liyang city. Due to the steep terrain and strong concealment, law enforcement officers walked into the mountains to find out, and finally found the "black broadcasting" equipment around the forestry relay station on the top of the mountain. The case has been handed over to the local police station and the Cultural Tourism Bureau for follow-up treatment.

　　On April 14th, Yancheng Radio Monitoring Station found that there was an unknown signal playing illegal advertisements in the area where Xiangshui County was located. After monitoring and comparison, it belonged to "black broadcasting" signal. After direction finding and positioning, the "black broadcasting" equipment was seized on the roof of a residential area in Xiangshui County, and law enforcement officers took photos on the spot and dismantled it.

　　Typical case 2: A case of "black broadcasting" was cracked by Shandong radio management agency.

　　On April 3rd, the radio management organization of Shandong Province found a "black broadcast" in the urban area of Wulian County during the daily monitoring, which circulated the drug advertisements. After monitoring and positioning, the "black broadcasting" equipment was positioned in the mountains near a village, and the staff walked into the mountains against the wind and in the rain. Because the monitoring equipment carried has no waterproof function, and the site does not have the conditions to accurately locate the signal source, the staff will continue to touch the row with experience. Finally, the "black broadcast" equipment was found outside a 40-meter-high tower platform. Considering the safety factors such as bad weather and power line treatment, the staff took power-off measures for the "black broadcast" and required the tower company to dismantle the equipment and antenna according to law.

　　Typical case 3: Tianjin radio management agency cracked a case of "black broadcasting"

　　On April 14th, Tianjin Radio Management Agency received a suspected "black broadcast" signal reported by the masses, and the staff confirmed it as a "black broadcast" signal after monitoring and comparison. After monitoring and positioning, the "black broadcast" equipment was finally seized on the roof of a residential area in Binhai New Area. Tianjin Radio Management Agency immediately organized law enforcement officers to take photos on the spot and then dismantled it, and handed over relevant clues to the public security department.

　　Typical case 4: Shaanxi radio management agency cracked two cases of "black broadcasting"

　　On April 19th, Shaanxi Radio Management Agency found and determined the "black broadcast" signal with the frequency of 92.8MHz in the special campaign to crack down on the illegal crimes of "black broadcast" and "pseudo base station". After monitoring and positioning, it is locked that the signal comes from the southwest of Xi ‘an. Shaanxi Radio Management Agency quickly dispatched staff to carry out follow-up investigation, and finally seized the "black broadcasting" equipment in the deep forest of Qinling Mountains. After the staff took photos to collect evidence, they dismantled the equipment on the spot.

　　On April 24th, the radio management organization of Shaanxi Province monitored and found the "black broadcast" signal with the transmission frequency of 99.3MHz. After the direction finding and positioning along the way by technicians, the "black broadcast" equipment was finally seized in the radio and television transmission tower room near a village in Ancun Town, Lantian County. The law enforcement team immediately carried out relevant joint law enforcement work and dismantled it on the spot.

The latest response from CDC!

On January 14th, National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter in China and answer reporters’ questions.

Influenza is still the main respiratory disease at present.

Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, said at the meeting that since the New Year’s Day, the number of fever clinics in medical institutions nationwide has fluctuated and declined. At present, the main respiratory diseases are influenza, the infection in Covid-19 is at a low level, and the medical services are generally stable and orderly.

Mi Feng said that since the New Year’s Day holiday, the cross-border tourism between North and South has been popular. Tourists from south to north enjoy different natural environment and cultural atmosphere. There is a great difference in climate between the north and the south, so we should pay attention to the weather changes and road safety at the destination and along the way. Continue to adhere to good hygiene habits such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, ventilation frequently and keeping social distance, and identify respiratory symptoms in time and see a doctor in time.

Wang Dayan, director of the National Influenza Center of the Institute of Virology, China CDC, said that recently, the data of multi-channel monitoring system showed that after the New Year holiday, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 was still at a low level, among which the positive rate of Covid-19 in sentinel hospitals remained below 1%, and the proportion of JN.1 mutants showed an upward trend. According to experts’ judgment, due to the continuous input of JN.1 mutant, the gradual decline of domestic influenza activity and the decline of people’s immune level, the infection situation in Covid-19 may rebound this month, and JN.1 mutant will probably develop into the dominant epidemic strain in China.

Will patients who have been infected with influenza A be infected with influenza B again?

According to Wang Dayan, seasonal influenza includes subtype A H1N1, subtype A H3N2 and influenza B. The southern provinces of China have entered this influenza epidemic season since early October 2023 and the northern provinces since late October 2023. In the early stage, influenza A (H3N2) virus was the main epidemic strain. In the past five weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in northern provinces continued to rise to 57.7%, and in the past three weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in southern provinces continued to rise to 36.8%, and the proportion of influenza B virus in some provinces exceeded that of influenza A virus.

