Cctv newsOn September 27th, the Department of Science, Technology and Information Technology of the Ministry of Education issued a document "Adhering to the" Four Orientations "and Serving" the Biggest Country "— — Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities has served the high-quality development of the economy and society.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China has successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries and embarked on a development path from strong talents and strong science and technology to strong industry, economy and country. In this process, the Ministry of Education consistently and resolutely implements the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, insists on serving the country as the highest pursuit of scientific and technological work in colleges and universities, gives full play to the unique advantages of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities, and organizes teachers and students to adhere to the "four orientations" and serve the "country’s greatest" and constantly March into the breadth and depth of science and technology.
In the past ten years, the Ministry of Education has successively organized and implemented a number of major strategic actions such as "Innovation Capacity Enhancement Plan", "Independent Innovation Action in Key Areas" and "Basic Research Everest Plan" in colleges and universities, and a series of special action plans for scientific and technological innovation such as rural revitalization, Belt and Road Initiative, artificial intelligence, carbon neutrality and blockchain. Organized universities to build a number of national key laboratories and national engineering (technology) research centers, actively laid out and built cutting-edge scientific centers and integrated research platforms, and built 688 key laboratories and 448 engineering research centers of the Ministry of Education in an organized and systematic manner, forming a scientific and technological innovation system with clear levels, reasonable structure and strong support, and steadily improving the service capacity of scientific and technological innovation in universities, which provided strong support for the implementation of major national strategies and economic and social development.
First, strongly support the national science and technology self-reliance.
Self-reliance in science and technology is the foundation of national prosperity and security, and the lifeblood of science and technology must be firmly in our own hands. In the past ten years, as the first completion unit, colleges and universities have won more than 1000 national science and technology awards. In terms of quantity, colleges and universities have won more than half of the three national science and technology awards in the past decade; In terms of quality, colleges and universities have won 60% of the first prize of national natural science and 90% of the first prize of national technological invention in the past ten years, which is the main force of basic research and the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs in China.
Scientific and technological innovations serve the needs of people’s livelihood and continue to "add bricks and tiles" to the people’s better life. For example, Peking University pioneered a series of new methods of genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation in the world, which solved the major reproductive health problem of "birth defects" and brought the hope of giving birth to a healthy new life to millions of families in China. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the vast number of scientific researchers in colleges and universities have devoted themselves to tackling key problems in epidemic prevention and control, developed the first anti-Covid-19 antibody drug and the first anti-Covid-19 oral drug approved for marketing in China, and made outstanding contributions to the research and development of vaccines and testing products in Covid-19. The heat-resistant molecular breeding technology of wheat invented by China Agricultural University has shortened the breeding cycle by 2-3 years, improved the breeding efficiency by 20%, and promoted the new heat-resistant wheat varieties by more than 60 million mu. The cultivated series of new corn varieties such as "Nongda 778" have accumulated an area of 50 million mu, increasing production by more than 10 billion Jin and increasing farmers’ income by more than 10 billion yuan. University science and technology have made important contributions to ensuring national food security.
Every major breakthrough in science and technology is an important opportunity to promote new technologies and industries, open up new fields and tracks for economic development, and form new advantages in international competition. For example, the world’s first pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant, which was designed by Tsinghua University and jointly built by China National Nuclear Corporation, China Huaneng and other central enterprises, was successfully connected to the grid in 2021, pushing China’s high-temperature gas-cooled reactor from a "sample" to a "product", making China one of the few countries in the world to master the fourth-generation nuclear energy technology. Zhu Rong landed on Mars, Beidou successfully networked, the moon was sampled for the first time, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was completed and opened to traffic, and the C919 aircraft was delivered soon. In a series of big country projects, colleges and universities have made outstanding contributions and consciously fulfilled their mission of serving high-level science and technology for self-reliance.
