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In order to make the coal market return to rationality as soon as possible, the National Development and Reform Commission conducted a special investigation on coal price and cost.

CCTV News:In order to further strengthen the joint supervision of the spot market in the coal period, reduce the excessive coal price to a reasonable level as soon as possible, and make the coal market return to rationality, recently, the price department of the National Development and Reform Commission, on the basis of organizing local cost surveys of coal production and circulation enterprises, together with the price cost survey center, formed a number of investigation teams to conduct on-the-spot investigations on key coal production enterprises and circulation enterprises in relevant provinces, providing a basis for determining the reasonable range of coal prices and stopping coal enterprises from profiteering.

The investigation team will conduct a comprehensive investigation on the production cost, profit, output, inventory and price of coal production enterprises according to law, and conduct in-depth verification on the purchase and sale price, circulation cost, profit and inventory of circulation enterprises. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, will severely crack down on illegal acts found in the investigation, such as price gouging, hoarding, colluding to manipulate market prices, fabricating and spreading price increase information, etc.

Central Meteorological Observatory: There will be heavy snowstorms in Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing and Hubei.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that there will be a rain and snow weather process in southwest China, Jiangnan and South China from the night of December 26 to 29, and there will be heavy snowstorms in Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing, Hubei and Tibet. The main snowfall period in this process is from the night of the 27th to the 28th, of which the night of the 27th is the strongest snowfall period. Please pay attention to the latest forecast and early warning information released by the meteorological department in the above areas, and do a good job in cold protection and travel planning.

  During the process, there were small to medium snow or sleet in southeastern Tibet, northern Yunnan, western Sichuan Plateau, southeastern Chongqing, Guizhou, western and northern Hunan, western Hubei, southern Anhui, northwestern Zhejiang and other places, and heavy snowstorms occurred in central and eastern Guizhou, western Hunan, southeastern Chongqing, southwestern Hubei, southeastern Tibet and other places, with accumulated snowfall of 8-12mm and local snowfall of 15-18mm. The newly added snow depth in Guizhou, western Hunan, southeastern Chongqing, southwestern Hubei and southeastern Tibet is 4-10 cm, and the local area in eastern Guizhou, western Hunan and southeastern Tibet can reach 12-16 cm.

  In addition, there is freezing rain in western Guizhou. There are light rains in Sichuan Basin, south-central Yunnan, southern Hunan, most of Jiangxi, most of Zhejiang, northern Fujian, Guangxi, northern Guangdong and other places, with local moderate rain.

  In addition, from December 31 to January 2, 2023, a new cold air will affect the central and eastern regions of China. During this period, the temperature in most areas will drop by 4 ~ 6 C, and the local drop can reach about 8 C. The area north of the Yangtze River is accompanied by northerly winds of 4 ~ 5. There will be light snow or sleet in the southeast of northwest China, Huanghuai, northern Jianghuai, Jianghan, western Hunan and northern Guizhou, and light rain in southern Jianghuai, northern Jiangnan and eastern Sichuan.

  Meteorologists reminded that there will be rain and snow in Tibet, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places, and there will be freezing rain in western Guizhou. The public should make travel plans in advance and pay attention to traffic safety; Add clothes in time to keep warm, and beware of the adverse effects of continuous low temperature weather on human health.

Basic chapter of agricultural technology

Crops’ girlfriends and close friends

1. Corn and soybean are close friends. Corn likes to eat nitrogen fertilizer, and soybeans produce nitrogen fertilizer through nodules. Except for a small part of it, most of it is selflessly supplied to corn, and corn can secrete higher carbohydrates to provide nutrition for rhizobia needed by soybeans.

2, vegetable farmers grow a single kind of vegetables, often pests occur more seriously, if you can plant some irritating vegetables such as garlic, onion, leek, pepper, then pests are not willing to approach. Onion is adjacent to wheat or pea, and the secretion of onion will kill the spores of wheat smut or the black spot of pea in a few seconds. Onions, like green doctors, can protect their neighbors and make them harvest well.

3. Garlic and cotton are planted together. Garlic emits a fungicide, which can drive aphids out of the country. Other pests will smell this gas and run away.

4. Planting a few castor trees beside the soybean field can make the scarab escape.

5. Plant a tall sorghum at a distance of 1.5-2 meters on both sides of the cotton border ditch, so that sorghum aphids can attract aphid-eating natural enemies such as aphid bees, spiders, ladybugs and syrphids to control cotton aphids, feed on the eggs and young larvae of cotton bollworm, and intercrop 200-300 sorghum or corn every 700 square meters, which will not affect cotton production, but also prevent cotton from lodging caused by wind and rain.

6. Intercropping potato with barley can make barley get high yield. This is not only because they need different nutrients and can make full use of soil fertility, but also because the leaves of potatoes secrete a substance that can promote the vigorous growth of barley like growth hormone.

7. Intercropping 300-400 lettuce and mint evenly per mu in cruciferous vegetable fields such as Chinese cabbage. Because lettuce and mint contain alkaloids, volatile oil or other chemicals, the cabbage butterfly that harms cruciferous vegetables will be avoided under the stimulation of the odor emitted by lettuce and mint.

8. Planting green manure, beans and peanuts in the orchard can not only enrich the soil, control weeds, but also promote the growth and fruiting of fruit trees.

9. Planting wheat under jujube trees can basically not shade wheat, and can also reduce the threat of dry and hot wind before wheat matures. At the same time, the fertilizer and water of wheat are also beneficial to the growth of jujube trees.

10. If nematodes are seriously harmful in the orchard, you can plant longevity grass or asparagus in the garden, so that the underground fruit tree nematodes will not conceive and reproduce.

11. Plant some Trollius chinensis beside pear trees and apple trees. Because these roots can absorb the secretion of Trollius chinensis roots, the occurrence of pests and diseases is also light.

12. Cherry and apple are born together. If they are planted together, each can emit a volatile gas, which absorbs each other and promotes growth and development. The fruit is especially sweet.

13. Robinia pseudoacacia and poplar are "friends", Robinia pseudoacacia is a shallow-rooted tree species, and poplar is a deep-rooted tree species, which do not compete for water and fertilizer, and rhizobia of Robinia pseudoacacia can supply nitrogen fixation to poplar and promote its growth.

14. If cucumbers and beans are planted together, they will be full of vitality and the output will increase greatly.

15. Intercropping corn with Chinese cabbage can reduce many diseases of Chinese cabbage. Intercropping corn with Chinese cabbage can reduce virus disease of Chinese cabbage by more than 20%, white spot disease by 18%, and the occurrence of soft rot and downy mildew of Chinese cabbage is obviously reduced because the field temperature is 0.5℃ lower than that of single cropping field and the ground temperature is 2℃ lower.

16. Intercropping corn with hot (green) pepper can reduce the disease of hot (green) pepper. Because of the shading effect of corn, pepper sunburn and virus disease are reduced by 72% compared with single cropping field; Intercropping corn and green pepper can reduce the virus disease of green pepper by 56.9%.

17. Mixed planting of corn and peas will benefit each other and both will increase production.

18. Intercropping potato with garlic can inhibit the occurrence of potato late blight.

19. Intercropping cucumber with corn can reduce the outbreak of cucumber virus disease. Planting cucumber in maize rows can reduce cucumber mosaic by 61.6%.

20. Intercropping ginger and bitter gourd in greenhouse can advance the time for ginger to go on the market. Ginger is not resistant to high temperature and strong light, and grows well in the shade. Planting ginger in greenhouse and planting bitter gourd on both sides can make both bitter gourd and ginger harvest well.

21. Planting Chinese cabbage, celery and amaranth under the cucumber shed can get a bumper harvest.

22, eggplant intercropping green onions and leeks to control ants.

23. Intercropping pepper and cucumber in greenhouse can effectively control pepper anthracnose and cucumber downy mildew.

24. Intercropping cruciferous vegetables such as Chinese cabbage with lettuce to repel Pieris rapae.

25. Intercropping Chinese chives with Chinese cabbages to control soft rot of Chinese cabbages.

26, tomato and cabbage intercropping to repel cabbage pests.

27. Planting calendula with Chinese rose can effectively control soil nematodes and make Chinese rose grow sturdily.

28, grapes and violets are planted together, and the grapes produced are more fragrant.

29. Intercropping peony and Paeonia lactiflora can obviously promote the growth of peony, making peony flourish and colorful.

30. Red rosewood and maple, elderberry and spruce, walnut and hawthorn, chestnut and Chinese pine can promote each other.

31. Lily and rose can be planted or put together in bottles, which can prolong the flowering period.

32. When camellia, camellia, camellia safflower and camellia seed are put together, mold can be obviously reduced.

33, Zhu Dinghong and cordate telosma, camellia red onion, pomegranate and sunflower, Ze hydrangea and rose, a bunch of red and pea flowers together, both sides are beneficial. Pine, poplar and Caragana together, all have good effects.

34. If the nasturtium lappa L. with a flowering period of only one day is put together with cypress trees, the flowering period can be extended to three days.

35. Camellia, camellia, safflower oil tea, etc., placed together with Litsea cubeba, can significantly reduce mildew.

Onions and carrots are good friends, and their smells can repel pests from each other.

opponents bearing grudges/enmity

1. The secretion of Robinia pseudoacacia and Lilac can inhibit the growth of nearby flowers and trees, and Lilac and Violet cannot be mixed.

2. The leaves and roots of walnut can secrete a substance, which has inhibitory effect on flowers and trees of Rosa such as begonia and various herbaceous flowers.

3. It is not suitable to plant fir trees around peach trees.

4. Grapes should not be intercropped with Ulmus pumila.

5. Elm cannot be intercropped with oak and birch.

6. Pine trees and spruce cannot be interplanted.

7. The secretion of Sambucus williamsii root system inhibits the growth of pine and poplar.

8, all kinds of flowers planted next to fruit trees, will accelerate the flower withering.

9. Narcissus and lily of the valley can’t be neighbors. When they grow together, they will "mutually perish together".

10. Cloves planted next to lily of the valley will wither immediately.

11. The scent of cloves will also endanger the life of daffodils.

12. Keeping lilacs, violets, tulips and forget-me-not together will hurt each other.

13, mint, rose and other flowers that can secrete aromatic substances have a certain inhibitory effect on the ecology of neighboring flowers.

14, juniper and pear, begonia don’t plant together, lest the latter suffer from rust, leading to deciduous fruit.

15, roses and mignonette together, the former crowd out the latter, so that a total of withering; And luteolin will release a chemical substance before and after withering, which will poison the rose and kill it.

16, mature apples, bananas, etc., if put together with the blooming roses, Chinese rose, daffodils, etc., the ethylene released by the former will make the potted flowers wither early, thus shortening the viewing period.

17. The leaves, skins and roots of oleander secrete phlogiston and juglone, which will harm other flowers.

18, hydrangea and jasmine, dahlia and rose, daffodils and lily of the valley, roses and cloves planted together, will make both sides or one of them suffer. Pine trees can’t coexist with elderberry, which can not only strongly inhibit the growth of pine trees, but also prevent the pine nuts under the adjacent elderberry from sprouting, and it can’t crowd out the growth of Populus davidiana. Pine trees are antagonistic to ash machinery, spruce, oak and birch, and as a result, pine trees wither. Cypress and citrus reticulata are not easy to grow.

19. Clove, mint and laurel can secrete a lot of aromatic substances, which have an inhibitory effect on the ecology of adjacent plants. It is best not to put them together with other potted flowers for a long time; The volatile oil of juniper contains ether and trichlorotetraalkyl, which will slow down the respiration of other flowers and plants and stop their growth, showing a poisoning phenomenon.

20. Cabbage and mustard are a pair of "enemies". If they get along, they will "both lose".

21. The chemical substances secreted by hemp, mustard and flax have obvious inhibitory effects on wheat.

22. Sunflowers, tomatoes, apples and pumpkins will promote the occurrence of potato late blight.

23. If cypress trees are planted next to the grapes, the grapes will be difficult to mature.

24. Mustard and castor are planted together. Although castor is taller and stronger than mustard, it has an advantage in competing for sunlight, air and water. However, a large number of leaves at the lower part of castor always die because the secretion of mustard is harmful to the growth of castor.

25. The weeds of sonchus oleraceus have grown in the field, and the crops around them, even the tall crops such as corn and sorghum, will be yellow. This is because the roots of sonchus oleraceus will secrete a narcotic toxin, which can inhibit the killing of this crop.

26. The influence of this close relationship between crops is not only manifested in the common growth period of the same year, but also leaves sequela, which continues to harm the next crop. Buckwheat is like this to corn. When corn is planted in the field where buckwheat has been planted, although there is sufficient fertilizer and water and proper management, the corn will never grow well, that is, it will not yield high.

Tips

What is the reason for this close relationship between crops? It turns out that many crops secrete some gas or juice in their bodies. Such as various volatile oils, organic acids, alkaloids, etc. Some of these secretions are released from leaves, stems and flowers, and some are released from roots. The secretions of one crop may promote the growth of another crop, and some indirectly affect other crops through the activities of various microorganisms and pests. These phenomena tell us that planting must be arranged scientifically according to the wonderful relationship of crops, and only in this way can we obtain higher yield.

Mixing of pesticides

For some pesticide varieties, reasonable mixing can improve the control effect, reduce the dosage and reduce the labor cost. Today, I will introduce 22 pesticide mixing prescriptions for the reference of farmers.

1. The mixture of captan and Bacillus subtilis can obviously prevent and control the continuous cropping diseases of crops;

2. The mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and wax buds can prevent and control the blight and blight of melon crops;

3. The mixed application of fluorosilicone and organic copper can accelerate the healing speed of melon blight;

4, pyrazolyl azoxystrobin and thifluzamide are mixed to prolong the efficacy period of citrus sand skin disease;

5. Hydramycin mixed with hymexazol or metsulfuron or hymexazol can prevent and control many root diseases of crops;

6. The conventional agents for controlling downy mildew and epidemic diseases can be mixed with organic copper preparations, which can improve the drug effect by more than 50%;

7. Organic copper preparation mixed with benzprochloraz and iodine solution can effectively control cucumber target spot disease;

8. The mixture of prochloraz and iprodione has a remarkable effect on controlling leaf spot and anthracnose of leafy vegetables.

9. The mixture of avermectin and 44% propionyl chloride can effectively control rice borers;

10. The mixture of emamectin benzoate and tebufenozide can prolong the control efficacy of noctuid pests;

11. The mixture of emamectin benzoate and chlorfenuron can effectively control rice leaf roller and fruit tree moth;

12. The mixture of spirodiclofen and abamectin has a good effect on controlling pear psylla.

13. The mixture of abamectin and spirotetramat has a remarkable effect on controlling whitefly, aphid and thrips.

14. The mixture of emamectin benzoate and chlorfenapyr has the function of killing both insects and mites;

15. The mixture of snail ethyl ester and buprofezin or chlorpyrifos is safe and efficient to control scale insects;

16, the mixture of monosultap and chlorpyrifos can greatly improve the control efficacy of ginger borer;

17. Mixed pyridaben and thiamethoxam to control jumping beetles;

18. The mixture of abamectin and diflubenzuron can control leaf miner pests;

19. The mixture of thiamethoxam and bifenthrin can control ground maggots and leek maggots.

20. The mixture of abamectin and pyridaben or triazole and bifenthrin can control red spider and white spider in fruit trees;

21. The mixture of chlorantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos can effectively control Noctuidae;

22. The mixture of oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin has a remarkable effect in killing young grass, preventing and controlling broadleaf and grasses.

Basic knowledge of seed industry

1. What is thoroughbred breeding?

Breeding of improved varieties and breeding are two different and inseparable stages of breeding. Breeding belongs to innovation, while breeding of improved varieties belongs to expansion, consolidation and improvement. There are three conditions for breeding improved varieties: first, Excellence (superiority and excellent traits); The second is uniformity (the characters are neat and consistent); The third is transitivity (Excellence and uniformity should be passed on to future generations).

2. What is the task of improved seed breeding?

There are three main tasks of improved variety breeding: first, variety replacement, that is, replacing old varieties with new varieties that have performed well in regional tests; The second is variety renewal, that is, replacing the same variety that has been degraded in production with the original seed that has been purified and rejuvenated; Third, improved seed breeding units should earnestly do a good job in improved seed breeding, selective processing, packaging and storage, and brand sales to ensure the purity and quality of improved seeds.

3. What is the significance of improved seed breeding?

Only when an excellent variety is planted in a large area, can it give full play to its excellent species and truly achieve "more harvest without increasing labor and fertilizer", which is meaningful for developing agriculture and increasing farmers’ income.

When a new superior variety is popularized, the seed quantity is very small at the beginning, but the seed demand of the seed user is often large, and the contradiction between supply and demand is inevitable. The effective way to solve this contradiction is to speed up the breeding of improved varieties, and do a good job in removing impurities, removing inferiority and purifying and rejuvenating in the process of breeding, so as to increase agricultural production and farmers’ income.