Influenza A and B viruses are distinguished by the sequence characteristics of their genes and proteins, and the seasonal influenza caused by them is difficult to distinguish in clinical symptoms. If we want to distinguish and identify influenza A virus or influenza B virus, we need to rely on pathogen typing.

In the same influenza epidemic season, there are usually different types and subtypes of influenza viruses, but the proportion is different. The immune response after getting influenza A cannot provide immune protection for influenza B. Even if you have had influenza A in this epidemic season, you may be infected with influenza B virus again. It is recommended that high-risk people be vaccinated as soon as possible.

Will respiratory diseases such as influenza A or B be repeatedly infected?

Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that winter is the season with frequent respiratory diseases, including influenza (influenza A, influenza B), Covid-19, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and mycoplasma, etc. The immunity established by these pathogens after infection is not lasting and can be repeatedly infected, and the pathogens have no cross-protective immunity and can be infected simultaneously or alternately.

Repeated infection in a short time, because the immunity established by infection still exists, the condition is often milder; When different pathogens are infected at the same time, the disease may worsen, the respiratory immune barrier will be damaged after infection, and the risk of bacterial infection will increase, especially for the elderly, children and patients with basic diseases.

It is suggested that the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection should be differentiated and diagnosed in time, and antigen or nucleic acid detection should be carried out. After the diagnosis is confirmed, targeted treatment can be carried out-

The flu can be treated with anti-influenza drugs such as oseltamivir or mabaloxavir; The elderly, children and patients with basic diseases should use anti-influenza drugs at an early stage.

If Covid-19 is infected, early application of anti-COVID-19 drugs can relieve symptoms, shorten the course of disease, reduce the risk of severe illness and hospitalization, and reduce the risk of further transmission.

How will respiratory diseases affect the cardiovascular system?

According to experts, whether it is bacterial, viral or mycoplasma infection, it may affect the cardiovascular system, especially the elderly, which needs attention.

The most common is myocardial involvement, which leads to myocarditis; Arrhythmias, such as premature beats and atrial fibrillation. For patients with existing cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, etc.), the disease may recur or worsen.

We should improve our ability of identification and prevention-

Once respiratory infection occurs, you should pay attention to rest and active treatment.

After the symptoms such as fever and runny nose have improved after the treatment of respiratory infection, chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain and even edema of lower limbs should be seen as soon as possible, and ECG, echocardiography, dynamic ECG, myocardial enzymes and heart failure indicators should be checked to determine whether cardiovascular diseases are involved.

Original title: "The latest response from China CDC! 》

Read the original text

The institutional reform plan of 31 provinces was approved：＂characteristic departments＂ were set up in many places.

52 vision china

　　China Economic Weekly reporter Wang Hongru | Beijing Report

　　Editor: Cao Xu

　　(This article was published in China Economic Weekly, No.49, 2018)

　　With the recent approval of the Shanghai Institutional Reform Plan, the provincial institutional reform plans of 31 provinces have all been approved by the central authorities.

　　According to the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in March 2018, "the plan for the reform of provincial party and government institutions should be submitted to the CPC Central Committee for approval before the end of September 2018, and the institutional adjustment should be basically in place before the end of 2018. The reform of party and government institutions below the provincial level shall be under the unified leadership of provincial party committees and reported to the Party Central Committee for the record before the end of 2018. All local institutional reform tasks will be basically completed by the end of March 2019. "

　　As an important part of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, the reform of local institutions is being fully implemented in accordance with the "planning map", "construction drawing" and "timetable" determined by the CPC Central Committee.

　　"Optimize synergy and high efficiency" instead of "streamline unified efficiency"

　　The first province to receive the approval from the central government was Hainan. On September 13th this year, the Central Office and the State Council issued the "Hainan Province Institutional Reform Plan".

　　After the reform, there are 55 party and government organizations in Hainan Province, including 18 provincial party committees and 37 government organizations. It is generally consistent with the establishment of the central party and government institutions and reflects the characteristics of Hainan. For example, the establishment of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Planning and the Provincial Forestry Bureau will bring land and marine natural resources into a unified management system; Re-establish the provincial ecological environment department and establish a large environmental protection management system; Integrate the functions of tourism, culture and sports, and set up a provincial tourism and culture radio, film and television sports hall to serve the development of tourism in the whole region.

