Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 19th Question: How can the "fifteen consecutive rises" land smoothly when the basic pensions are raised in various places?
Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Zhai Yongguan, Henry Hui Wang and Yin Siyuan
At the beginning of this year, the relevant ministries and commissions issued a notice to adjust the basic pension. The reporter of Xinhua Viewpoint learned that at present, all provinces have introduced implementation measures, and many places have been adjusted in place.
The the State Council executive meeting held a few days ago pointed out that it is necessary to ensure that basic pensions are paid in full and on time. How to ensure the smooth landing of rising pensions? What are the differences in pension adjustment schemes in different places? How to embody incentives and give consideration to fairness?
How to adjust each place separately?
At present, all localities have issued basic pension adjustment plans for retirees, and many places have already adjusted them in place.
For more than ten years in a row, Zhang Guichang, a retired old man who lives in Nankai District of Tianjin, always gets a lot of income in July: the pension increases year by year, and the pension increased in the first half of the year is reissued together with the pension in July. "The economy has developed, the income of residents has improved, and the retirees have followed suit." Zhang Guichang said.
In March this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Basic Pension for Retirees in 2019. From January 1, 2019, retirees from enterprises, institutions and institutions who have gone through retirement procedures according to regulations and received basic pensions on a monthly basis will raise the basic pension level. The overall adjustment level is about 5% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2018, and it is estimated that 118 million retirees will benefit. This is the 15th consecutive year that China has adjusted the basic pension for enterprise retirees.
The reporter found that in terms of quota adjustment, retirees in the same area uniformly increase the same amount of pension, and different provinces range from 34 yuan to 80 yuan per person per month. Among them, 50 yuan is given a monthly quota per person in Beijing, and 60 yuan is given a monthly quota per person in Guangdong and Shanghai. Tibet has increased the amount of money, with a monthly increase of 80 yuan per person. Liaoning divides the quota adjustment into five grades according to the time for retirees to take part in work, with the highest in 70 yuan and the lowest in 25 yuan. Hubei divides the quota adjustment into three grades according to the retirement time of retirees.
Why are the quota adjustments different in different regions?
Xu Xing, a professor at Zhou Enlai School of Government Management, Nankai University, said that pension adjustment standards are generally calculated according to comprehensive factors such as economic growth rate, rising prices, pension income and expenditure level and fund affordability. "The level of economic development varies from place to place, and the basic situation of retirees is also different. This determines that local specific conditions will be taken into account when formulating specific adjustment methods, and there are certain differences in adjustment methods between regions."
How to embody incentives and give consideration to fairness?
The reporter learned that this pension adjustment not only reflects the incentive mechanism but also takes into account fairness. In the aspect of hook adjustment, it is mainly linked to factors such as the payment period or working years of retirees and the basic pension level.
The first is linked to the payment period. Take Heilongjiang as an example, increase 2 yuan every full year; Relevant policies in Inner Mongolia stipulate that the payment period of retirees should be increased by 1 yuan every full year, and if it is less than 15 yuan, it should be adjusted according to 15 yuan.
The second is linked to my basic pension level. Beijing divides the monthly basic pension of retirees from high to low before the end of 2018, and each person with more than 5,459 yuan (inclusive) will increase the 45 yuan every month; Each person between 3959 yuan (inclusive) and 5459 yuan will increase 55 yuan per month; 65 yuan will be increased per person per month under 3959 yuan. By adopting a high-profile approach for the low-paid and a low-profile approach for the high-paid, it is guaranteed that those with low treatment levels can appropriately increase their basic pensions.
In the adjustment programs in various places, the following categories of retirees will enjoy the policy tilt.
-senior retirees. In Tianjin, the 30 yuan will be increased every month for retirees who are over 70 years old and under 75 years old; At least 75 years of age but under 80 years of age, 50 yuan will be increased per person per month; At least 80 years of age, 70 yuan will be increased per person per month. In Hubei, those who participated in the revolutionary work before the founding of New China enjoyed the supply system, and each person increased the 30 yuan every month; Before the founding of New China, those who participated in revolutionary work and enjoyed the salary system will receive an increase of 25 yuan per person per month.
-enterprises retired from the army to cadres. Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei and other places all stipulate that after the adjustment, the basic pension of retired military cadres of enterprises still does not reach the average level of the basic pension in their regions, and it will be filled to the average level.
-retirees in hard and remote areas. According to Shanxi regulations, retirees in hard and remote areas of Class I will receive an additional monthly 10 yuan, while retirees in hard and remote areas of Class II will receive an additional monthly 15 yuan. Tianjin stipulates that the adjustment targets in hard and remote areas within the scope stipulated by the state will increase 15 yuan per person per month.
-retirees from work-related injuries. Anhui stipulates that if the basic pension increased by enterprise retirees with work-related injuries in the first to fourth grades according to the above-mentioned methods is lower than the average amount of basic pension adjustment for enterprise retirees, it will be supplemented according to the average amount.
In addition, the reporter noted that the scope of pension adjustment personnel in Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces is larger than that in other provinces: Guangdong has followed the practice since 2016 and included retirees who received basic pensions for the first time in the first half of this year in this adjustment scope; For the first time this year, Jiangsu will include those who have gone through retirement and resignation procedures in the first half of this year in the scope of this pension adjustment. The adjustment targets in other provinces are those who have gone through retirement and resignation procedures before December 31, 2018.
How to ensure timely and full payment?
Judging from the situation in the first half of this year, the old-age insurance system runs smoothly and can ensure that the basic pension is paid in full and on time. At the briefing on the State Council policy held by the State Council Office, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security introduced that from January to June, the current income of the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees was 1.9 trillion yuan, the expenditure was 1.6 trillion yuan, and the current balance was 300 billion yuan. The accumulated balance at the end of June exceeded 5 trillion yuan, which can be paid for more than 18 months.
On this basis, a number of effective measures have been implemented this year to ensure that pensions are paid in full and on time.
-Strengthen the central adjustment of endowment insurance funds, balance the burden of endowment insurance between regions, and help difficult areas to ensure payment. This year, the proportion of central adjustment will be increased to 3.5%, and the scale of inter-provincial adjustment funds will be nearly 160 billion yuan, which will further balance the burden of old-age care among regions and increase support for some provinces with greater pressure on fund revenue and expenditure.
-transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund and implement it steadily. In July this year, Peng Huagang, spokesman of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, said that the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission had put forward a list of the third batch of 35 central enterprises that transferred some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund, and the scope of the third batch of transferred enterprises was further expanded, and the transfer amount was greatly increased. The total transfer amount of 53 enterprises in the first three batches would reach 603.8 billion yuan. Chu Fuling, director of the Social Security Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, believes that this measure is conducive to enriching the social security fund. However, at present, there is a lack of specific institutional norms for the use of funds raised, and the detailed rules for the use of funds should be accelerated.
-The strategic reserve fund has been continuously increased, and the financial investment in basic old-age insurance at all levels has increased year by year. At present, the state has established a strategic reserve fund, and the national social security fund has a strategic reserve of about 2 trillion yuan. This year, the central financial budget for enterprise endowment insurance reached 528.5 billion yuan, up 9.4% year-on-year, and the local finance also made corresponding funding arrangements.
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