4. What is a variety?

Variety is an important means of production for sowing in agricultural production. It is formed in the long-term cultivation process of human beings and is a group that adapts to certain environmental conditions and cultivation technical conditions.

Generally speaking, varieties are divided into conventional varieties and hybrids, such as wheat 8901 and Jimai 37. Maize Zhengdan 958 and Xingkang No.2 are hybrids.

5. What is an excellent variety?

Different varieties of the same crop species, after more than two years of regular regional trials and regional demonstrations in the local area, the planting performance is obviously better than other varieties. The so-called excellent varieties should meet five conditions: (1) wide adaptability; (2) Strong resistance; (3) Good precocity; (4) high and stable yield; (5) Excellent quality.

6. What is the original seed?

To sum up: the best seed of a certain variety. Include two meanings: (1) newly cultivate seeds with stable characters; (2) Popularize the fine seeds that have been purified and rejuvenated and kept the typical characters of the original varieties.

7. What is a hybrid generation?

The so-called hybrid seed is to use two different types or different parents of the same type as parents to cross, and the first generation of seeds obtained is called hybrid generation, which has strong heterosis, manifested in high yield, strong stress resistance, lodging resistance, pests and diseases resistance and wide adaptability. This is called "heterosis" because it has stronger growth potential and better productivity and resilience than its parents.

8. What can’t the second generation of hybrid be used for planting?

The reason for the heterosis of the first hybrid generation is that they come from two parents with different genetic genes and form a double hereditary zygote through fertilization, which can make the first hybrid generation show strong heterosis.

The second generation of hybrid will produce segregation phenomenon, and the yield will drop significantly, generally by 20 ~ 30%, and some hybrids will reduce the yield even more. Therefore, it cannot be used as seed in field production.

9. What is the hybrid degeneration of varieties?

In the process of planting, excellent varieties will be mixed and degraded due to sowing, harvesting, drying and storage, which makes them unable to play a lasting role in increasing production of improved varieties. "Miscellaneous" refers to mixing with other varieties, resulting in impurity. "Degeneration" means that due to various reasons, the variety itself mutates, the good seeds deteriorate, the yield decreases and the cultivation value is lost.

10. What are the reasons for the mixed degradation of varieties? It comes down to three kinds;

(1) mechanical mixing. It is mainly caused by the unclean cleaning of utensils and places during sowing, harvesting, threshing, transportation, drying and storage, and the careless mixing of other varieties during storage.

(2) Biological hybridity. Even for self-pollinated crops, the hybridization rate is within 4%, and there are opportunities for natural hybridization; Cross-pollinating crops is easier. The offspring of natural hybridization will be separated, and some of them will get better and some will get worse. If you don’t pay attention to selection, you will be mixed and degraded.

(3) The influence of bad cultivation conditions. Due to the change of environmental conditions, some excellent characters of improved varieties have bad variation.

Among these reasons, the main reason is mechanical hybridity. Because of mechanical hybridization, biological hybridization is easy to occur, and biological hybridization breaks the structure of the original genetic material and shakes the heredity of the original variety, so it is easy to undergo natural variation under the influence of environmental conditions.

11. How to purify and rejuvenate conventional seeds and produce simple original seeds?

There are two ways to produce original seeds or simple original seeds:

(1) The method of purifying and rejuvenating plants can be used for major crops. This method is simple, effective and can increase production significantly. The specific methods include three links: single plant selection, line comparison and hybrid breeding. The single plant was selected from the field with high purity, and the plants were compared in the first year. In the second year, select the superior and remove the inferior, then breed the original seed nursery in mixed system, plant the simple original seed field in the third year, and plant the seeds in the field after harvesting. This method is applicable to breeding units and improved seed production and sales units.

(2) Ear selection method or chip selection method. First, select panicles and keep seeds according to the amount of seeds used; The second is to do a good job in getting rid of impurities and bad things in the plots to be planted. This method is applicable to the farmers’ own seed.

12. How to keep seeds of beans?

Beans: Leguminosae plants in a broad sense are included, such as soybean, broad bean, peas, green beans, lentils and peanuts. After harvesting in Taneda, the cut or uprooted seed plants are air-dried, and the plants are left to ripen, and then the shells are removed after the busy agricultural season.

The advantage of leaving the plant for ripening is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in the seeds, and it is a safe storage method to protect the viability of the seeds. The seeds are protected by pods outside, which can buffer the moisture change of the seeds.

13, grain purification rejuvenation technology

Breeding of improved varieties and breeding are two different and inseparable stages of breeding. Breeding belongs to innovation, while breeding of improved varieties belongs to expansion, consolidation and improvement. There are three conditions for breeding improved varieties: first, Excellence (superiority and excellent traits); The second is uniformity (the characters are neat and consistent); The third is transitivity (Excellence and uniformity should be passed on to future generations).

14. What is seed inspection?

Seed inspection is also called seed identification. Seed testing is a scientific method to test the quality of seeds. In agricultural production, seed refers to seeds in a broad sense, that is, it refers to all sowing materials, including botanical seeds, such as seeds of beans, cotton and rape, and botanical fruits, such as fruits of rice, wheat, millet and millet, as well as some botanical vegetative organs, such as potato tubers, sweet potato tubers and sugarcane stems.

Seed quality includes two aspects: variety quality and sowing quality. Variety quality refers to the authenticity and purity of seeds.

Sowing quality can be summarized in several words, namely: clean, full, strong, healthy and dry.

15. What are the grading standards for seeds?

Purity, cleanliness, germination rate, moisture

16, cereal seed grading standard?

Among cereal crops, wheat and corn are mainly planted in our city. The grading standards of these two crops are:

The purity of the original wheat seed is not less than 99.9%, the purity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%;

Improved wheat varieties, the purity is not less than 99.0%, the purity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13.0%;

Maize single cross:

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the first-class corn are not less than 98.0%, 98.0%, 85% and 13.0%, respectively.

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the single cross seed of secondary corn are not less than 96.0%, 98.0%, 85% and 13.0% respectively.

17, fiber seed grading standards

Among fiber crops, cotton is mainly planted in our city, and the grading standard of cotton is as follows

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the original cotton seed are not less than 99.0%, 97.0%, 70% and 12.0% respectively.

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of fine cotton seeds are not less than 95.0%, 97.0% and 70% respectively.

The purity, purity, germination rate, and moisture content of bare-seeded cotton are not less than 99.0%, 99.0%, 80% and 12.0% respectively.

Fine cotton varieties with bare seeds have a purity of not less than 95.0%, a purity of not less than 99.0%, a germination rate of not less than 80% and a moisture content of not more than 12.0%;

18, oil seed grading standards

Among oil crops, rape and peanuts are mainly planted in our city. Rape is divided into conventional rape seeds and hybrid rape seeds.

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of conventional rapeseed seed are not less than 99.0%, 98.0%, 90% and 9.0% respectively.

Conventional rapeseed varieties have a purity of not less than 95.0%, a purity of not less than 98.0%, a germination rate of not less than 90% and a moisture content of not more than 9.0%;

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the original peanut seed are not less than 99.0%, 98.0%, 75% and 10.0% respectively.

Peanut varieties, purity not less than 96.0%, purity not less than 98.0%, germination rate not less than 75%, moisture not more than 10.0%;

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the first-class hybrid rapeseed are not less than 90.0%, 97.0%, 80% and 9.0% respectively.

The purity, purity, germination rate and moisture content of the second-grade hybrid rapeseed are not less than 83.0%, 97.0%, 80% and 9.0% respectively.

19. What is the content of variety purity inspection?

Variety purity includes two meanings: first, it refers to the authenticity of seeds, that is, whether the seeds tested are worthy of the name; Secondly, it refers to the percentage of the seeds (or plants) of this variety in the seeds (or plants) for inspection, that is, the variety purity of this batch of seeds.

Testing the purity of varieties can be divided into two parts: field testing and indoor testing. Field inspection is to check the purity of varieties in the field during the growth period of crops, and to check the infection degree of pests and weeds, as well as the growth status and lodging situation in the field. Indoor inspection refers to taking seed samples back indoors for inspection after harvesting and threshing crops. The main purpose is to understand the authenticity and variety purity of seeds.

Variety purity inspection must be closely combined with field inspection and indoor inspection, and field inspection is the main method.

20. What are the main characteristics to identify the purity of cotton varieties?

Identification of cotton variety purity should be carried out at seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage, boll opening stage and different growth stages. The identified characters are mainly plant characters, leaf characters, boll characters and cottonseed characters.

(1) Plant characteristics:

(1) Stem: the height and thickness of the stem, the presence and amount of fuzz; Stem colors are purple and green.

② Plant shape: tower shape, cylinder shape, loose or compact, etc.

③ Posture of fruit branches: parallel, inclined and drooping.

(2) Leaf characteristics:

① Cotyledons: The shape, size and color of cotyledons.

② True leaves: true leaf size, the number and depth of leaf cracks, the depth of leaf color, the degree of leaf luster, the number and length of leaf fuzz.

(3) The characteristics of the bell, including the shape, size and color of the bell.

(4) Cottonseed characteristics: including average fiber length, fiber uniformity, cottonseed shape and color; There are many kinds of short fibers.

21. What are the main characters to identify the purity of maize varieties?

Identification of the purity of maize varieties should be carried out at different growth stages, such as seedling stage, jointing stage and tasseling and spinning stage. The identified characters are mainly plant type, number of branches of male spike, anther color, glume protection color, filament color, bract color and stem color.

22. How to observe the seed purity?

In the absence of inspection instruments, observe the purity of seeds, spread some samples on the sample tray or hand, roughly calculate the number of samples first, then tilt the hand or sample tray and shake it slowly to make the seeds flow evenly downwards, and observe the amount of impurities in the hand or plate after the flow.

23. How to distinguish net seeds, other plant seeds and impurities when determining seed clarity?

Net seed: All the species that belong to the analysis can be clearly identified in the seed structure (except those that have become sclerotia, smut spore mass or linear gall). Even immature, thin, shriveled, diseased or germinated seeds are regarded as net seeds. It usually includes complete seed units and damaged seed units larger than half the original size.

Other plant seeds: any plant seed unit except net seeds, including weed seeds and exotic crop seeds.

Impurities: seed units and all other substances and structures except net seeds and other plant seeds.

24, determine the purity of the sample with how much weight is appropriate?

The number of samples to determine the purity is closely related to the size and weight of seeds. Generally, there are fewer small seeds and more large seeds. The specified sample weights of some crops in common use are as follows:

900g of corn and peas, 500g of soybeans and 450g of bitter gourd,

120g of wheat, barley and mung beans, 350g of cotton and 90g of sorghum,

250 grams of watermelon, 200 grams of sunflower and 1000 grams of peanut,

70g of cucumber, melon and cabbage, 7g of tomato and leek.

25. How to control the conditions of seed germination test?

The necessary conditions for seed germination are water, air, temperature and light.

(1) Water content and ventilation: the water content of the germination bed is determined according to the characteristics of the germination bed and seeds. For example, adding water to a sand bed is 60%-80% of its saturated water content, for example, a paper bed, after absorbing enough water, draining the excess water; If the soil is used as a germination bed, add water until the soil sticks into a ball, and then it is appropriate to crush it with a gentle finger pressure. During germination, the germination bed must always be moist, and there should be enough air around the seeds during germination, and attention should be paid to ventilation.

(2) Temperature: When the temperature is appropriate, the seed germination is normal, and too high or too low temperature is unfavorable to the seed germination. Different crops need different temperatures for seed germination. Generally, the temperature is 20-30℃ when crop seeds germinate in summer, and 20-25℃ when crop seeds germinate in winter.

(3) Illumination: The seeds of most crops can germinate under light or dark conditions, but light is generally used. If the germination is carried out under the condition of variable temperature, the illumination should be carried out at high temperature for 8 hours.

26, how to do a good job of seed germination test?

(1) Take samples. From the fully mixed net seeds, 400 seeds are randomly selected by several devices or by hand. Usually, 100 seeds are used as a repeat, and large seeds or seeds with pathogenic bacteria can be divided into 50 seeds or even 25 seeds as a repeat.

(2) Selecting a germination bed. The washed and sterilized sand grains (0.05-0.80mm) are used for large seeds, paper beds are used for small seeds, and paper beds or sand beds can be used for medium seeds.

(3) Bed culture. Evenly arrange the counted seeds on the wet germination bed, and keep a certain distance between the seeds. Label the culture apparatus, culture according to the suitable conditions of the variety, and check the temperature, moisture and ventilation frequently during germination. If there are moldy seeds, they should be taken out and washed. If there are serious moldy seeds, the germination bed should be replaced.

(3) Calculation of results. The percentage of normal seedlings grown within the specified time and conditions to the number of seeds tested is expressed.

27, how to do cloth roll or towel roll germination test?

Cloth roll and towel roll are a simple germination method without germinator.

(1) Boil the gauze or towel for disinfection first, then drain the excess water and spread it flat.

(2) Take 400 samples from the fully mixed net seeds.

(3) When the gauze or towel is spread to dry until it is not hot, arrange the seeds on half a towel, with the grain spacing of 2-3 cm, leaving 3-4 cm on the side and covering with half a cloth or towel.

(4) Put a chopstick on the side, roll the cloth or towel into a stick shape, gently tie the two ends with a rubber band or thread, hang a label and put it in a basin or cup.

(5) Put the pot or cup in a place with suitable temperature, and spray water or water frequently, and check the germination rate regularly.

28. How to do soil germination test?

Circle a small piece of loose soil outdoors, plant the seeds at equal distance, then cover the soil and water it to keep it moist. If the outdoor temperature is low, you can use a shallow bowl or wooden box with a diameter of 6-7 to take loose soil, sieve it, put it into a container to make a germination bed, and add water to wet it. After sowing seeds, when the outdoor temperature is high in sunny days, they can be placed outdoors and cultivated indoors in rainy days. Where there is a greenhouse, the greenhouse soil can be used for sowing. After the seedlings are unearthed, check and record the number of emerging seeds every day. When the specified number of days is reached, record the percentage of normal seedlings in the sown seeds.

29, how to do hot water bottle germination test?

In the absence of germination box, hot water bottle can be used to keep the necessary temperature for germination. The method is to make a hole in the plug of the thermos bottle, insert a thermometer, and fill a small half bottle of water (about 1/3) in the bottle to keep the proper temperature for seed germination, and keep the space temperature in the bottle about 20℃ for crop seeds in winter; For summer crop seeds, keep the space temperature in the bottle at about 30℃, wrap the clean seeds with gauze, put labels on them, and soak them in warm water in the bottle for 8-12 hours. Then the seeds are hung in the space of the bottle, and the water is changed once a day to keep a certain temperature and air in the bottle, so that the seeds are not moldy, and the germination rate is calculated within a specified time.

30. What links should be mastered in the seed germination test?

First, the samples must be accurate and representative. Second, the method must be appropriate. The third is to keep enough water. The fourth is to maintain a suitable temperature. The fifth is to maintain air circulation; Sixth, we must adhere to standards. The seventh is to calculate accurately.

31. How to conduct the rapid germination test of cereals and beans?

The time required for ordinary germination test of cereals and beans is 7-10 days. If rapid germination test is used, it is usually only 2-3 days.

Take 4 parts of cereal or bean seeds, each with 100 seeds, and soak the seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 3-4 hours, with the water surface not higher than 1-2 cm. After soaking the seeds, arrange the seeds in an incubator with wet sand, such as cereal seeds, with the embryo facing upward and a certain distance between the seeds. After the seeds are arranged, gently press the seeds to make them level with the sand surface, then cover the seeds with a layer of wet gauze, cover the gauze with a layer of wet sand with a thickness of 0.5-2 cm, slightly suppress it, and put the culture apparatus at a higher temperature for culture. Soybean and peanut were cultured at 25-30℃, wheat at 28℃ and corn at 35℃ for 2 days and nights. After the arrival time, remove the covered gauze and sand, and calculate the seed germination rate.

32. How to use the "sensory method" to determine seed moisture?

By seeing, touching, biting and listening, the water content of seeds can be distinguished. For example, mature and dry seeds are fresh and shiny, while seeds with high moisture content are dark and lack luster. If you feel cold air when you insert your hand into the seed pile, it takes a lot of effort to bite the seed with your teeth, and the sound is loud and the cross section of the seed is smooth, which means that the seed is relatively dry and the water content is generally 12-13%. If the hand is not easy to insert into the seed pile, the resistance is great, the bite does not take effort, the sound is silent, and the cross section of the seed is rough, which are all manifestations of high water content of the seed, and the water content is generally 15-16%. Testing the color of seeds should be avoided under strong light. When touching seeds, you should wipe the sweat off your hands with a dry cloth.

33. What are the contents of improved seed popularization technology?

Techniques for extension of improved varieties include: (1) Screening of excellent varieties, introducing excellent strains from scientific research institutions and universities all over the country to arrange multi-point tests locally, and screening excellent varieties suitable for local production conditions according to the three-step principle of test, demonstration and extension. (2) Promotion of improved varieties. (2) In the cultivation of improved varieties, we should adhere to the good method of supporting improved varieties. ① In the production of improved varieties, we should adhere to three steps: original seed production, original seed propagation and original seed popularization, and pay attention to the mixing, purification and rejuvenation of varieties, and accelerate variety propagation as soon as possible.