　　On October 15th, the Anhui Provincial Institutional Reform Plan was approved. After the reform, Anhui Province set up 60 party and government organizations. Among them, there are 17 provincial party committees and 43 provincial government agencies. In an interview with China Economic Weekly, Professor Yuan Weihai, vice president of Anhui Administration College, said that 29 units were merged and five new units were re-established. According to the principle of optimization, synergy and high efficiency, under the premise of ensuring that the total number of institutions can not be broken, according to the adjustment of functions and institutions, we will make overall plans for resource allocation.

　　Optimizing synergy and high efficiency is an important principle in this institutional reform. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") points out that the principle of "optimization, coordination and high efficiency" should be adhered to in deepening the reform of Party and State institutions.

　　In the past, the decision-making level has always emphasized the principle of "streamlining and unifying efficiency" for institutional reform.

　　"Different from previous institutional reforms, this institutional reform pays more attention to systematicness, integrity and synergy, emphasizing strengthening the overall leadership of the party as the guide, focusing on optimizing synergy and efficiency, and coordinating the reform of the party, government and military groups." Shen Ronghua, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Society of Administrative Management, told the reporter of China Economic Weekly, "Optimization is scientific and reasonable, with consistent powers and responsibilities, coordination is unified and divided, and efficiency is to perform duties in place and smooth processes."

　　In Yuan Weihai’s view, optimizing synergy and efficiency also means that there will be no cliff-like downsizing in institutional reform, and every civil servant will have a post after the reform. "Before the end of this year, the reform of Anhui provincial institutions should be basically put in place. At present, the overall opinions on institutional reform in cities and counties have been reviewed at the meeting of the Leading Group for Promoting Institutional Reform of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee and are being reported to the central government for the record according to procedures. "

　　Provincial institutions limit management, the total number of provinces does not exceed 60.

　　The reporter found out that many provinces have set up "optional actions" according to local conditions in the reform, and the number of institutions is not the same.

　　Comparing the number of party and government organizations in various provinces after the reform, Hainan and Ningxia have the least, with 55; Among the municipalities directly under the Central Government, there are 65 in Beijing, 64 in Chongqing and Tianjin and 63 in Shanghai. The total number of party and government organizations in Shandong, Hunan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Anhui and other provinces is 60.

　　Judging from the reform, at present, the number of institutions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council is about 90, and the number of provincial party committees and government institutions is about 60, and the number of institutions decreases further down. Shen Ronghua, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Society of Administrative Management, believes that the reason why the number of central party and government institutions is more than that of local governments is mainly because the central government should exercise comprehensive leadership and management over the various undertakings of the party and the state. According to the management law, there must be more institutions at the central level. "For example, there are national defense, diplomacy, customs, maritime affairs, finance and other institutions at the central level, and places are usually not established; For another example, in the cultural field, in some places, institutions such as culture, tourism, sports, radio and television, press and publication are integrated into one institution, while at the central level, these institutions are separated. "

　　Take 55 provincial party and government organizations in Hainan Province as an example, of which 43 correspond to the relevant departments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. In addition, there is a "one-to-many" provincial-level large-scale institution in Hainan Province. For example, Hainan Province has integrated the management of culture, sports, radio and television of the Provincial Tourism Development Committee and the Provincial Department of Culture, Radio, Film and Television Publishing and Sports, and established the Provincial Department of Tourism and Culture, Radio, Film and Television Sports, corresponding to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and the State Sports General Administration.

　　Song Shiming, a professor at the Central Party School (National School of Administration), said that the purpose of this adjustment is to ensure that the upper and lower levels are in line with each other, that government decrees are implemented, and that the market and the legal system are unified. Both "one-on-one" and "one-on-many" large-scale system can be allowed in local areas, and finally optimization, coordination, intensive and efficient can be achieved.

　　Many provinces and cities set up "characteristic departments" according to local conditions.

　　It is worth mentioning that Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shandong, Chongqing, Guangdong and other provinces have set their sights on "big data" in order to actively adapt to the development of digital information technology and promote "e-government in internet plus".

　　For example, Fujian Province has set up the Digital Fujian Construction Leading Group Office (Provincial Big Data Administration); Anhui Province established the Data Resources Administration Bureau; Shandong Province established the Provincial Big Data Bureau; Chongqing established the Municipal Big Data Application and Development Administration; Guangdong and other provinces set up big data bureaus within the Provincial Economic and Information Committee; Zhejiang Province established the Provincial Big Data Development Administration.

　　"The establishment of some new institutions such as the Big Data Bureau means that many provinces have begun to attach great importance to the big data strategy and smart city strategy, and localities have begun to transform into smart cities and smart provinces." Shen Ronghua told China Economic Weekly that the establishment of the Big Data Administration will be a powerful starting point for the construction of smart cities.

