On January 14th, National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter in China and answer reporters’ questions.
Influenza is still the main respiratory disease at present.
Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department, said at the meeting that since the New Year’s Day, the number of fever clinics in medical institutions nationwide has fluctuated and declined. At present, the main respiratory diseases are influenza, the infection in Covid-19 is at a low level, and the medical services are generally stable and orderly.
Mi Feng said that since the New Year’s Day holiday, the cross-border tourism between North and South has been popular. Tourists from south to north enjoy different natural environment and cultural atmosphere. There is a great difference in climate between the north and the south, so we should pay attention to the weather changes and road safety at the destination and along the way. Continue to adhere to good hygiene habits such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, ventilation frequently and keeping social distance, and identify respiratory symptoms in time and see a doctor in time.
Wang Dayan, director of the National Influenza Center of the Institute of Virology, China CDC, said that recently, the data of multi-channel monitoring system showed that after the New Year holiday, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 was still at a low level, among which the positive rate of Covid-19 in sentinel hospitals remained below 1%, and the proportion of JN.1 mutants showed an upward trend. According to experts’ judgment, due to the continuous input of JN.1 mutant, the gradual decline of domestic influenza activity and the decline of people’s immune level, the infection situation in Covid-19 may rebound this month, and JN.1 mutant will probably develop into the dominant epidemic strain in China.
Will patients who have been infected with influenza A be infected with influenza B again?
According to Wang Dayan, seasonal influenza includes subtype A H1N1, subtype A H3N2 and influenza B. The southern provinces of China have entered this influenza epidemic season since early October 2023 and the northern provinces since late October 2023. In the early stage, influenza A (H3N2) virus was the main epidemic strain. In the past five weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in northern provinces continued to rise to 57.7%, and in the past three weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in southern provinces continued to rise to 36.8%, and the proportion of influenza B virus in some provinces exceeded that of influenza A virus.
Influenza A and B viruses are distinguished by the sequence characteristics of their genes and proteins, and the seasonal influenza caused by them is difficult to distinguish in clinical symptoms. If we want to distinguish and identify influenza A virus or influenza B virus, we need to rely on pathogen typing.
In the same influenza epidemic season, there are usually different types and subtypes of influenza viruses, but the proportion is different. The immune response after getting influenza A cannot provide immune protection for influenza B. Even if you have had influenza A in this epidemic season, you may be infected with influenza B virus again. It is recommended that high-risk people be vaccinated as soon as possible.
Will respiratory diseases such as influenza A or B be repeatedly infected?
Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that winter is the season with frequent respiratory diseases, including influenza (influenza A, influenza B), Covid-19, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and mycoplasma, etc. The immunity established by these pathogens after infection is not lasting and can be repeatedly infected, and the pathogens have no cross-protective immunity and can be infected simultaneously or alternately.
Repeated infection in a short time, because the immunity established by infection still exists, the condition is often milder; When different pathogens are infected at the same time, the disease may worsen, the respiratory immune barrier will be damaged after infection, and the risk of bacterial infection will increase, especially for the elderly, children and patients with basic diseases.
It is suggested that the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection should be differentiated and diagnosed in time, and antigen or nucleic acid detection should be carried out. After the diagnosis is confirmed, targeted treatment can be carried out-
The flu can be treated with anti-influenza drugs such as oseltamivir or mabaloxavir; The elderly, children and patients with basic diseases should use anti-influenza drugs at an early stage.
If Covid-19 is infected, early application of anti-COVID-19 drugs can relieve symptoms, shorten the course of disease, reduce the risk of severe illness and hospitalization, and reduce the risk of further transmission.
How will respiratory diseases affect the cardiovascular system?
According to experts, whether it is bacterial, viral or mycoplasma infection, it may affect the cardiovascular system, especially the elderly, which needs attention.
The most common is myocardial involvement, which leads to myocarditis; Arrhythmias, such as premature beats and atrial fibrillation. For patients with existing cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, etc.), the disease may recur or worsen.
We should improve our ability of identification and prevention-
Once respiratory infection occurs, you should pay attention to rest and active treatment.
After the symptoms such as fever and runny nose have improved after the treatment of respiratory infection, chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain and even edema of lower limbs should be seen as soon as possible, and ECG, echocardiography, dynamic ECG, myocardial enzymes and heart failure indicators should be checked to determine whether cardiovascular diseases are involved.
Original title: "The latest response from China CDC! 》
Read the original text
关于作者