34. Does the seed coating agent affect the bud rate after coating?

As the latest seed treatment agent, seed coating agent has many advantages (such as killing insects, sterilizing, preventing element deficiency disease, stimulating growth with drugs and fertilizers, increasing yield and improving quality), high efficiency, high safety, convenient use, etc., which can generally increase yield by 20%, and has no influence on seed germination rate and emergence rate under normal operation. However, it should be noted that the water content of seeds used for coating must be below 13%. If the water content exceeds 13%, the seeds should be mixed with the coating.

35. What is the combination of improved varieties and good methods?

Only under the suitable cultivation and management conditions can improved varieties give full play to their excellent characteristics and obtain high yield. Therefore, when promoting improved varieties, we should combine the local climate, soil quality and cultivation habits, and formulate cultivation management methods according to the characteristics of improved varieties.

36. What is a seed coating agent?

Seed coating agent, as its name implies, is an agent for dressing seeds. It is a new product of drug-fertilizer compound seed coating, which is made of pesticides, fungicides, compound fertilizers, trace elements, plant growth regulators, slow-release agents and film-forming agents. The product has obvious effects of killing underground pests and seedling pests, preventing and removing seed carrier and root seedling diseases, promoting growth and development, improving quality and improving products.

37. What is seed coating?

Seed coating refers to coating seeds with seed coating agent and treating seeds by manual and mechanical methods according to a certain drug-seed ratio. The seed coating agent is wrapped on the seeds and quickly solidified into a medicine film in 3-5 minutes, as if putting a bullet-proof vest on the seeds.

38. What are the three functions of seed coating agent?

(1) Promote the standardization, pelleting and commercialization of improved varieties, improve the quality of seeds after coating with seed coating agent, ensure the uniformity, completeness and robustness of seedlings, and save seeds at the same time. In addition, it has a warning color, which eliminates the distinction between grain and seed.

(2) Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests, birds, rodents and element deficiency disease. When the coated seeds are sown in the soil, the seed coating forms a barrier around the seeds to sterilize the seeds and prevent the infection of pathogenic bacteria. The trace elements such as manganese, zinc, molybdenum and boron contained in the seed coating agent can effectively prevent and control the nutrient deficiency of crops.

(3) Increase yield by 20-40%, improve product quality, promote rooting and germination, and stimulate plant growth.

39. What are the symptoms after seed coating poisoning? How to save?

All kinds of coating pesticides such as soybean, corn, cotton, millet and wheat are carbofuran, and symptoms often appear in about half an hour after poisoning. It is characterized by nervous excitement, pallor, vomiting, salivation and restlessness; Some patients have purple lips, miosis, convulsion, muscle tremor, etc. Some patients have diarrhea, abdominal pain, cold limbs, etc., and dry rales may appear in lung auscultation; Some patients’ heart rate is accelerated, blood pressure is high and low, and those who take a large amount of oral medicine will soon enter a coma. If the rescue is not timely, they will often die because of respiratory depression.

First aid measures are as follows:

(1) Make the poisoned person leave the polluted area immediately, and untie the tight bundle.

(2) Take off the contaminated clothes and wash the body surface with clear water or soap, especially the parts contaminated by pesticides.

(3) After drinking 1-2 glasses of water, press the back of the throat with your hands, causing vomiting, removing the poison, and making the poisoned person stop poisoning.

(4) After eyes are contaminated, rinse with clear water immediately, and then take atropine according to the doctor’s advice. If you are poisoned by mistake, you should repeatedly induce vomiting until there is no toxic smell. If you have artificial respiration or heart massage, don’t do it mouth-to-mouth. If you are unconscious, you must never feed anything.

(5) Doctors can inject 2mg of atropine sulfate subcutaneously when giving first aid. When the poisoning is serious, the injection amount can be as high as 4mg, and then every 10-15 minutes, 2mg each time. No antidote such as phosphorus poisoning can be used for first aid.

(6) Intravenous infusion of glucose solution or glucose saline plus vitamin C or other symptomatic treatment according to the doctor’s advice, but never use morphine and pralidoxime to rescue.

40. How to choose seed coating agent?

Because of the different ingredients and uses, the seed coating agent is divided into several models, so when using it, the seed coating agent should be selected according to different crops, different regions and different purposes.

41. Why seed treatment?

Seed treatment refers to all kinds of treatments taken for seeds from harvest to sowing. Including cleaning, soaking seeds to accelerate germination, sterilization and disinfection, vernalization treatment, weathering treatment, nutrition treatment and various physical and chemical methods, etc. Through treatment, the seeds can be improved in purity, full and uniform, and can kill the seeds with bacteria, prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests at seedling stage, promote the activity of seed embryo enzymes, improve the germination rate of seeds, increase the nutrition of seedlings and promote growth and development, thus achieving the goal of strong seedlings and promoting crop growth and development.

42. What are the three major modes of action of seed coating agent?

(1) Film-forming property: The key of the seed coating agent is the film-forming agent, which can make the seed coating agent wrap on the seeds and quickly solidify into a film (seed coating), and the coated seeds can be bagged immediately without airing and drying.

(2) Slow-release property: the seed coat can only absorb and swell when it meets water in the soil, but it is hardly dissolved. The coated seeds are slowly released in the ground like a "sub-drug storehouse", and the effective period is generally 40-60 days, which is 2-4 times longer than that of the general seed soaking or seed dressing methods.

(3) Internal absorption conductivity: the main component of the seed coating agent is the pesticide carbofuran. Pesticides such as bactericide, carbendazim and metalaxyl are all efficient and have internal absorption and conduction effects. They can be absorbed by seeds, germinate with the seeds, and be absorbed and conducted to the parts on the ground that have not been applied, and continue to play a role in controlling pests and diseases.

43. How to do the germination test after seed coating agent treatment?

The germination rate of seeds treated with seed coating agent is the most important and last index to determine the quality of seed coating agent products, and it is an important technology to correctly determine the germination rate of seeds. It has special practical significance. At present, many domestic manufacturers have affected the germination rate after coating the seed coating agent, some of which are quality reasons, while others are purely broken for technical reasons when doing germination tests.

Seed germination test, including germination rate and germination potential. Germination potential refers to the percentage of normal germinated seeds in the specified date in the initial stage of germination to the number of seeds tested. The germination rate refers to the percentage of all normal germinated seeds with the final germination period within the specified date to the number of tested seeds.

44. How to determine the 1000-grain weight?

To determine the 1000-grain weight of seeds, we should use the good seeds after removing impurities and waste seeds as samples. First, after mixing, take two samples continuously and indiscriminately, with 500 large seeds and 1000 small seeds in each sample (small seeds can also be counted as 10g seeds, and then converted into 1000-grain weight). Weigh the small seeds to the nearest 0.01g and the large seeds to the nearest 0.1g. If the weight of the two samples does not exceed 5%, take the average as the 1000-grain weight.

45. How to determine the reasonable row, plant spacing and number of plants per mu for different varieties?

Different crops have different rows, spacing and number of plants per mu, and different varieties of the same crop have different rows, spacing and number of plants per mu. Different rows, spacing and number of plants per mu should be determined according to the characteristics and characteristics of different crops and varieties. For example, maize hybrids with tall plants and large spikes with flat leaves should be relatively sparsely planted, and the number of plants per mu is generally 2,800-3,000; However, plants with short plant types and spikelets with raised leaves should be relatively densely planted, and the number of plants per mu is generally 4500-5000; The number of plants in the middle is about 4000. The relationship between row spacing, plant spacing and the number of plants per mu is as follows: the number of plants per mu remains unchanged, and the larger the row spacing, the smaller the plant spacing; Small row spacing means large plant spacing, and the number of plants per mu is equal to 1 mu area divided by row spacing multiplied by plant spacing.

46, what are the three elements of the main crop yield?

The three elements of cereal refer to the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the 1000-grain weight.

For example, if there are 4000 ears of corn per mu, the number of grains per ear is 420, and the weight of 1000 grains is 320g, the theoretical yield per mu is equal to 4000× 420× 0.320 ÷ 1000 = 537.6kg..

The three elements of cotton yield are: the number of plants per mu, the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls.

For example, there are 3500 seedlings per mu of cotton field, 18.8 bolls per plant, and the weight of bolls is 4.24 grams. The theoretical yield of seed cotton per mu is equal to 3500×18.8×4.24÷500=558 kg.

47. Can old seeds be used for sowing?

After long-term storage, if the environmental conditions are suitable and the storage period does not exceed a certain limit, crop seeds can still maintain vigorous vitality, and after sowing, they can also grow into strong seedlings and plants and get a bumper harvest. If it exceeds a certain limit, the vitality will begin to decline and even be completely lost, especially in harsh environmental conditions, which is very obvious.

Sowing with old seeds often leads to seedling deformity, abnormal development, dwarfing of plants, shortened growth period, weakened disease resistance, and decreased yield. This is mainly due to the physiological and genetic changes of embryo cells of old seeds under long-term storage conditions, such as the decline of physiological activities of growth hormones, various enzymes and vitamins, and even chromosome aberration, which seriously affects the viability and germination of seeds and changes the original excellent species. Therefore, sowing with old seeds should be avoided as much as possible in production. However, the phenomenon in the biological world is very complicated. Some old seeds are sown, but they are superior in some aspects. For example, cereals and beans can ripen early by sowing old seeds. Using aged seeds for broad beans can make plants short and strong, shorten internodes, increase pod setting, and use aged seeds for mung beans and radishes can increase production.

Therefore, whether old seeds can be used for sowing cannot be generalized, and it must be confirmed according to specific conditions and through field experiments.

48. What should farmers pay attention to when purchasing seeds?

Attention should be paid to seed purchase: first, the seed selling unit should have a seed business license or a power of attorney for seed consignment; Second, there must be seed labels on the packaging label and inside and outside, and the labels are consistent with the seeds. Third, it is necessary to keep the packaging bags and seed sales invoices in case of seed quality problems.

49. How do farmers store seeds after purchasing them?

During the period from the time when farmers buy seeds to the time before sowing, firstly, it is necessary to prevent mildew, and do not put seeds into woven bags with plastic inner films to prevent boring seeds; Keep it in a ventilated and dry place; The second is to prevent insects from eating, and don’t put it in old granaries, hoarding or cement tanks; The third is to prevent rats from biting, which can be bagged and hung; The fourth is to prevent the seeds from being mixed with commercial grain and being treated as feed or food by mistake.

50. What should I do if the seeds have worms?

Measures should be taken as early as possible to control insects according to the principles of safety, economy and effectiveness, so as to minimize losses. The commonly used methods in production include physical method, mechanical method and chemical agent method.

(1) Physical pest control: sunlight exposure or freezing can be used to kill insects and reduce the moisture content of seeds. Be careful not to expose on the cement floor to prevent germination. Seeds with moisture content exceeding the safe storage limit are not easy to freeze to prevent freezing to death.

(2) Mechanical pest control: it is the use of human or power machinery such as cleaning machines, windmills, screens and other pests control.

(3) Chemical pesticides: commonly used drugs include aluminum phosphide and dichlorvos. Dosage should be used according to the drug instructions, and special attention should be paid to operating procedures and techniques to prevent accidents.

51. How to store sorghum seeds?

Sorghum seeds contain about 70% sugar and 10% protein. Although the variety of red skin contains tannin, it will reduce the water permeability of seed coat, because it contains more hydrophilic colloid, it is still easy to absorb moisture. The equilibrium moisture of sorghum is high, especially the grains with high shell rate, which are easy to be moldy with impurities and bacteria. And the seed coat is thin and vulnerable to pests. Before storage, it should be dried and cleaned, especially to prevent the high temperature and heat damage of sorghum seeds harvested in summer; The moisture content of autumn sorghum seeds should be reduced to about 12%, and moisture-proof, insect-proof and rat-proof storage devices should be selected for sealed storage.

52. How to store soybean seeds?

Soybean is difficult to store because of its high oil content and rich protein. Long-term safe water storage content must be below 12%, preferably between 9-10%, and more than 13% is in danger of mildew. Before entering the warehouse, the damaged particles, frostbite particles, moth-eaten particles and diseased particles should be removed clean to improve the storage stability. After a period of time, the seeds are post-heated and release a lot of moisture and heat, that is, about 3-4 weeks after entering the warehouse, it is necessary to take advantage of sunny days to ventilate and disperse moisture, combined with screening to remove impurities and prevent mildew.

53. How to store pea seeds?

Pea seed coat is thin, and its storage resistance is poor. During storage, it is mainly damaged by pest pea weevil, which overwinters in the warehouse. When peas bloom in the next spring, they fly to the field to mate and lay eggs. Young insects eat beans and grow slowly in them, and continue to do harm with the harvest. To prevent the bean weevil, we can adopt the closed heat preservation method. That is, peas are harvested and dried in sunny days to reduce the water content to below 14%. When the seed temperature is quite high, it is sealed when it is hot, so that the seed temperature can continue to rise due to respiration, and the seed temperature can reach above 50℃. After 30-50 days, the larvae lurking in the beans can be killed. If the number of bean seeds is small, the seed scalding method can be adopted, that is, the sun-dried peas are poured into a bamboo basket, immersed in boiling water, quickly stirred for 25 seconds, then the bamboo basket is taken out, immersed in cold water, then spread and dried for storage.

54. Why can’t seeds be stored with fertilizers?

Fertilizer generally refers to nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, urea, etc. This kind of fertilizer is easy to release ammonia gas due to moisture during storage. When stored with seeds, when ammonia gas comes into contact with seeds, it is first adsorbed on the surface of seeds, and then gradually penetrates into cells, damaging the embryo, destroying its respiratory function, seriously affecting the viability of seeds and significantly reducing the germination rate. When the ammonia concentration is high, the seeds will turn dark and die completely in a short period of time, so it is not suitable to be stored in the same warehouse.

55. How long is the life of seeds?

Seed life can be roughly divided into three categories: long-lived seeds (more than 15 years), long-lived seeds (3-15 years) and short-lived seeds (less than 3 years). The length of the first kind of long-lived seeds is long and short, and the second kind of long-lived seeds is normal.

Crops with long-lived seeds include: broad bean, mung bean, Chinese milk vetch, cowpea, adzuki bean, beet, upland cotton, tobacco, sesame, towel gourd, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, radish and chrysanthemum.

Crops that are perennial seeds are: rice, naked barley, wheat, sorghum, millet, corn, buckwheat, cotton, sunflower, soybean, kidney bean, pea, rape, tomato, spinach, onion, onion, garlic and carrot.

Crops with short-lived seeds are: sugarcane, peanuts, ramie, pepper, etc. In addition, many trees and fruit trees have short-lived seeds.

56. What are the benefits of soaking seeds?

Soaking seeds before sowing can accelerate the metabolic process of seeds before germination, accelerate the softening of seed coat, promote germination and shorten the time of emergence.

57. How long is it appropriate to soak seeds?

The soaking time depends on the temperature and the condition of the seeds themselves. The higher the water temperature, the faster the water absorption; The seed coat has good water permeability, the seed contains more protein, the seed is small, and the water absorption is faster. Under normal circumstances, the seeds of barley and wheat are soaked for 1 day and night, broad beans for 2 days and nights, cotton bare seeds for 1 day and night, and short fibers for 2 days and nights. At present, the coated seeds are not soaked.

58. Six taboos for seed selection

No matter the soil quality, fertility and management level of cultivated land, people will plant whatever they want.

Second, avoid being new and think that any new variety is a good variety, regardless of whether the variety has passed the examination and approval.

Three bogeys do not choose suitable varieties according to the requirements of accumulated temperature zone, and prefer to plant late-maturing varieties in the crossing area.

Four bogeys tend to be higher and think that "high-priced seeds are good seeds."

Five, avoid laziness, keep seeds, do not carefully clean them, and the impurities exceed the standard.

Sixth, avoid procrastination and procrastination. If you don’t hurry to buy seeds, you often forget to buy seeds when you are about to sow.

59. What are the three methods of soaking crops?

1. Soak the seeds in warm soup. Put the seeds in warm water of 55℃-56℃ (2 parts of boiled water and 1 part of cold water) which is 5-6 times the weight of the seeds, and then stir constantly, so that the water temperature drops to 20℃-30℃ after 10 minutes, and then soak for several hours.

2. Seed soaking agents can be selected according to different diseases and pests of crops. The most commonly used are formalin, potassium permanganate, trisodium phosphate and carbendazim. After soaking seeds, clean water should be used to wash away the liquid medicine on the surface of seeds so as not to affect germination.

3. Soaking seeds in nutrient solution with 500-1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can make seedlings grow sturdily and emerge early. Soaking seeds with solutions such as boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate can supplement the trace elements needed by crops and increase the yield. Seed soaking concentration is 0.02%-0.1%.