Second, independently cultivate a large number of scientific and technological innovation talents
Colleges and universities are the main positions for talent training and gathering, and also an important part of the national strategic scientific and technological strength, and undertake the dual missions of scientific and technological innovation and talent training. The Ministry of Education continued to deepen the integration of science and education, strengthen scientific research and education, and the group of strategic scientists and leading talents in colleges and universities grew steadily. In the past ten years, more than 350 academicians of the two academies have been added to colleges and universities, and the proportion of newly added academicians of the two academies in the past three times has exceeded 50%. More than 1,500 winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars have been added, and universities have gathered nearly 70% of the total winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars. According to the survey statistics, in 2021, more than 1 million graduate students participated in the research and development projects of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, double the number in 2012. National development depends on talents, and national rejuvenation depends on talents. In the past ten years, scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities has strongly supported the independent training of innovative talents, provided the source of living water for the construction of national strategic talents, and accumulated important strength for high-quality economic and social development.
Third, vigorously promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements
Only when scientific and technological achievements are transformed into real productive forces can we truly release the driving force of innovation-driven development. In the past ten years, the number of patent transfer and licensing contracts in colleges and universities has exceeded 65,000, and the amount of patent conversion has increased from 820 million yuan to 8.89 billion yuan, an increase of nearly ten times. There are two key factors that determine the effectiveness of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The quality of scientific and technological achievements itself is the internal cause, and policy incentives are the external cause. In recent years, the Ministry of Education, in combination with the actual situation of colleges and universities, has started from the internal and external factors. On the one hand, it has improved the quality of achievements and strengthened the source supply of scientific and technological achievements. In conjunction with China National Intellectual Property Administration, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other departments, it has studied and formulated "Several Opinions on Improving the Patent Quality of Colleges and Universities and Promoting the Transformation and Application", taking the lead in adjusting the patent subsidy incentive policy, promoting the pre-application evaluation system of patents, and reversing the bad orientation of "emphasizing quantity over quality" and "emphasizing application over implementation" of patents in colleges and universities. On the other hand, we should increase policy incentives and take various measures to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Increase the reward for the transformation of achievements and stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific researchers. At present, colleges and universities generally increase the reward ratio to 70%, and some colleges and universities reward more than 90%, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities into real productive forces. For example, Sichuan University has developed and created more than 10 kinds of new narcotic drugs, of which 3 have been listed with new drug certificates and 5 have been clinically approved. Clinical research is under way, and the amount of patent conversion of new narcotic drugs has reached 837 million yuan.There are more than 60 large cutter suction dredgers, such as Tian Whale, designed by Shanghai Jiaotong University, with an annual dredging volume of over 1 billion cubic meters and an annual output value of over 10 billion RMB, realizing a historic leap from "blockade" to "export control" of key core technologies. In the past ten years, the supply quality and transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities have been significantly improved, which has provided strong support for high-quality economic and social development.
Fourth, actively serve the regional innovation and development strategy
Colleges and universities are the talent center and innovative highland of regional development, and also the innovation source and power engine of regional development. In the past ten years, the Ministry of Education, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have jointly laid out and built 229 collaborative innovation centers, strengthened in-depth cooperation with leading industrial enterprises and local governments, and provided strong support for industrial and regional development. The comprehensive service and deep integration of universities into the construction of international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have strongly supported Chengdu-Chongqing area and Wuhan to accelerate the construction of science and technology innovation centers with national influence. For example, Huazhong University of Science and Technology has been deeply involved in the photoelectric field for ten years, established 25 joint laboratories with related leading enterprises, and gradually established the advantages of national science and technology base cluster from basic research, key technological breakthroughs to achievements transformation and application. 130 high-tech enterprises have been transformed from school scientific and technological achievements, supporting China Optics Valley’s "optical core screen end network" industrial cluster to break through the 600 billion mark, and are striving to develop into a trillion-dollar industrial cluster. In the past ten years, colleges and universities have given full play to their regional advantages and disciplinary talents, strengthened the role of radiation through innovation, accelerated the gathering of scientific and technological resources, and helped to create regional innovation growth poles.
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