　　In addition to the "big data" highlights, the reporter found out that some provinces have also set up some departments that are in line with regional reality and reflect regional characteristics according to their respective characteristics.

　　For example, Shandong Province has set up the Marine Development Committee to build a strategic location for high-quality marine development; Hainan Province set up the office of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Provincial Party Committee, and hung the brand of the office of the Working Committee of the Free Trade Zone (Free Trade Port) of the Provincial Party Committee; Guangdong has set up a provincial leading group to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　Liaoning Province has set up the Provincial Business Environment Construction Bureau, the integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee Office of the Provincial Party Committee and other institutions that are quite "appropriate". Chen Qiufa, secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, pointed out that the establishment of business environment institutions should be optimized and the level of business environment construction should be accelerated. Highlight the characteristics of the province, give full play to the advantages of Liaoning as a major military province, and explore new ways for the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

　　The general view of the outside world is that revitalizing the Northeast and accelerating the improvement of the business environment is a major starting point. Sun Qingguo, member of the Party Committee of Liaoning Administration College and director of the public administration teaching and research department, said in an interview with China Economic Weekly, "At present, there are shortcomings in the business environment in Liaoning. This institutional reform, Liaoning Province regards the Business Environment Construction Bureau as the direct bureau of the provincial government, which is the only one in the country."

　　The establishment of the office of the integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee of the Provincial Party Committee is also a major feature of Liaoning. Sun Qingguo said that Liaoning Province, as a big military industry province, still has a certain gap in integration of defense and civilian technologies. Integration of defense and civilian technologies is an important platform and carrier for Liaoning to accelerate its overall revitalization. "The purpose of setting up the office of the integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee of the Provincial Party Committee in a timely manner is to give full play to the advantages of a large military province and explore new ways for the in-depth development of integration of defense and civilian technologies."

　　In Shen Ronghua’s view, different provinces not only highlight the characteristics of their respective responsibilities due to different management levels, but also have differences in economic and social development level, industrial structure, geographical population, ethnic structure, etc., all of which determine that institutional setup and functional allocation should proceed from reality and adapt to local conditions.

　　Many provinces and institutions are downsizing and no longer undertake administrative functions.

　　In addition to party and government organizations, institutions that undertake administrative functions are also among the reforms.

　　The reporter of China Economic Weekly found that in terms of institutional setup, many provinces no longer retain or newly set up institutions that undertake administrative functions, and institutions have also ushered in new changes.

　　For example, the "Shandong Province Institutional Reform Plan" proposes that in the future, institutions will no longer undertake administrative functions except administrative law enforcement agencies; Deepen the reform of public welfare institutions, integrate institutions with similar responsibilities and tasks, and improve their service and technical support capabilities; Promote the separation of enterprises and enterprises.

　　The "Hainan Provincial Institutional Reform Plan" also puts forward new requirements for the reform of affiliated institutions, comprehensively cleans up the administrative functions undertaken by provincial institutions and assigns administrative functions to competent departments or administrative institutions with similar functions; Non-transfer institutions that can transfer their functions really need to be strictly controlled by the internal organs of the administrative department; In principle, other types of institutions only carry out necessary transfer, renaming and integration.

　　The "Institutional Reform Plan of Liaoning Province" proposes to comprehensively clean up the administrative functions undertaken by public institutions, assign administrative functions to relevant departments, and adjust the original institutions to public service institutions, and optimize and integrate with relevant institutions.

　　Sun Qingguo told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that the reform of public institutions in Liaoning Province, based on the principles of separating government affairs, enterprises and management, has consolidated the original 650 public institutions into 65, and cut down 90%. Not only provincial institutions, but also cities and counties are also integrated according to this ratio.

　　After the substantial integration, how to arrange personnel is a problem. Sun Qingguo told the reporter of China Economic Weekly about the measures taken by Liaoning Province. There were 60 people in the civil air defense office of a city, but only 12 people were left in the administrative department after the reform of public institutions. 48 people have left, how can these 12 people guarantee to run?

　　"Due to the consideration of institutional reform and the transformation of government functions, cities, counties and township organs have not recruited civil servants on a large scale in recent years, and cities, counties and township organs have vacated some establishments. They take out 60% to 80% (80% in cities and counties, 60% in towns and villages) of administrative vacancies, and recruit civil servants from qualified personnel in public institutions, and let them become civil servants through examinations. Not only solved ‘ There is nothing to do, and some people have nothing to do ’ The problem has also solved the problem that the reform in some organs has affected the empty editing and functional operation. " Sun Qingguo said that these people have to go through interviews, physical examinations and publicity after the written examination.

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