60. How to buy seeds?

(a) to have a seed business license to buy the seed department;

(two) to understand the variety name, origin, growth period, cultivation points and quality standards.

(three) whether it has passed the quarantine inspection, and whether the seed label has the quarantine certificate number;

(four) whether the internal and external labels of the seed package are consistent;

(5) Distinguish between false seeds and inferior seeds.

61. Several storage methods of crop seeds

Corn seeds can be stored by ear storage and grain storage, and the relative humidity is generally below 80%.

Wheat seeds can be stored in bags and bulk, sealed at low temperature, covered and stored in hot warehouse. Attention should be paid to moisture absorption, dry heat preservation and post-ripening.

Cotton seed storage method: separate the pre-frosted flowers from the post-frosted flowers, and store them separately after rolling. It is best to use the pre-frosted flowers to keep the seeds. The seeds are fully dry and the water content is below 12%. The height of the seed pile should be controlled, and it is appropriate to put them in a semi-warehouse for ventilation. The thermometer should be buried in the probe or the bamboo pole with holes every 3 meters, and the measurement should be made in the bamboo pole.

62. What are the taboos for seed storage?

First, avoid mechanical threshing, second, avoid excessive moisture, third, avoid exposure to the hot sun, fourth, avoid soot fumigation, fifth, avoid chemical pollution, sixth, avoid moisture and mildew, seventh, avoid touching the ground, eighth, avoid excessive sundries, and ninth, avoid rats and insects.

63. What should I pay attention to when storing seeds in winter?

(1) Do a good job in seed selection before putting seeds into storage; (2) store good seeds with water; (3) avoid mixing; (4) It can’t be stored in plastic bags, which affects the survival and germination rate of seeds; (5) Store seeds away from damp places; (6) avoid hot and cold; (7) Don’t put it in a smoky place; (8) Seeds cannot be put together with pesticides and fertilizers; (9) Check the stored seeds frequently, so as to ensure the safe storage and overwintering of the seeds.

64. What are the methods for preventing moth in family grain storage?

1. Mothproof method of Chinese herbal medicine: dry pepper, litsea cubeba, pyrethrum, peach tree leaves, spicy grass, etc. and grind them into powder, mix them into a bag of 250g, and put 1-2 bags on the upper layer in the middle of storing seeds, each bag can store 50kg of seeds.

Second, the mothproof method of black self-ash: spread 5 cm thick quicklime on the bottom of the container containing seeds, cover it with gauze or newspaper, cover the surface with gauze or newspaper after the seeds are stacked, cover it with 5 cm thick fresh dry plant ash, cover it tightly, and store it tightly.

3. Mothproof method of tobacco bone leaves: put 7-8 pieces of yellow tobacco leaves at the bottom of the container, and also put 7-8 pieces of yellow tobacco leaves or chopped tobacco bone shreds on the seed pile, and cover them tightly.

4. Chemical moth-proofing method: 80g of dichlorvos is added with 80g of water, and stirred evenly. The old cotton wool, fire brick and rotten cloth are immersed in the liquid medicine, and then wrapped in cloth or newspaper after being picked up, and placed at the bottom or upper layer of the container, with one piece for every 50kg.

5. Biogas moth-proofing method: The cylinder for holding grain seeds is covered with wooden boards, and a hole is drilled in the cover. The biogas plastic pipe is inserted into the cylinder chassis from the hole to form a circle and tied to the nozzle, and several small holes are punched in the pipe wall to make the biogas overflow slowly. After loading the seeds, introduce biogas, cover with a wooden cover and seal.

65. What should I pay attention to when purchasing seeds?

First, we should choose seed companies and business departments with a certain scale and good reputation to buy seeds.

Second, when purchasing varieties, it should be noted that this variety should be approved by the national or local variety approval Committee. If it is a new variety imported from abroad or transported from other places, it should be proved that it has been planted in the local area for one to two years.

Third, the packaging bag (box) for purchasing seeds should be marked with instructions on the production unit of the seed, the characteristics of the variety, the cultivation method, the scope of application, the suitable temperature for cultivation, the disease resistance, etc., and there should also be signs indicating the quality of the seed, including the purity, germination rate, purity and water content of the seed.

Fourth, attention should be paid to keeping the invoice when purchasing seeds, on which the name of the purchased variety and the business unit should be clearly written.

66. What aspects do regular seed companies cover after-sales of improved varieties?

In accordance with the provisions of the Seed Law, regular seed companies can distribute seeds only after the seed management department issues a seed business license. Seeds must meet the national or local seed standards, which are specifically divided into seed purity, seed purity, seed germination rate and seed water content, and the improved varieties are sold to farmers. If there is a wrong variety, or because the four indicators of seeds fail to meet the standards, the seeds will not emerge, the height of the plants is very different, the variety characteristics are quite different, and the yield will decrease. If it is proved by experts that it is a seed quality problem, the company should compensate for the losses according to the Seed Law. In case of natural disasters such as high temperature, low temperature, rainy weather, pests and diseases or improper cultivation management, the company will not bear the losses such as production reduction.

67. Which department is responsible for seed administrative law enforcement?

The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the people’s governments at or above the county level are in charge of the work of crops and forest seeds within their respective administrative areas. The seed management institutions under the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the specific seed management.

68, under what circumstances, seed operators do not need to apply for a seed business license?

There are four situations in which the seed business license is not handled. First, seed operators specialize in packaging seeds that are no longer repackaged; Second, it is entrusted in writing by a seed operator with a seed business license to sell its seeds on a commission basis; The third is the branch established by the operator in the effective area stipulated in the business license; Fourth, some of the conventional seeds bred by farmers themselves are sold and exchanged in the bazaars.

69. What procedures do operators who do not apply for seed business licenses need to go through before they can operate seeds?

If a seed operator sells the seeds of a unit or individual with a seed business license, he shall apply for a business license at the local administrative department for industry and commerce with a copy of the other party’s business license, a copy of the business license and a seed consignment agreement; Seed operators who set up branches within the effective area stipulated in the business license must register with the local seed management department before they can operate seeds.

70. What are the requirements of the Seed Law for commercial seeds?

First, seeds must be packaged in small bags; Second, there must be a label on the seed package, and the contents of the label should be complete and true; Third, the seeds must be varieties approved by the state or our province for promotion; Fourth, seed quality standards must meet the standards set by the state.

71. What are the main crops referred to in the Seed Law?

Crops include grain, cotton, oilseeds, hemp, sugar, vegetables, fruit trees, tea trees, flowers, mulberry trees, tobacco, Chinese herbal medicines, grasses, green manure, edible fungi and rubber. The main crops are rice, wheat, corn, cotton, soybean, rape and potato.

72. What is a good variety of forest trees?

Improved varieties of forest trees refer to the approved forest seeds, whose yield, adaptability and resistance are obviously superior to the propagation materials and planting materials of the current main planting materials in a certain area.

73. What are the national quality standards for wheat and corn seeds?

Wheat seed standard: the purity of original seed is not less than 99.9%, the purity of improved seed is not less than 99%, the purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13%. The standard of maize hybrid must reach the second grade of the national standard, that is, the purity is not less than 96%, the cleanliness is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13%.

74. What are the requirements for applying for a seed business license?

First, the conditions for applying for a business license for hybrid seeds of major crops are as follows: First, applying for a registered capital of more than 5 million yuan; Second, there is a corn hybrid seed inspection room, and there are more than two seed inspection personnel who have passed the examination by the provincial agricultural administrative department; Third, there are complete sets of seed processing equipment and one seed processing technician.

Two, to apply for a seed business license other than the main crop hybrid seeds, the following conditions should be met: first, to apply for a registered capital of more than 1 million yuan; Second, there are inspection rooms and necessary inspection instruments, processing, storage and seed business places that can meet the inspection needs. Third, there is a seed inspector who has passed the examination by the agricultural administrative department at or above the provincial level, as well as warehousing personnel and processing technicians.

Three, the combination of breeding, production and management, to apply for a business license from the Ministry of Agriculture should have the following conditions: first, apply for a registered capital of more than 30 million yuan; Second, there are breeding institutions and corresponding breeding conditions; Third, the seed sales of self-owned varieties account for more than 50% of the total business volume; Fourth, there is a stable seed breeding base; Fifth, there are complete sets of processing equipment; Sixth, the inspection instruments and equipment meet the standards of ministerial-level seed inspection institutions, and there are more than five seed inspection personnel who have passed the examination by agricultural administrative departments at or above the provincial level; Seventh, there is a relatively stable sales network.

75, apply for seed production license must have what conditions?

The necessary conditions for applying for a seed production license are as follows: First, for the production of conventional seeds (including original seeds) and hybrid parent seeds, the registered capital is more than 1 million yuan; Production of hybrid seeds, the registered capital of more than 5 million yuan; Second, there are more than 500 square meters of seed threshing ground or drying equipment; Third, there are necessary storage facilities; Fourth, there are more than 2 seed inspectors and more than 3 professional seed production technicians who have passed the examination by the agricultural administrative departments at or above the provincial level.

76. How to apply for a seed business license?

Business licenses for hybrid seeds of major crops, their parent seeds and conventional seeds shall be audited by the county-level agricultural administrative department where the operator is located and issued by the provincial agricultural administrative department; Other seed business licenses shall be issued by the local agricultural administrative departments at or above the county level. When applying for a seed business license, the applicant shall submit the following materials to the audit institution: first, an application form for a crop seed business license; The second is the qualification certificates of seed inspectors, storage and custody personnel and processing technicians; The third is the list of seed inspection instruments, processing equipment and storage equipment, photos and property rights certificates; The fourth is the photo of the seed business place. If the applicant applies to the Ministry of Agriculture for a seed business license, he should also submit the following materials to the audit organ: first, photos or descriptions of breeding institutions, sales networks and breeding bases; The second is the proof of its own variety; The third is the description of breeding conditions, laboratory conditions and production and operation. Audit institutions shall conduct audit within 30 days from the date of receiving the application, and sign audit opinions for qualified applicants and report them to the examination and approval authorities; The examination and approval authority shall handle the matter within 30 days from the date of receiving the examination opinions.

77. How to apply for a seed production license?

To apply for a seed production license, an application shall be made by a unit or individual directly organizing seed production. Commissioned by farmers or rural collective economic organizations, the client shall apply; Entrust other economic organizations to produce, the entrusting party or the entrusted party shall apply. The following materials shall be submitted to the auditing organ when applying: first, an application form for crop seed production license; The second is the qualification certificate of seed inspectors and seed production technicians; Third, the registered capital certification materials; The fourth is the list of inspection facilities, instruments and equipment, photos and property rights certificates; Fifth, introduction of seed threshing ground or photos of seed drying equipment and proof of property rights; Sixth, photos of seed storage facilities and proof of property rights; Seventh, the quarantine certificate and introduction of the seed production site; Eight is the introduction of production varieties. If it is an authorized variety or a genetically modified variety, it should also provide relevant certificates, contracts or safety certificates for genetically modified organisms; Nine is the seed production quality assurance system. Within 30 days from the date of receiving the application materials, the audit organ shall complete the audit and inspection of the materials and the field, and sign the audit opinions with conditions and report them to the examination and approval authority; For those who do not meet the requirements, notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons. The examination and approval authority shall complete the examination and approval work within 30 days from the date of receiving the examination opinions.

78. What should be marked on the seed label?

Crop seed labels shall be marked with crop species, seed category, variety name, place of origin, seed production license number, quarantine certificate number, import approval number, seed quality index, net content, production year and month, manufacturer’s name, manufacturer’s address and contact information. The main crop species should be added with seed production license number and variety approval.

79. Why do seed operators have to establish business files?

Management files are an important basis for farmers’ claims and operators’ recovery after seed quality problems occur; Therefore, seed operators must establish business files, which should contain a brief description of seed source, processing, storage, transportation and quality inspection, as well as the responsible person and sales destination. General seed management files shall be kept for 2 years after seed sales. If the operator does not set up business files, the administrative department of agriculture may impose a fine of 1000 yuan-10,000 yuan.

80. What problems should seed operators pay attention to in their business activities?

Before conducting business activities, seed operators should first examine whether the other party has the qualification for seed business, that is, whether it has applied for a business license; If the other party has a business license, it must go to the industrial and commercial department for a business license with a copy of its license and business license and the seed consignment agreement, and register with the seed management department before it can operate and sell; Operators should review the seeds before planting, mainly to see whether the seeds are packaged in small bags, whether there are labels, whether the contents of the labels are complete and true, and whether the seeds have been approved by the state or our province; Operators must establish sales files in the course of operation, and farmers must issue sales invoices when purchasing seeds. In addition, each batch of seeds distributed by the operator shall be sampled and sealed by both the buyer and the seller as evidence for handling seed quality disputes.

81. Can the seeds bred by farmers themselves be sold and exchanged?

Farmers’ self-propagated surplus seeds can be sold or exchanged in the bazaars near their residence or place of residence without going through any formalities, but when selling surplus seeds, they should issue a sales certificate to the buyer, which should indicate the variety name, place of origin, production date, quantity, price and the name, address and contact telephone number of the seller; The quality of the remaining seeds sold and exchanged must be guaranteed. If losses are caused by the quality of the seeds, compensation shall be made according to law.

82. What is a fake seed?

The following seeds are false seeds: first, non-seeds are used as seeds or seeds of this variety are used as seeds of other varieties; Second, the seed type, variety and place of origin are inconsistent with the contents marked on the label.

83. What are inferior seeds?

Inferior seeds are divided into five forms: first, the quality is lower than the national standard for seed use; Second, the quality is lower than the labeling index; Third, it cannot be used as seeds because of deterioration; Fourth, the ratio of weed seeds exceeds the regulations; Fifth, there are pests with quarantine objects stipulated by the state.

84. How will the production and operation of fake and inferior seeds be punished?

Article 59 of the Seed Law stipulates that those who produce and operate fake or inferior seeds shall be ordered by the administrative department of agriculture and forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level or the administrative department for industry and commerce to stop production and operation, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, revoke the seed production and operation license or business license, and impose a fine; If there is illegal income, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the illegal income shall be imposed; If there is no illegal income, a fine of 2,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan shall be imposed; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

85. What problems should I pay attention to when buying seeds?

When buying seeds, we should pay attention to whether the operator has a business license for seed consignment, whether the seeds sold by him are in small packages (the maximum package stipulated by the state is not more than 25 kilograms), whether there is a label on the package, whether the contents of the label are complete and true, and must ask for a seed purchase invoice when buying seeds.

86. Can unapproved varieties be sold?

Crop varieties that have not been approved shall not be advertised or promoted. Those that have passed the national examination and approval can be popularized in suitable ecological areas throughout the country. Crop varieties approved by neighboring provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government must be re-approved by our province before they can be promoted in suitable ecological areas in our province. The agricultural administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order the operation and promotion of unapproved crop seeds to stop, confiscate the seeds and illegal income, and impose a fine of 10 thousand yuan to 50 thousand yuan.

87, without a seed business license or seed business registration without permission, how to punish?

According to the Seed Law, operators with seed business qualifications who set up branches in different places may not apply for business licenses, but they should register with the local agricultural administrative department within 15 days after handling or changing their business licenses. If they fail to do so, they shall be ordered to make corrections and be fined not less than 10,000 yuan in 1000 yuan.

88. What should I do if I suffer economic losses because I bought fake and inferior seeds?

After farmers buy seeds and use them, if there are any problems, they should first report them to the seed management department in time. The seed management department invites experts to conduct field appraisal on their production fields. If they really suffer losses due to seed quality problems, the operators who sell seeds should compensate them, including the purchase price, the loss of available benefits and related expenses.

89. What is "compensation first, then recovery"?

If a seed user suffers losses due to seed quality problems, the operator who directly sells the seeds to the farmers shall compensate the farmers first, and if it is the responsibility of the seed producers or other operators, the operators shall recover from the seed producers or other operators.

90. How will I be punished for operating seeds without labels or with labels that do not conform to the provisions of the Seed Law?

The administrative department of agriculture and forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level or the administrative department for industry and commerce shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan from 1000 yuan.

91. What are the procedures for advertising new varieties of seeds?

The seeds advertised must be varieties approved by the state or our province, with variety approval number and variety approval certificate, and shall be announced by the agricultural administrative department at the same level; Secondly, it is necessary to review the advertising content, which should be true, and the description of seed traits should be consistent with the announcement of approval.

92. Can individuals engage in the breeding and development of improved varieties?

The seed law stipulates that the state encourages and supports units and individuals to engage in the breeding and development of improved varieties.

93. What problems should seed law enforcement personnel pay attention to in their work?

Seed law enforcement officers shall show their administrative law enforcement certificates when performing official duties according to law, and there must be more than two law enforcement officers when enforcing the law. Seed law enforcement officers shall not participate in and engage in seed production and business activities.

94. What are germplasm resources?

Germplasm resources refer to the basic materials for breeding new varieties, including cultivated species of various plants, propagation materials of wild species and genetic materials of various plants artificially created by using the above propagation materials.

95. What are new plant varieties?

A new plant variety refers to a plant variety that has been cultivated artificially or developed from wild plants found, and has novelty, specificity, consistency and stability, and is appropriately named.

96. What is the right to new plant varieties?

The right to new plant varieties refers to the acceptance and examination of applications for new plant varieties by the administrative departments of agriculture and forestry in the State Council, and the granting of variety rights to new plant varieties that meet the requirements.

97. What kind of punishment will be imposed on those who counterfeit authorized varieties for business and sales activities?

Counterfeiting authorized varieties shall be ordered by the administrative department of agriculture and forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop counterfeiting, confiscate the illegal income and plant variety propagation materials, and impose a fine of more than 1 time and less than 5 times the illegal income. If the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; Those who sell authorized varieties without using their registered names shall be ordered by the administrative department of agriculture and forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections within a time limit and may be fined below 1000 yuan.

98. What are agricultural genetically modified organisms?

Agricultural genetically modified organisms (GMOs) refer to animals, microorganisms and their products that use genetic engineering technology to change gene composition and are used in agricultural production or agricultural product processing.

99. What do genetically modified products mainly include?

Mainly includes: (1) transgenic animals and plants (including seeds, breeding livestock and poultry, aquatic fry) and microorganisms; Directly processed products of genetically modified agricultural products; (3) Genetically modified animals, plants and microorganisms; (4) Products such as seeds, breeding livestock and poultry, aquatic fry, pesticides, veterinary drugs, fertilizers and additives containing genetically modified animals and plants, microorganisms or their product components.

100, the first batch of agricultural genetically modified organisms identification directory including several categories? How many kinds?

Including five categories and seventeen species.

Soybean seed, soybean, soybean powder, soybean oil and soybean meal;

Corn seeds, corn, corn oil, corn;

Rapeseed, rapeseed, rapeseed oil, rapeseed meal;

Cotton seeds;

Tomato seeds, fresh tomatoes, ketchup.

Source: YAN

Original title: "Fundamentals of Agricultural Technology"

Open the year must see! Xingyue L debuted with luxury benefits, and her charm and strength were bursting.

In the automobile market, which is full of competition, Xingyue L is like a strong champion, and is starting a new journey with a more dazzling attitude. Its opening welfare is like dazzling fireworks. The sales data in January 2025-25,434 vehicles, is a strong proof of its strong appeal in the market.

Xingyue L has shown great strength in product configuration. Externally, its line design is extremely tense, and the smooth body contour with the unique penetrating light strip not only stretches the width of the whole vehicle visually, but also creates a strong sense of future technology. Large-size dynamic wheels fit perfectly with the style of the whole vehicle, and driving on the road is like a flowing landscape with high recognition.

In terms of interior, Xingyue L adopts high-quality materials, and every detail shows luxury and comfort. According to the exquisite design of ergonomics, the seat can perfectly fit the driver’s body curve, which can make the driver feel at home whether it is a long trip or a daily commute.

In terms of security, Xingyue L is fully armed. All-round airbags, like guardian angels, are always ready to provide the most reliable protection from outside temporarily; Active safety systems such as active braking and lane departure warning, like keen eyes, have insight into potential dangers in advance, as well as blind spot monitoring, rear traffic warning and other functions to escort travel in all directions.

Xingyue L won a good reputation in the market by virtue of its champion sales strength in the past, while Xingyue L Dongfang Yao inherited its excellent quality. Nowadays, Xingyue L offers super benefits to consumers at the beginning of the new year, and the purchase of Xingyue L can enjoy up to 45,000 yuan of rejuvenation red envelopes. This offer is like a luxurious red envelope rain, which makes consumers feel the benefits of real money and silver.

The sales volume of 25,434 vehicles in January, 2025 was highly recognized by consumers. It takes the championship strength as the cornerstone and the opening welfare as the horn, and is waiting for the favor of more consumers and leading them to a better car life. I believe that in the subsequent market performance, Xingyue L will continue to write sales legends with its excellent product strength and attractive welfare policies.

National Health and Wellness Committee introduces the development of nursing in China.

Regular press conference of the National Health and Wellness Committee on May 10, 2018

Time: May 10, 2018

Venue: Press Release Hall, Building 2, National Health and Wellness Commission.

Jia Bin: Jiao Yahui, Deputy Director of Medical Administration and Hospital Authority

        Wen Daxiang, Deputy Director of Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission

        Wu Xinjuan, Director of Nursing Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Liu Zhefeng:

Hello, friends from the media, and welcome to the regular press conference of the National Health and Wellness Committee in May. The theme of today’s conference is to introduce the development of nursing in China. First of all, I’d like to introduce all the guests seated on the stage, Ms. Jiao Yahui, deputy director of the Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, Mr. Wen Daxiang, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, and Ms. Wu Xinjuan, director of the nursing department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, chairman of the Chinese Nursing Association and winner of the 43rd Nightingale Prize. Welcome to our press conference.

The day after tomorrow is the International Nurses’ Day. Nurses from all over the country give their patients care and dedication day and night, and they give them scientific care and guidance. With the comprehensive cooperation of nursing work, the comprehensive recovery of patients can be promoted. On the occasion of the International Nurses’ Day, we would also like to say hello and pay tribute to the nursing workers all over the country and our fellow nurses. We also hope that through the reports of friends in the media, the whole society can understand and pay more attention to our nursing work and show more care and love to our nurses. Let’s start today’s press release. First of all, please ask Deputy Director Jiao Yahui to introduce the development of nursing in China.

Jiao Yahui:

Good morning, friends from the media. First of all, I would like to thank my friends from the news media for their concern and support for the nursing work. On the occasion of the upcoming "5.12" International Nurses’ Day in 2018, I also take this opportunity to wish the majority of nursing workers across the country a happy holiday. This year is also the tenth anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the nurses’ regulations. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce the overall situation of the development of the national nursing cause in recent years, especially since the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the nurses’ regulations.

"Three-point treatment and seven-point nursing" is an important part of health and health undertakings, which is closely related to people’s health interests and life safety, and is of great significance for stabilizing growth, promoting reform, adjusting structure, benefiting people’s livelihood and winning the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Strengthening the construction of nursing staff and promoting the reform and development of nursing career and nursing industry is an important content of implementing the strategy of healthy China, and it is also an objective requirement of establishing a health service system covering the whole population and the whole cycle.

The State Council promulgated the Nurses’ Regulations in January 2008, which was implemented on the International Nurses’ Day on May 12 of the same year. It protects the legitimate rights and interests of nurses from the legal level, clarifies the rights, obligations and practice rules of nurses, promotes the healthy development of nursing, and guarantees medical safety and people’s health. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the Nurses Ordinance. In the past ten years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, governments at all levels, health administrative departments and medical and health institutions have implemented the Nurses Regulations and taken effective measures to stabilize and develop the ranks of nurses. The majority of nursing workers consciously fulfill their responsibilities and obligations, actively practice high-quality nursing services, and make great contributions to improving the health level of the whole people. Since the implementation of the "Regulations on Nurses", nursing has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, mainly in the following aspects.

First, the team of nurses has developed vigorously, and their quality and professional ability have been significantly improved.

By the end of 2017, the total number of registered nurses in China exceeded 3.8 million, accounting for 42.3% of health and family planning professionals. There are two important time nodes. In 2005, the first "Eleventh Five-Year" nursing plan was promulgated and implemented, and in 2008, the Nurses Regulations was promulgated and implemented. Compared with 2005 and 2008, the number of nurses in 2005 was 1.35 million. In 2008, the number of nurses reached 1.678 million, which was 181.6% higher than that in 2005 and 126.5% higher than that in 2008. The number of nurses per thousand population increased from 1.03 in 2005 to 1.208. The national medical care ratio increased from 1: 0.66 in 2005 to 1: 0.79 in 2008, and reached 1: 1.1 in 2017, which reversed the inverted medical care ratio. In 2017, the doctor-nurse ratio of tertiary hospitals reached 1: 1.54, and that of secondary hospitals reached 1: 1.46. There are nearly 800 thousand nurses engaged in nursing work at the grassroots level. According to statistics, 67% of the nurses have college education, and the level of specialized nursing has been continuously improved, which has played an important role in daily nursing work and medical service for major emergencies.

Second, the enthusiasm of nurses has been further mobilized.

Improving nurses’ working conditions and ensuring nurses’ treatment are the important contents of the Nurses’ Regulations. In the past ten years, through implementing the Nurses’ Regulations, especially in the process of deepening medical reform, aiming at the common problems in nurse management in medical institutions, and exploring the reform from identity management to post management, we have increased the incentive and publicity for outstanding nurses. At present, 79 nurses in China have won the Nightingale Medal, and many nurses have won the titles of Bethune Medal, National Advanced Worker of Health and Family Planning System and National Model Worker.

Third, the level of nursing professional technology has been continuously improved to ensure medical quality and safety.

All kinds of medical institutions at all levels and nurses provide patients with quality nursing services in accordance with the requirements of the Nurses Regulations. The concept of nursing service has changed from "disease-centered to patient-centered", and the service model has changed from cooperating with doctors to focusing on patients’ physical and mental health needs. The technical level of nursing specialty has been continuously improved, and nursing work is closer to patients, clinic and society. In 2017, high-quality nursing services have achieved full coverage of tertiary hospitals, and nearly 90% of secondary hospitals have also carried out high-quality nursing services, and patients’ sense of access to medical treatment has been significantly enhanced. According to the evaluation of the third-party effect of improving medical services, the masses are most satisfied with nursing work.

Fourth, the connotation of nursing is constantly enriched to meet the multi-level health needs of the masses.

Nursing work serves the whole process of people’s birth, aging, death and illness, and plays a role in all stages of diagnosis and treatment of patients’ diseases in acute stage, rehabilitation in chronic stage and care and care in dying stage. At present, many regions and medical institutions in China actively adapt to the changes in disease spectrum and the aging process of the population, constantly enrich the connotation of nursing specialty, gradually extend nursing services to communities and families, and provide services such as aged care, chronic disease management, rehabilitation care, long-term care and hospice care for the masses, further satisfying the diversified and multi-level health service needs of the masses.

At present, compared with the people’s diversified multi-level health needs, there are still problems of unbalanced and insufficient development in nursing work. In the next step, the National Health and Wellness Committee will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the National Health and Wellness Conference, take Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era as the guide, closely follow the changes of major social contradictions, pay attention to the structural reform on the supply side and improve the people’s feelings, make efforts at the same time, highlight key points, make up shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and accurately meet the diverse and multi-level nursing service needs of the people. First, under the guidance of implementing the strategy of healthy China, we will continue to implement the Nurses Regulations and the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Nursing, strengthen the construction of nurses and promote the healthy development of nursing. The second is to issue guiding documents to promote the reform and development of nursing service industry, innovate nursing service mode, increase the supply of nursing service and vigorously promote the reform and development of nursing service industry in accordance with the principle of "government-led, diversified investment, market operation and industry management". Third, actively respond to the aging population, vigorously develop elderly care and elderly care, strengthen the construction of employees, expand social employment, and promote the rapid development of the nursing industry. Fourth, strengthen nursing propaganda, actively publicize the achievements and typical experiences in promoting the reform and development of nursing; Establish the emerging advanced nursing deeds and outstanding models, and create a good atmosphere for further promoting the healthy development of nursing cause and nursing industry in the new era.

Liu Zhefeng:

Next, please ask Deputy Director Wen Daxiang to introduce the development of nursing career and elderly nursing service industry in Shanghai.

Wen Daxiang:

Good morning, friends from the media. First of all, it is a great honor to introduce the achievements in the development of nursing in Shanghai, as well as the elderly care and long-term care work on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the Nurses Regulations in our country and the upcoming Nurses’ Day this year.

In recent years, the administrative departments of health and family planning at all levels in Shanghai, as well as the medical subjects and medical institutions, have fully implemented the "Regulations on Nurses" and the main tasks put forward by the national and Shanghai nursing career development plan. Shanghai has made remarkable achievements in strengthening the construction of nursing team, promoting high-quality nursing service and expanding the field of nursing service. At the same time, in order to cope with the challenge of aging population, Shanghai has continuously strengthened the management of medical care for the elderly, and gradually explored the formation of an elderly care service system consisting of institutional care, community care and home care. I will introduce the work in Shanghai from two aspects. First, I will introduce the achievements in the development of nursing in Shanghai.

From the height of building a well-off society in an all-round way and improving people’s health level, Shanghai has combined the development of nursing with the development plan of Shanghai’s medical and health undertakings. According to the spirit of the outline of the national development plan for nursing undertakings and related documents, combined with the actual development of nursing undertakings in Shanghai, it has studied and formulated the implementation plan for the development of nursing undertakings in Shanghai, and strengthened organizational leadership to ensure the effectiveness of the work. At the same time, actively promote the health and family planning administrative departments at all levels and medical and health institutions to comprehensively and thoroughly implement the provisions of the Nurses Regulations, effectively protect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of nurses, and standardize the practice of nursing. In this process, the nursing career in Shanghai has developed rapidly.

(1) The number of nurses has increased and the knowledge structure has been optimized.

The number of nurses in Shanghai has grown rapidly. By the end of 2017, the number of registered nurses had reached 84,000, an increase of more than 72% compared with 2008. According to the statistics of resident population, the number of nurses per thousand population increased from 2.58 in 2008 to 3.47 in 2017, and the ratio of practicing (assistant) doctors to registered nurses increased from 1.05: 1 in 2008 to 1: 1.23 in 2017. In addition, in terms of structure, the proportion of nurses with college degree or above in Shanghai’s nursing team has increased year by year. By the end of 2017, nurses with college degree or above in Shanghai have accounted for 83.54% of the total registered nurses, and a large number of highly educated and high-quality nurses have enriched the clinical front line, laying a solid foundation for promoting the development of nursing career and the progress of nursing medicine in Shanghai.

(two) the professional and technical level of nurses has been significantly improved.

Shanghai has continuously strengthened the training of clinical specialized nurses and improved the professional level of nurses. In intensive care, blood purification, emergency and first aid and other 11 key areas with high requirements for specialized nursing knowledge and skills, professional nurses’ competency training was carried out. Cultivate higher-level specialized nurses with professional development ability. At present, Shanghai has trained nearly 12,000 clinical nursing backbones. In addition, the international training of nurses has been continuously strengthened, and the training funds for nurses have been greatly increased. In the past five years, all kinds of medical institutions at all levels in the city have sent nurses abroad for training, including studying for master’s and doctoral degrees in nursing abroad, which has exceeded 10,000 person-times.

(3) The quality of nursing service has been further promoted and the quality of nursing has been continuously improved.

Since 2010, Shanghai has started the "Demonstration Project of Quality Nursing Service" and gradually promoted the deepening of this work. At present, all secondary and tertiary hospitals in the city have achieved full coverage of quality nursing services, and community health service centers are also actively carrying out quality nursing with community characteristics. Since the end of 2016, Shanghai has actively promoted the radiation of high-quality nursing resources to the grassroots, further exerted the radiation effect of high-quality nursing resources in tertiary hospitals in this city, extended high-quality nursing services, and improved the nursing service capacity of grassroots medical and health institutions in the city. There are 11 hospitals, 37 wards and 63 individuals in Shanghai who have won the titles of former National Health and Family Planning Commission, state administration of traditional chinese medicine Advanced Hospital for Quality Nursing Service, Advanced Ward and Advanced Individual. In addition, since 1996, a nursing quality control center has been established in Shanghai, and a perfect two-level nursing quality control network has been established in the urban area. The city has unified the nursing management system of various medical institutions, studied and formulated seven general nursing quality control standards and five specialized nursing quality control standards such as pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology. At present, more than 30 nursing quality control standards in Shanghai have been included in national related standards. By establishing nursing quality control standards, establishing nursing quality information data platform and database, constructing nursing quality index system, organizing nursing management training and full coverage of nursing quality control supervision in medical institutions above the second level. Shanghai’s nursing quality and service ability have been continuously improved. Through the third-party satisfaction measurement, the average patient satisfaction in Shanghai hospitals in the past three years has been above 93%.

(D) The level of hospital nursing management and the ability of long-term nursing service have been continuously improved.

In accordance with the national requirements for deepening medical reform and nursing reform and development, Shanghai has continuously reformed and innovated nursing management system and mechanism, actively explored nursing human resource management, continuous improvement of nursing quality, improvement of performance appraisal and salary distribution, strengthened positive guidance and encouragement, fully mobilized the enthusiasm of clinical nurses, and strived to achieve scientific, professional and refined hospital nursing management. The long-term nursing service capacity of medical institutions has also been further enhanced, paying more attention to the continuous care and rehabilitation of patients. Medical institutions at all levels provide continuing nursing services by carrying out nursing clinics, organizing health education salons, home nursing and other forms, which meet the increasingly diversified health service needs of the masses and broaden the development space for nurses.

(5) Accelerate the reform of nursing education, and promote the academic exchange and discipline development of nursing.

With the goal of cultivating high-level nursing practical talents, Shanghai has carried out the training of undergraduate, master and doctoral nursing students. At present, there are 6 colleges and universities of nursing undergraduate education in the city, 5 independent nursing master’s programs and 3 doctoral programs. In the past three years, 199 masters of nursing and 20 doctors of nursing have been trained. In addition, Shanghai has continuously strengthened cooperation and exchanges with other provinces and cities in China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as international nursing colleagues. By building brand academic exchange platforms at the municipal level, such as Shanghai International Nursing Conference and Shanghai International Nursing Forum, Shanghai has learned from advanced experience at home and abroad and promoted the development concept and model to be in line with international standards. In terms of the construction of nursing discipline, Shanghai regards nursing discipline as the most important discipline in the city, and it is also an important and weak discipline that needs to be supported. The municipal finance provides special funding, and medical institutions at all levels have set up special funds for nursing, or regard nursing discipline as the key specialty of hospitals, so that the status of nursing discipline has been continuously improved.

Second, the situation of elderly care and long-term care in Shanghai

As we all know, Shanghai is one of the earliest cities in China with an aging population, and the social speed of aging population in Shanghai is very fast and the degree is very high. By the end of 2017, the elderly over 60 accounted for 33.2% of the registered population in Shanghai, and the elderly aged 80 and over accounted for 5.5% of the total. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of urban aging care services, under the principle of paying equal attention to government-led and market-driven and optimizing the distribution of regional health resources, Shanghai has continuously strengthened the management of medical care for the elderly, and the ability and level of medical care for the elderly have been significantly improved.

(A) to strengthen the elderly medical care service system.

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", Shanghai has continued to implement the policy of increasing the number of beds for elderly medical care. Through the combination of stock consolidation and moderate development increment, the number of nursing beds for the elderly will be gradually increased. On the one hand, the existing treatment beds in public secondary medical institutions and community health service centers are gradually transformed into nursing beds. In 2013, Shanghai issued the "Implementation Opinions on Setting Elderly Care Beds in District and County General Hospitals", requiring that all district general hospitals set no less than an average of 50 elderly care beds. For district general hospitals with elderly care beds, a one-time subsidy of 10,000 yuan per bed was given through the Shanghai Welfare Lottery Public Welfare Fund. On the other hand, encourage and support the establishment of nursing institutions for the elderly and encourage diversified development of nursing stations. In 2016, Shanghai has issued the "Shanghai Nursing Station Management Standard" and the "Notice on Encouraging Social Forces to Develop Nursing Stations" to promote the extension of medical care services to communities and families and meet the people’s growing demand for basic medical care services. In 2017, Shanghai studied and formulated the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Elderly Medical Care Service System in Shanghai", which further explicitly requested to increase the supply of elderly care service resources in this city and improve the level of elderly medical care services. By the end of 2017, there were 26,599 beds for elderly medical care in the city. There are 46 nursing homes in the city, of which 9 are run by the government and 37 by the society, with 7913 beds. There are 108 nursing stations in the city, of which 9 are run by the government and 99 by the society.The number of elderly medical nursing beds set up by social capital in the city has reached 6051, accounting for 22.7% of the total.

(2) Explore the establishment of a long-term care insurance system.

In 2013, Shanghai has explored the pilot work of the medical care security plan for the elderly. Since January 2017, Shanghai, as one of the first 15 cities in China to carry out long-term care insurance pilots, has piloted the long-term care insurance system in Xuhui, Putuo and Jinshan, and achieved initial results. According to the deployment of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the pilot project of long-term insurance protection will be carried out in the city from January 1, 2018. For the long-term disabled people who have reached a certain level of nursing needs after assessment, providing services or financial guarantee for their basic life care and medical care closely related to their basic life not only provides urgently needed long-term nursing services for the long-term disabled elderly, but also effectively reduces their economic burden. According to the unified division of labor in the whole city, the Shanghai Health and Family Planning Department will make great efforts to promote the formulation of evaluation standards, carry out the management of evaluation institutions, the training of evaluators and the quality management of evaluation together with the people’s society and the civil affairs department, strengthen the construction of service institutions such as social nursing stations, strengthen the construction of evaluators and nursing staff, and cooperate with relevant departments to study and formulate relevant supporting policies. By the end of 2017, Shanghai has carried out more than 80,000 evaluations in the city according to the evaluation standards.

(three) to further promote the family doctor system and the combination of medical care.

Shanghai has continuously promoted the construction of the family doctor system, actively explored the signing of "1+1+1" medical institutions, and made the elderly group the focus and priority object of signing services. As of April 23, 2018, the number of "1+1+1" contracted permanent residents in the city has reached 3.92 million, including 2.77 million elderly people over 60 years old. The signing rate of elderly people over 60 years old exceeds 60%, and 73% of the contracted residents’ outpatient visits occur in the "1+1+1" medical institution portfolio. Among them, 52% of the contracted clinics took place in the community health service centers with which they signed contracts. In order to further promote the combination of medical care and nursing care, Shanghai regards community health service centers as an important platform to provide health services for the elderly. At present, the workload of community health service centers for the elderly accounts for about 60% of the total workload, and the service rates of community health service centers with pension institutions and foster care institutions in the city have achieved full coverage.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Shanghai will accelerate the construction of a healthy city and strive to become an Asian medical center city. Shanghai’s nursing work will also fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, implement the health and health work policy in the new era, and further strengthen the nursing team around the overall requirements of the China Nursing Development Plan (2016-2020) and the Shanghai Nursing Development Implementation Plan (2017-2020). Here, finally, I would like to take this opportunity to express my high respect and holiday greetings to angels in white people all over the country. Thank you.

Liu Zhefeng:

Next, please ask Director Wu Xinjuan to introduce the work progress from the front line in deepening the field of quality nursing.

Wu Xinjuan:

Dear media friends, good morning, first of all, I am entrusted by President Zhao Yupei, and on behalf of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all sectors of society who have long cared for and supported the development and construction of Union Medical College. Below I will briefly introduce some measures and achievements of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in deepening quality nursing service and enhancing patients’ sense of acquisition.

First, the general situation of hospitals and nursing work

Peking Union Medical College Hospital is the national guidance center for the diagnosis and treatment of difficult and severe diseases designated by the National Health and Wellness Committee. It has been ranked first in the "Best Hospital Ranking in China" published by the Institute of Hospital Management of Fudan University for eight consecutive years. In another three years, Peking Union Medical College Hospital will celebrate its centenary birthday. Under the cordial care of the party and the country, it will improve patient satisfaction by "treating patients like relatives; Under the guidance of the concept of "treating colleagues like family members and improving employee well-being", the hospital continues to develop at a high speed. Now there are 2,005 open beds with a total construction area of 530,000 square meters. In 2017, there were 3.7 million outpatient visits, 99,000 hospitalizations and 52,000 surgeries, with an average hospitalization day of 6.7 days.

Nurses are the backbone of hospital development and construction. There are 1806 nurses in the hospital, including 1775 front-line nurses, accounting for 98.3%; Bed protection ratio is 1: 0.9; Nurses with bachelor degree or above accounted for 72.8%. Xiehe Nursing has established a good reputation in the hearts of ordinary people, ranking among the best in all previous national and Beijing third-party patient satisfaction surveys, and won the honors of National March 8th Red Flag Group, Women’s Civilized Post, and "National Excellent Nursing Service Outstanding Performance Group", and won the Top Ten Value Cases of Nursing in the National Challenge Competition of Medical Service Improvement Action Plan for three consecutive years.

Second, do a good job in top-level design, and continue to promote the power of the whole hospital.

In 2010, the hospital took the lead in developing high-quality nursing service in the whole country. Dean Zhao Yupei attached great importance to this work, and always listed it as a "top-ranking project", and established a cooperative communication mechanism among various departments to solve the difficulties and problems in nursing work. Continue to exert strength in all aspects such as people and property. In recent five years, more than 400 new nurses recruited by our hospital have all been assigned to the clinical front line, and nearly 400 nurses have been employed by the hospital to assist nurses, and the logistics support system has been continuously improved and perfected, such as visit management, field service, equipment inspection, drug delivery, etc., all of which are undertaken by the logistics support system, so that nurses can devote themselves to clinical work wholeheartedly. Continuously improve nurses’ welfare benefits, increase the inclination in performance bonus and night shift fee, set up three types of special performance allowances for nursing, implement paid vacation system, provide dormitories for nurses outside Beijing and suburban counties, actively apply for public rental housing for young people and study and study opportunities abroad, etc., and increase nurses’ happiness.

According to the principle of "top-level design is unified with batch promotion, and tradition is unified with reform and innovation", high-quality nursing service is promoted efficiently. In 2011, 100% ward coverage of quality care was achieved; In 2012, the hospital coverage of ward-outpatient-auxiliary departments was realized; After 2013, we will continue to consolidate and improve, focusing on the post management, personnel training and quantitative assessment of nurses, so as to continuously improve the nursing service ability and refined management level.

Third, continuously improve the service level and increase the people’s sense of gain.

Advocate the service concept of "six ones and six haves" in the whole hospital, carry out the theme activities of "cleaning and quietness" to optimize the medical environment and the activities of changing nurses’ "four hearts", and strengthen the detailed service and humanistic care, such as implementing the responsibility system of first inquiry in outpatient department, seeing doctors in different periods, carrying out voluntary service and setting up special windows for the elderly to facilitate patients to see a doctor. The emergency department took the lead in establishing five-level triage standards, red card procedures for emergencies, and evaluation standards for the transfer of critically ill patients, and opened green channels for multiple diseases to ensure priority treatment for critically ill patients. Wards, operating rooms, etc. fully implement the responsibility system of holistic nursing, establish a one-to-one relationship between nurses and patients, and realize the whole process and seamless nursing of patients from admission, hospitalization, surgery and discharge. Enrich health education and expand extended nursing. Disseminate health knowledge to patients and the public through diversified propaganda manuals, videos, WeChat official account, health lecture halls and popular science lectures; 100% wards have carried out continuous nursing services with distinctive specialties, including telephone or APP follow-up, patients’ meeting, etc., so that the nursing objectives of "close to patients, close to clinic and close to society" can be fully implemented in Xiehe.

Fourth, continuously optimize the quality of nursing and increase the trust of the masses.

Taking system construction as the center to ensure nursing quality and safety. Xiehe Nursing has established a set of nursing system that meets the requirements of modern hospital management characteristics, and this achievement won the first prize of 2017 Hospital Science and Technology Innovation Award of China Hospital Association. Among them, the core safety management systems such as Clinical Nursing Routine and Quality and Safety System require every nurse to master them skillfully and strictly implement them to ensure standardization and homogenization of work. Focusing on the construction of specialized subject, creating excellent nursing quality. As a national center for diagnosis and treatment of difficult and severe diseases and the first batch of national key clinical nursing specialty projects, Concord has continuously improved the nursing level of difficult and severe patients. In recent five years, a total of 187 nurses have been sent abroad for further study, and more than 300 specialized nurses have been trained in 17 specialties or special technical fields to be responsible for the nursing and consultation of difficult and severe patients in the hospital. Nine specialized nursing teams have been set up, and more than 600 specialized nursing backbones have been trained. They are based on clinical practice and go deep into the community, which has promoted the nursing level of hospitals and regions. Eight specialized nursing clinics were opened to provide patients with professional consultation and specialized treatment. In 2017, in order to accurately meet the national second child opening policy, breast-feeding clinics and female pelvic floor rehabilitation clinics were newly opened, serving 9,937 pregnant women in 2017 alone. At present, the nursing level of seven specialties in Concord has reached or exceeded the domestic or international advanced level. Through the formulation of standards, norms and consensus, the quality of nursing in China will be promoted.For example, our hospital has taken the lead in formulating the Technical Operation Standard of Intravenous Therapy and Nursing, the Consensus of Hospital Transport Nursing for Critical Patients, and the Consensus of Nursing Experts on Common Complications of Bedridden Patients, which has fully played the role of radiation and driving of Concord.

The party, the government and the masses have given many honors to Concord and Concord Nursing, which we cherish all the more. Standing in the new era, Concord will base itself on the new needs of the people, constantly explore and innovate, strive to provide better all-round and life-cycle nursing services for the people, and make new and greater contributions to realizing the grand blueprint of healthy China. thank you

Liu Zhefeng:

Thank you, Director Wu. That’s all for the release session, followed by the question session. As usual, please inform your media before asking questions.

Health News reporter:

My question is that nurses are playing an increasingly important role in nursing work under the new situation of implementing the healthy China strategy and actively coping with the aging population in China. May I ask Director Jiao, what are the plans of the National Health and Wellness Committee in accelerating the development of aged care and aged care?

Jiao Yahui:

Thank you for your question. At present, we are facing a great challenge, that is, the problem of aging population. In China, according to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, there are about 240 million elderly people over 60 and 160 million elderly people over 65, and some of them are disabled and semi-disabled. If families have such disabled and semi-disabled elderly people, the burden is very heavy for families. On the one hand, it is an economic burden. In fact, the greater burden is to care for these elderly people.

The National Health and Wellness Committee will start with solving the most urgent medical care problem for the elderly and is studying relevant policies. In the next step, on the one hand, we will continue to consolidate the achievements made in nursing, implement the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for nursing, continue to strengthen the construction of nurses, expand quality nursing services, and gradually meet the health needs of patients. Although the number of nurses in China has reached 3.8 million at present, the gap between supply and demand is still relatively large, and the contradiction between unbalanced and insufficient development and social needs is more prominent in the nursing field. Therefore, the next step is to do a good job in elderly care and elderly care, focusing on solving several problems. One is to solve the problem of who will take care of it. According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", by 2020, the number of nurses in China will reach 4.5 million. Now we also propose to extend nursing services from hospitals to communities and families. On the one hand, we should vigorously develop the number of nurses, on the other hand, we should vigorously strengthen the team building of elderly nurses. Therefore, to develop medical care for the elderly, we must first solve the problem of who takes care of it.

Second, we need to solve the problem of who to take care of. We now have 240 million elderly people aged 60, including health of the elderly, some elderly people with chronic diseases, and disabled and semi-disabled elderly people. We are formulating standards for the evaluation of elderly care. Just now, Director Wen also introduced that evaluation standards have been issued in many places, that is, whether the elderly can take care of themselves, whether they can take care of themselves in part or not, and they need to be evaluated. Through evaluation, it is decided whether these elderly people need institutional care. In this different way, he may pay through different channels. In medical institutions, he may need to be paid by medical insurance, and some in institutions or communities may be paid by long-term care insurance. There are also some ways to solve the problem of paying part of the expenses at home by developing commercial insurance models. This is to solve the problem of who to care for.

The third is to solve the problem of taking care of there. At present, some elderly people in the country are receiving rehabilitation in medical institutions, as well as nursing care for chronic diseases, as well as some nursing centers, nursing homes and nursing stations. There are also many elderly people receiving some medical care here, and there are also some nursing homes. Another policy that we are vigorously promoting is the well-known combination of medical care and nursing care. Some elderly people are in old-age care institutions, and we encourage old-age care institutions to set up some medical institutions to solve the problem of combining medical care and nursing care. In addition, our primary medical and health institutions and our community health service centers provide community care and home care for the elderly by signing contracts, setting up family beds and providing on-site services. There are also some elderly people who need our standardized and trained nursing staff to provide some home care services at home. Judging from the national conditions of our country, institutional care is not our main direction. In the future, the main body and main mode of care for these elderly people should be the community and family, especially in the community. Now many places are exploring mutual support for the elderly. In cities, there are such concentrated apartments and communities for the elderly, and in rural areas, there are "happy homes" for the elderly as promoted by civil affairs departments, as well as mutual support for the elderly. In the vicinity of village clinics, village doctors provide daily health services. This is the solution.

The fourth is to solve the problem of who will pay for the care, that is, to raise funds. We know that when it comes to long-term medical care, learning from the experience of other countries, such as Japan, has done a very good job in this regard. Besides medical insurance, there is also long-term care insurance, which is to solve the problem of long-term medical care for the elderly in Japan. Our country is led by the human and social departments, and some cities in the country are also selected to do the pilot project of long-term care insurance, which solves the problem of long-term medical care cost burden to some extent. Of course, the mode of each place and the channels for raising funds are not exactly the same.

Besides long-term care insurance, we also think that commercial insurance should be vigorously developed in China, which is also a very important source of financing. Through some commercial insurance companies, insurance products for long-term care and care of the elderly can be developed to play a supplementary role. So I think, in the next step, we should focus on solving these four problems in medical care for the elderly. Now we are also actively studying relevant policies, and we are also preparing to work with relevant departments to formulate relevant guiding documents, so as to vigorously promote the solution of our elderly medical care problems in the next step. Thank you.

Xinhua News Agency reporter:

My question is for Director Wu Xinjuan. Excuse me, from the perspective of your own work, what role do you think nursing can play in ensuring the health service of ordinary people throughout their life cycle? What do you think of Peking Union Medical College Hospital’s fine and professional management of nursing team? Thank you.

Wu Xinjuan:

It should be said that nurses are the closest group to patients, and the whole process of human birth, aging, illness and death is inseparable from nurses. Therefore, the level of care is good or bad, which directly affects the patient’s safety and medical experience. In the life-cycle health service of the people, it should be said that nurses are indispensable. With the arrival of China’s aging society and the change of disease spectrum, nursing is expanding both in connotation and extension. In order to improve the nursing level, I think we should do it from two aspects: first, improve the service level; The second is to improve professional ability. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of nursing connotation and the training of nurses themselves, to provide patients with warm care, and to improve the professional and technical level of nurses. At present, China has trained many specialized nurses, who have played a very important role in solving difficult and serious problems.

In addition, there are more and more chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, and the incidence rate is getting higher and higher. Therefore, nurses should also play an important role in popular science propaganda and health education. Yesterday, the Chinese Nursing Association held a celebration meeting for the International Nurses’ Day, which was also the launching ceremony for the popularization of health science in China. More than 3.8 million nurses in China should be very good propagandists of health science. In the past, nursing service was disease-centered, but now it is going to be human health-centered. To make the public healthier, it is very important to do a good job in disease prevention and develop a healthy lifestyle. In the hospital, we provide health education for patients at all stages, such as health guidance before operation, after operation and before and after discharge. In addition, various forms of continuing nursing services have been carried out, because many patients have not fully recovered when they leave the hospital. In this case, the guidance of nurses needs to be extended to families or referral medical institutions, thus reducing the rate of re-visit after discharge.

On the other hand, it is how to sink the quality nursing service resources. Large hospitals should play a very good role in transferring advanced concepts and technologies to primary medical institutions. At present, we have also carried out a series of work such as aiding Xinjiang, Tibet and Mongolia, and carried out accurate assistance according to the needs of grassroots and remote areas. At the same time, as a national training base, Peking Union Medical College Hospital trains more than 800 advanced nurses for the whole country every year, which plays a very good role in promoting radiation. I also hope that through our efforts, we can jointly promote the construction of a healthy China. Thank you.

Liu Zhefeng:

Thank you, Director Wu. Please keep asking questions.

Reporter of the People’s Political Consultative Conference:

My question is for Director Wen in Shanghai. When you introduced the materials just now, you said that from the end of 2016, our nursing work and high-quality nursing resources in Shanghai began to tilt to the grassroots. What effect has it achieved now? What is the original intention of our work? Thank you.

Wen Daxiang:

Thank you for your question. With the aging of the population, chronic diseases are on the rise. Grassroots medical and health institutions should play a more important role in chronic care, disease rehabilitation, home care and pre-hospital first aid. Therefore, in order to continuously and deeply promote high-quality nursing, implement the requirements of graded diagnosis and treatment, and further improve the service capacity of primary care in Shanghai, from the end of 2016, we have actively explored the sinking and radiation of high-quality nursing resources in tertiary hospitals to primary care, with the main purpose of improving the overall service capacity of primary care. There are various forms. At present, we help and drive primary medical and health institutions to improve their nursing service capabilities, including nursing management capabilities and clinical nursing technical service capabilities, through professional skills training, thematic nursing rounds, consultation with suspected and particularly difficult nursing experts, clinical nursing and advanced nursing management, etc., and gradually hope that primary nursing capabilities and our hospitals at the next higher level will develop in the same direction.

From the work that has been carried out and some achievements have been made, I will introduce them to you through some data. In 2017, Shanghai tertiary hospitals organized 169 special trainings, with nearly 7,000 primary nursing staff trained and 91 community nursing rounds, with more than 1,000 participants. In addition, 214 nursing consultations were organized and 240 nurses from community health service centers were accepted. Through these specific practices, the sinking of high-quality nursing resources in tertiary hospitals has been effectively realized, the core competence of nursing professional care in primary medical and health institutions has been enhanced, and the balance of medical and nursing resources utilization has been promoted, so that elderly patients and chronic patients can get high-quality and continuous nursing care.

At the end of 2017, Shanghai put forward the implementation opinions on strengthening the construction of medical complexes in this city. In the next step, through the construction of medical complexes, including the construction of regional medical centers and the construction of specialist alliances, the focus of nursing disciplines will be included in the construction of these medical complexes, so as to promote the further sinking of high-quality resources and play a better role in radiation. Thank you.

Liu Zhefeng:

Thank you, director Wen. Due to time, today’s press conference is over. Thank you.

Liu Dafei, a nurse in leprosy village: the patient’s spiritual guardian

When it comes to nurses, many people think of angels in white who is running around the hospital. They are kind, meticulous and considerate. However, some angels in white are active in the mountains and forests, covered in white and dusty. In the "leprosy village", which many people avoid, they are not afraid of being dirty and tired. They can not only help patients resist the disease, but also be guardians of their hearts, blocking other people’s strange eyes for them, helping them regain their confidence and lead a normal life.

Liu Dafei, head nurse of Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute in Yiyang City, is such a nurse. She serves the physically and mentally injured patients in the remote corner of Yiyang, Hunan Province, not only guarding their physical and mental health, but also serving them tea and water, washing and cooking, which has become their dependence. Day after day, year after year, the best 26 years of life, Liu Dafei spent on leprosy patients in Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute of Yiyang City, and she interpreted Nightingale’s oath with every move. Now that people are middle-aged, she said that the most romantic thing may be to grow old with these leprosy patients.

Leprosy has a gloomy history in China for thousands of years. Leprosy patients are always facing great pressure from the fear of it in ancient times to the discrimination against it in modern times. Liu Dafei’s father is a doctor in the leprosy village. Influenced by him, Liu Dafei has a natural affinity for leprosy patients since childhood. When others are complaining about the horror of leprosy patients, she follows her father and watches him treat the patients. When there are not enough hands, she can help a little. When she comes back from school, she will chat and play games with leprosy patients.

Zhou Youchu was the first patient that Liu Dafei came into contact with after work. His patients called him "leprosy" because he was the oldest old man in hospital, with deformed hands, feet and face, especially foot ulcers. Liu Dafei, who just joined the work, accepted this arduous task with enthusiasm. She made a special nursing plan for Zhou Youchu, cleaning and applying medicine to him every day, explaining the common sense of leprosy and the attention of daily life … After a year of careful nursing by Liu Dafei, Zhou Youchu’s condition was controlled.

Guo Dengzhou wandered to Hunan in 1971 and lived in Liu Dafei’s leprosy village for 40 years. In 2013, Guo Dengzhou had another heart attack, and his long-cherished wish of going back to his hometown in Guizhou was almost impossible to realize because of his status as a leper. After Liu Dafei learned about it, he made many efforts. She has contacted relevant parties in Guizhou and Hunan Satellite TV public channel "Helping Girls" column group and other parties. In March 2013, with the efforts of Liu Dafei, Guo Dengzhou finally returned to his hometown in Guizhou. Surprisingly, Guo Dengzhou’s family avoided seeing it. Liu Dafei helped to communicate many times, explained the characteristics of leprosy, and eliminated the panic psychology. Then he talked about Guo Dengzhou’s homesickness and moved with emotion. After more than 20 conversations and persuasion, Guo Dengzhou finally reunited with his relatives and fulfilled his wish. However, during Liu Dafei’s stay in Guizhou, her father suddenly became seriously ill and wanted her to go back quickly. Liu Dafei is thinking about going back after Guo Dengzhou’s business is over. Unexpectedly, his father died suddenly, and Liu Dafei failed to make the final journey. "As a daughter, I am really unfilial, but I think my father will forgive me because he understands my feelings for leprosy patients." Liu Dafei said.

Liu Dafei’s leprosy village has a group of leprosy patients with an average age of 62, and she regards them as family from the bottom of her heart. Liu Dafei has a small notebook, which records the preferences of patients. When she goes out, she always tries to bring something back. She knows the patient’s clothes by heart. Every New Year’s Eve, she will accompany people in leprosy village to have a reunion dinner. "Here comes the flying girl!" Every time, as soon as Liu Dafei entered the ward, the patients gathered around to say hello. In the past 26 years, Liu Dafei has cared for hundreds of people, and he has never shouted bitterness and tiredness.

As a professional nurse, patience and enthusiasm are not enough, but also excellent professional skills. After work, she often taught herself, encountered clinical problems and consulted doctors and other colleagues many times. Sometimes, for an ulcer patient who has been cured for a long time, she even went to the library of Yiyang City by car for several hours to inquire about relevant literature.

Liu Dafei knows that many misfortunes and experiences of leprosy patients are caused by the dual factors of disease and prejudice. As a nurse, she has a more important mission-to eliminate social discrimination against leprosy patients. Over the years, she has also been practicing.

Dafu Dermatosis Prevention and Treatment Institute, where Liu Dafei is located, is the only unit in Hunan Province where medical staff and leprosy patients work and live in the same hospital. In order to eliminate discrimination, she often takes her colleagues to the nearby people’s homes to carry out popular science and hold lectures on leprosy prevention and treatment in various towns and villages in Yiyang City. She also took the patient’s hand for a walk on the road, ate with them at the same table, and settled her home in the leprosy village. "It will not take a day or two to eliminate people’s discrimination, but I believe it will always be effective." Liu Dafei said. Once, she wanted sick people to visit Shaoshan, but she didn’t expect a lot of resistance. As soon as the driver heard that he was a leper, he refused to take the bus. The refusal of the innkeeper was more direct, and he hung up the phone with a sentence "Don’t hurt me". The more so, the more Liu Dafei feels that he should take them out, because it is also a good opportunity to eliminate discrimination. After many contacts, she finally got her wish. After arriving in Shaoshan, she held hands, ate and slept with leprosy patients, whether in scenic spots or restaurants. "I know that many people must be watching me. I just want to tell them that leprosy is not terrible."

Under her influence, the people in the village began to take the initiative to contact leprosy patients, and they would also take the initiative to invite patients to have tea at home. What is more gratifying is that many people in the village have married leprosy patients and have healthy children. The courtyard of leprosy village used to be forbidden in the eyes of villagers, but now it has become the most lively place for square dance nearby. In addition, college student volunteers visit leprosy patients in leprosy village every year, play games and chat with them, bring snacks they haven’t eaten, and help them cook and clean up.

Is the postgraduate mathematics now "leaking questions" and "betting questions"? The Ministry of Education and other three parties responded to questions from netizens.

  CCTV News:Last weekend, the unified national postgraduate entrance examination in 2018 ended, but a news that "there was a god-backed question in the mathematics subject examination" aroused public concern, and netizens questioned the leakage of questions. On 26th, a number of netizens posted a message to Weibo, saying that the example given by a teacher in the video of the pre-test bet was very similar to the actual test questions, and pointed out that the hit rate of the teacher’s bet was as high as 80%. Some netizens said, "It’s great to bet on several questions every year, but the teacher bet on the original title of the big question of" linear algebra "and the original title of the proof question, and even guessed the" second-order differential "of the super-class, and repeatedly emphasized it." At the regular press conference held by the Ministry of Education on the 27th, the spokesman of the Ministry of Education responded to this matter.

  Ministry of Education: The "disclosure" of mathematics for postgraduate entrance examination is not true.

  The Examination Center of the Ministry of Education responded by saying that after organizing relevant experts to judge the video and other materials, the examples cited in the video are different from the actual exam questions, and neither the teacher nor the teacher mentioned in the video participated in the 2018 postgraduate entrance examination. Subject proposition work. The relevant person in charge of the examination center of the Ministry of Education said that any behavior that interferes with and destroys the national education examination, once verified, will be dealt with seriously according to the law and regulations, and will never be tolerated.

  Teachers involved: the online speech is not true.

  Teachers involved in the event of leaking questions for postgraduate entrance examination — — Li Lin, a teacher at Dalian University of Technology, issued a statement on the 27th, saying that he has been involved in postgraduate counseling since 2005. He has repeatedly mentioned the second-order difference and hypothesis testing mentioned on the Internet in many years’ test counseling. Some people on the Internet pointed out that the topic with high similarity to the real questions of this year’s postgraduate entrance examination has been talked about in social postgraduate institutions for many years, not just this year. He has not participated in the postgraduate entrance examination proposition over the years, nor has he participated in the formulation of the postgraduate entrance examination outline, and the related comments on the Internet are not true.

  Teachers are not allowed to participate in postgraduate counseling.

  On 26th, Dalian University of Technology, the school where the teachers involved are located, also issued a statement in the official Weibo, saying that the school clearly stipulated in the Notice on Prohibiting Holding Postgraduate Tutorial Classes that teachers should not participate in postgraduate counseling activities in any form, including social postgraduate counseling activities. The school will seriously deal with the behavior of teacher Li Lin involved in social postgraduate counseling activities, and the results will be announced to the public in time. "

Interview | Rating 3.4, What happened to the Guo Caijie version of "Xibao"?


Special feature of 1905 film network 3.4 points!This is the score of Guo Caijie Edition on Douban. The one-star bad review reached 56.6%, which once again confirmed the sentence: "Yi Shu is hard to shoot!"


 

The box office of the film is also mediocre, with only 50 million yuan in the four days of release.In that play, "Xibao", which requires a lot of money and a lot of love, obviously failed to do so outside the play.


 

The netizen commented: "Everyone who plays Guo Caijie is Gu Li." "The whole film is a TV drama texture shot by the model room and the wedding dress base."Guo Caijie’s role as "Xibao" has been questioned since the official announcement. The scriptwriter’s "magic change" and rough service to the original work have even aroused the collective condemnation of book fans and fans.



It’s been 41 years since the publication of "Xibao" in 1979. What kind of attitude should this story of "forgetting the past year" between a female college student and a wealthy businessman in his twilight years be "revived"? How can Guo Caijie get rid of the lingering "Gu Li" label?


happyWho is Bao?

 

"I always hope to get a lot of love. If there is no love, a lot of money is good. "As Yi Shu’s masterpiece, Xibao tells the story of a 21-year-old Cambridge Law Department who was born in a slight cold, was studying Ginger Xibao, and happened to meet a rich man who was over 60 years old, then entered a rich family and completely changed his life.

 

The frequently quoted "quotation" above is the concentrated expression of the contradiction of "Xibao". This is a fairy tale about love and bread, dignity and material desire.Two sentences in the novel can sum up Xibao’s view of love and the way to survive:


"If someone says he loves me, I won’t be a little more happy unless his love can be discounted."


"I came to the society with my bare hands. If I don’t step on people, people will step on me."


Just as Xu Cunzi described the 21-year-old girl in front of her with two words when she first saw Xibao: "cruel" and "practical".This is the background color of the characters belonging to Xibao. It is this undisguised frankness and weed-like vitality that arouses the desire for love and conquest.


But Xibao is by no means a gold digger in the traditional sense. On the one hand, she is high flyers from the Law Department of Cambridge University. She longed to be an independent woman, but was forced by reality to achieve it in a twisted way of attaching to men.


On the other hand, in her description of the ideal, love is always higher than money, but repeated injuries have made her realize that money is more secure than feelings.


Being arrogant and inferior, worshipping money and hating wealth, being sober and blind, this is the contradiction of Xibao and her tragedy. It can be said that Xibao’s life is a tragedy brewed by family of origin and the social environment.

 

Family of origin needless to say. Xibao’s father has been absent for a long time, and his mother has been tossing and turning between daily necessities and various men for a living. This fate of lack of money and love is exactly what Xibao tried to escape all his life.


 

At the same time, Xibao’s values are also the epitome of Hong Kong society at that time: the economy is rapidly taking off, the class differentiation is intensified, and the envy of wealth and the desire for class promotion are Xibao, which is also the synaesthesia of everyone in the "money society".Therefore, for Xibao, any adaptation that leaves the background of time and space and abandons the complexity of characters is doomed to failure. This is the "original sin" of the current edition of Xibao.

 

The setting of the film in time and space is ambiguous. The costumes and shapes of the protagonists are sometimes retro and sometimes modern. There are old household appliances and classic cars in the props, but the background is the general decoration style of new Chinese model houses and the urban landscape mixed with history and modernity.

 

Perhaps the main creation is deliberately blurring the time and space background of the film, but it is followed by a completely overhead sense of suspension and an affectation of stressing and worrying about adding new words.


Let’s talk about Xibao’s personnel. Since the official announcement, the voice of "Guo Caijie is not suitable for Xibao" has been heard. The main reason is that Guo Caijie is not a metropolis girl with big breasts and full of feminine charm as described by Yi Shu, and she lacks the unique shrewdness and pride of Xibao.

 

However, judging from the film, the biggest problem of Guo Caijie version of Xibao is not only its shape and temperament, but its contradiction and complexity.

 

In the original work, Xibao analyzed his feelings about Xu Cunzi like this: "At the beginning, for money, for safety, for ambition; Later, for shame, for hate, for revenge; Up to now, Mr. Xu, please don’t laugh at me. Now it’s for love. I love you. "


From "for money" to "for love", Xibao experienced complex psychological entanglements. This unsolved contradiction between reality and ideal, material desire and emotion is the cruelty of this story and the most touching place of Xibao.

 

However, in the movie, Xibao’s persona was simplified to a girl named Marisu who lacked love since childhood and sought emotional sustenance from a rich man over forty years older. At the end, Xibao gave up all her wealth to find her own choice, without any logical support.


It is true that since the publication of the novel, some people have questioned the "three incorrect views" in "Xibao", and many values in Yi Shu’s novels really seem out of place at present.But we can’t help asking, is it really necessary to create a Jiang Xibao who wants nothing but love? onceappearanceWhy should an all-African adaptation be branded as Yi Shu and Xibao?


 Who’s Guo Caijie?

 

"Who is Guo Caijie?" The answer to this question can be the sweet and lovely "Yogurt Girl" on the album cover, the fresh and smart Susie in the movie, or the little neon who dares to love and hate in Love.But more viewers will subconsciously think of it.Gu Li, a character who has been with Guo Caijie since 2013.


Even, Guo Caijie’s acting career can be divided into "pre-Gu Li era and post Gu Li era" with Tiny Times as the boundary.Guo Caijie in the "pre-Guri era" is a pure and lovely "Yogurt girl" with an innate sweet appearance and baby sounds, and the record company naturally packaged her as a fresh and lovely girl next door.

Guo Caijie’s Invisible Superman MV(2007)

 

In the TV series "Invincible Sambo Girl" and the film debut "One Page of Taipei", Guo Caijie is also repeating the "Water Girl" over and over again.

 

On the surface, Guo Caijie tried to cater to the expectations of the market and the public, but his heart was full of entanglements. "I didn’t know anything at first, all I could do was meet the expectations of others. Do you think that the female college students who just graduated are too far away from taking the guitar,’ OK, then I don’t want to take the guitar’, and you need a lovely role,’ OK, I will do my best to be cute’. "


Starting from Xiao Ni in Love, Guo Caijie began to try a more powerful character.In the film, Xiao Ni’s sentence "Just because I’m not so great, I don’t deserve to love, don’t I deserve to be loved?" Poke a lot of people’s tears, but also causedJing M.GuoAttention. He urged Guo Caijie to play Gu Li, the overbearing and powerful queen of Leng Yan in the novel.



Like Xibao, when it was just announced that Guo Caijie would play Gu Li, public opinion was also full of doubts.Guo Caijie also admitted that she was seventy percent different from Gu Li’s personality, but it happened that the indomitable tenacity in her bones was exactly the same, and it was this stubborn strength that made her resist criticism and play "live" Gu Li.


Unexpectedly, it is this controversial role that makes Guo Caijie truly familiar to mainland audiences, and it has also become a role label that she can’t erase.Many people say that being a singer can show yourself better, but Guo Caijie admits that when singing, he is like "playing a singer", but in acting, he can release himself more and project his personality into different characters.

 

For example, Gu Li is the "sharp" side of her personality. In three years and four "Tiny Times" and the process of constantly running in with Gu Li, Guo Caijie also gradually excavated the confident and strong side of his personality.


This time, Xibao also has a lot in common with herself.When Guo Caijie was 12 years old, her mother died in childbirth, which made her learn to be independent and take care of her family early. "I grew up in a single-parent family, and my family background is similar to that of Xibao. I have a strong sense of economic independence since I was a child." Guo Caijie said so.

Under the gentle and soft appearance, Guo Caijie hides a strong and pragmatic side, and that strong "ambition and ambition" has a strong resonance with Xibao.As she once said, when she was a child, she secretly vowed: "I must be a very successful woman in the future."


From One Page of Taipei and Tiny Times to marching into the mainland and challenging the era dramas Great Expectations and Xibao, we can easily see Guo Caijie’s "ambition" to break through all the way. However, from the real success, she still lacks some chances and the vision of choosing a script.

 

As it happens, just today, Guo Caijie’s other new play "Beijing is 9 to 5" officially announced that it will be finalized on December 24th.Perhaps, the change is in the "next part".


How to check the remaining traffic by mobile phone?

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Whether browsing the web, watching videos or using social media, you need to consume traffic. Therefore, it is particularly important to know how to check the remaining traffic of mobile phones. Here are some common ways to help you easily grasp the traffic usage.

* * 1. Inquire through the official APP of the operator * *

Most mobile phone operators provide official apps, where users can easily check the remaining traffic. First, make sure that you have downloaded and installed the corresponding operator’s APP. Then, open the APP and log in to your account, usually on the home page or "My" page, you can find the traffic query function. This method is not only convenient and fast, but also can update the traffic usage in real time, so that you can keep abreast of the traffic dynamics at any time.

* * Second, use the mobile phone system to set the query * *

In addition to the operator APP, most smartphones also have a built-in traffic query function. You can find options such as "mobile network" or "SIM card and traffic management" in the "Settings" of your mobile phone, and you can see the traffic usage of the current package after entering. Some mobile phones also support setting traffic warnings and restrictions, which will automatically remind you when the traffic is close to or reaches the upper limit to avoid additional charges.

* * Third, call the operator’s customer service phone to inquire * *

If you are not used to using APP or mobile phone system to set query traffic, you can also call the operator’s customer service phone directly. After the connection, choose the corresponding service option according to the voice prompt, and there will usually be a special traffic inquiry service. The customer service staff will inform you of the current traffic usage and may provide other relevant service information.

* * IV. Send SMS for inquiry * *

Some operators also support sending short messages to check the remaining traffic. You can enter a specific query code (such as "CXLL") in the SMS editing interface, and then send it to the query number provided by the operator. Wait a moment, and you will receive a short message reply containing the current traffic usage.

To sum up, there are many ways to check the remaining traffic of your mobile phone, so you can choose the one that suits you best according to your preferences and habits. Either way, it can help you know the traffic usage in time and avoid unnecessary traffic waste and extra expenses.

Give employees a raise first! Pangdonglai revolutionized BBK, the leading supermarket in Hunan, and 68-year-old Yu Donglai became an "addict" as a mentor.

  Can BBK, which is surrounded by "flow", get out of the business dilemma?

  Yu Donglai, 68, became the "mentor" of Wang Bu, the founder of BBK, a local supermarket in Hunan.

  This is a helping and reforming plan led by Fat Donglai, a Henan Shangchao enterprise. It will systematically adjust BBK in terms of employee salary, working hours, store planning, product reorganization, supply chain, price optimization and service improvement, and transform 2-3 BBK supermarket stores in 2-3 months.

  Pangdonglai and BBK are well-known local supermarkets, and the founders of the two companies, Yu Donglai and Wang Tian, both embarked on the road of entrepreneurship in 1995. However, due to the different development routes chosen-Yu Donglai stuck to the local area of Henan, and Wangtian expanded abroad early, after nearly 30 years of establishment, the two enterprises have reached their respective present situations.

  At the same time that Fat Donglai started "helping", the reorganization of BBK made progress. Chengdu Baitu Youni Culture Communication Co., Ltd. and China Foreign Economic and Trade Trust Co., Ltd. (together with its industrial partner Sinochem Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd.) were confirmed as the successful industrial investors in the reorganization.

  Among them, Baitu Group, with "Red Man Economy+Brand Empowerment" as the core, has hatched kol with goods such as "Luo Wangyu" and "Zhang Xixi", and once put three sheep and worry-free media on the comprehensive strength monthly list of Tik Tok e-commerce MCN institutions.

  Can BBK, which is surrounded by "flow", get out of the business dilemma?

  Step by step to the left, fat east to the right.

  Despite the influence of external environment, most traditional supermarkets in China have been paying for the rapid expansion in the past two years, and BBK is no exception.

  In March 1995, Wang Tian and his wife Zhang Haixia established Xiangtan BBK Food Company, and the company’s first mass-market store was officially opened in Xiangtan in the same year. In 2001, BBK opened a 28,000-square-meter comprehensive shopping plaza in Xiangtan, and has since embarked on the fast lane of development; In 2002, the number of BBK stores reached 27, and its annual sales exceeded 1 billion yuan, making it the largest chain enterprise in Hunan. In 2008, BBK was listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, becoming "the first private supermarket in China", with more than 300 stores in its heyday.

  Time has changed. Due to the rise of online retail and new retail formats, domestic hypermarket formats have declined in recent years. After losing money for two consecutive years and closing several stores, BBK started the reorganization process on October 26, 2023. As of April 6, 2024, a total of 13 investors have paid deposits, of which 10 investors have submitted restructuring investment plans. In addition to industrial investors, the recruitment of BBK financial investors is also in progress.

  While promoting restructuring and solving the problem of supplier funds, BBK began to promote the restart of supermarket stores from the fourth quarter of last year. "As of March 2024, BBK had restarted 83 supermarket stores in Hunan and Guangxi." BBK told Time Finance.

  Unlike Wang’s early expansion route, Yu Donglai doesn’t seem to have much "ambition" for scale.

  In 2002, after operating a tobacco and alcohol company for five years, Yu Donglai opened the first Pangdonglai Life Plaza in Xuchang, Henan; In 2005, Fat Donglai first expanded to Xinxiang, and "Xinxiang Fat Donglai Department Store" opened. By the end of 2023, there were only 13 stores in Pangdonglai, and they always stuck to Xuchang and Xinxiang.

  In the early days, it also tried to spread the layout. More than ten years ago, Pangdonglai opened some small supermarkets on the basis of big stores in Xuchang and Xinxiang. However, since 2012, Fat Donglai has successively shut down more than a dozen small shops in Xuchang Street. In 2013, Yu Donglai said in Weibo that Xinxiang Pangdonglai Store closed after the property contract expired, and attributed it to the internal strategic adjustment of the enterprise. "The scale of the enterprise was reduced because the current management ability could not be reached."

  Fat Donglai, who lives in a corner, was not high-profile in the past. It was not until 2020 that he donated 50 million yuan to fight the epidemic in Wuhan that he began to be known to the public. In the early years, Lei Jun and Ma Yun also visited Fat Donglai. In Lei Jun’s mouth, Fat Donglai is "the existence of China retail industry", and Ma Yun also said that "Fat Donglai is a mirror, which can show the shortcomings of other enterprises".

  "Explosive reform" step by step, starting with salary increase

  Stepping on the rapid expansion of the "thunder", the former "first share of private supermarkets" had to put down their posture and accept guidance from their peers.

  Their interaction can also be traced. On December 12, 2023, at the invitation of Wang Tian, the chairman of BBK, Yu Donglai visited BBK, and successively visited BBK stores in Changsha and Xiangtan, and gave on-the-spot guidance. In April this year, Fat Donglai sent a team of 20 executives to Changsha to help BBK.

  Specifically, BBK will combine the corporate culture and business strategy of Pangdonglai, and plan to make systematic adjustments in terms of employee salary, working hours, store planning, product reorganization, supply chain, price optimization, service improvement, etc., giving priority to building a sample of Pangdonglai-style stores in Changsha, and transforming 2-3 BBK supermarket stores in 2-3 months. The remaining BBK stores will also refer to the sample stores, which will be comprehensively transformed by the BBK team.

  This is not the first time that Fat Donglai has helped his peers. In July, 2023, it organized a team including purchasing, operation, stores, finance and other business sectors, and combined with a main team of pro-fresh-keeping department to carry out the reform of Gabrielle, a local supermarket in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, and adopted six measures: increasing employees’ salary, shortening business hours, adjusting store layout, optimizing product quality, improving fresh-keeping ability and restoring customers’ trust.

  According to the report of Lianshang. com, after one month’s adjustment and reform, the sales of Gabrielle Wanli Store were 400,000-450,000 yuan on weekdays and exceeded 500,000 yuan on weekends. The average daily sales of Gabrielle Henderson Store increased from 125,000 yuan to 220,000 yuan a week after the reform, and it reached 250,000 yuan at the weekend.

  Shen Hongli, general manager of Pangdonglai Supermarket, and Jia Jianquan, a pro-chairman of Qinghai, are the principal and deputy commanders of the transfer of Gabrielle. This assistance to BBK is also led by two people, and David Xu, general manager of fresh food in Pangdonglai Supermarket, is the executive director.

  Judging from the adjustment and reform measures carried out by BBK, it is similar to the direction of Gabrielle. On the evening of April 9th, BBK issued an apology letter to customers, which mentioned that it had realized its own problems and sincerely said "I’m sorry" to everyone. He also said that he would optimize procurement channels, remove products with insecure quality, adjust shopping malls and improve employees’ salaries and benefits.

  At present, the business hours of 17 BBK supermarkets in Changsha, Yueyang, Changde and other cities have been adjusted to 9:30-21:30 (previously from 8:00 to 22:00). In addition, BBK Changsha Meixi Store started employee recruitment with a monthly salary of 4,000-5,000 yuan. Time Finance found in the recruitment software that the salary of cashier, cleaning and other posts in BBK Supermarket was 2000-3000 yuan.

  Bao Yuezhong, a new retail expert, analyzed Time Finance. The current problem of BBK cannot be solved by measures such as raising wages and compressing working hours. "As a large chain enterprise, its problems are very complicated, and the final result of Fat East’s help needs further observation."

  The fat man who was "famous" came from the east, and he was not so god in the local area.

  Despite the outstanding performance of products and services, the real success of Fat East cannot be separated from the help of social media.

  Time Finance learned that since 2023, in the comment area of many store-exploring videos such as Sam and the market opener, a large number of praises for Fat Dong came into being, attracting many netizens to experience punching in thousands of miles. However, with the deification of Fat Donglai, its words and deeds are also under the magnifying glass, and employee welfare and business hours are widely discussed.

  Luo Chen has just joined the production and operation post of Pangdonglai. According to him, the company’s job application is under great competitive pressure. "There are 209 open recruitment positions, and about 30,000 resumes have been delivered, but the salary is about 80,000-100,000/year, which is really good in Xuchang with an average monthly salary of 3,000 yuan."

  As a Xuchang person, in Luo Chen’s cognition, Fat Donglai is just a supermarket that everyone recognizes and trusts. "We locals just regard it as an ordinary supermarket, which is not as deified as online. Because of the high quality of goods, it is generally not cheap, and we will not go shopping every day. Everyone regards it more as a place to spend time."

  According to Luo Chen’s memory, the explosion of Xuchang’s fat east was the explosion of "pilgrims" after a blogger’s shop-exploring video went out of the network in early 2023. "Now I dare not go to Fat East on weekends and holidays. The roads adjacent to the stores are jammed, and even the small town of Xuchang is crowded. A few days ago, during the Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, there were basically no local cars on the road. "

  The shopping experience of being at home has always been a business card from Fat East, but with its increasing voice on social media, it has also spawned a large number of purchasing agents.

  Tang Ting, who went to college in Xuchang, pointed out to Time Finance that after purchasing more last year, many things could not be bought, and the foreign purchasing vehicles pulled goods. "I once saw a shopping cart full of washcloths and baby wipes, thinking it was a promotion. As a result, after taking two bags, someone next to me said that this was her goods."

  In order to reduce the impact of purchasing on the brand, on April 5, Fat Donglai issued a statement, saying that a large number of accounts of Fat Donglai without authorization from the company were found on Taobao, Pinduoduo, Tik Tok and other online platforms, which misled consumers and would use legal means to protect their rights.

  Help from different places, Fat East will go out of Henan?

  Many times’ assistance to supermarkets in different places has also made the outside world see another path for Pangdonglai to get out of Henan-exporting business philosophy.

  Under the word-of-mouth effect, many retail entrepreneurs hope to learn from Yu Donglai. Previously, Gansu Xinle Supermarket, Hubei Yasi Supermarket and a pro-supermarket in Qinghai had all been personally led by Yu Donglai.

  On the one hand, the pressure of rent and labor costs in third-tier cities is relatively small, and if it expands outward, it will bring greater financial pressure; On the other hand, the expansion needs to overcome the difficulties and risks of building supply chains and logistics centers, and it will also face fierce competition from local enterprises.

  Yu Donglai has repeatedly rumored that Fat Dong wants to open a shop in Zhengzhou. In his speech, he responded: Why not enter Zhengzhou? The house price in Zhengzhou is too expensive. If you come to Zhengzhou to open a shop, how can I arrange my staff? In the latest live broadcast on November 17th last year, Yu Donglai once again responded that there is no plan to open a shop in Zhengzhou for the time being.

  At present, there are 13 stores in Pangdonglai. Among them, there are 8 comprehensive shopping malls (Angel City, Times Square, Life Square, Xinxiang Dapang, Xinxiang Life Square, Beihai Store, Golden Triangle Store and Yuzhou Store), 1 large-scale clothing specialty store (clothing building) and 4 medium-sized community supermarkets (Yunding Store, People Store, Labor Store and Jinhui Store). According to the plan in early 2022, Fat Donglai plans to add 1-2 stores in 2024.

  Recently, Pangdonglai has also expanded its online channels, opening a WeChat applet "Pangdonglai Online Mall" and "Pangdonglai Franchise Store" in Tik Tok. If the effect of helping other enterprises such as BBK reaches expectations, it may not be impossible for Fat East to come out of Xinxiang and Xuchang.

  (At the request of the interviewee, Luo Chen and Tang Ting are pseudonyms.)